Comparing the economic performance of dependent territories and sovereign microstates

Economic Development and Cultural Change

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 285-306

  Armstrong, H W ^a   Read, R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; ECONOMIC CONDITIONS; GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT; NATIONAL ECONOMY; SMALL ISLAND STATE;

EID: 0034087497     PISSN: 00130079     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/452459     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. U.S. Department of the Interior, Report on the State of the Islands (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996); Commonwealth Secretariat, Small States: Economic Review and Statistics, Annual Series no. 2 (London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 1996).
2. U.S. Department of the Interior, Report on the State of the Islands (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996); Commonwealth Secretariat, Small States: Economic Review and Statistics, Annual Series no. 2 (London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 1996).
3. H. W. Armstrong, R. J. de Kervenoael, X. Li, and R. Read, "The Economic Performance of Micro-States," Overseas Development Administration, Report no. R6622 (London: Overseas Development Administration, 1996).
4. See table 2 of H. W. Armstrong, R. J. de Kervenoael, X. Li, and R. Read, "A Comparison of the Economic Performance of Different Micro-States and between Micro-States and Larger Countries," World Development 26 (1998): 639-56.
5. See H. W. Armstrong and R. Read, "Micro-States, Autonomous Regions and the European Union," European Urban and Regional Studies 1 (1994): 71-78. See also H. W. Armstrong and R. Read, "Western European Micro-States and EU Autonomous Regions: The Advantages of Size and Sovereignty," World Development 23 (1995): 1229-45.
6. See H. W. Armstrong and R. Read, "Micro-States, Autonomous Regions and the European Union," European Urban and Regional Studies 1 (1994): 71-78. See also H. W. Armstrong and R. Read, "Western European Micro-States and EU Autonomous Regions: The Advantages of Size and Sovereignty," World Development 23 (1995): 1229-45.
7. C. Milner and T. Westaway, "Country Size and the Medium Term Growth Process: Some Country Size Evidence," World Development 21 (1993): 203-12. See also Armstrong et al., "A Comparison of the Economic Performance."
8. C. Milner and T. Westaway, "Country Size and the Medium Term Growth Process: Some Country Size Evidence," World Development 21 (1993): 203-12. See also Armstrong et al., "A Comparison of the Economic Performance."
9. S. Harden, Small Is Dangerous: Micro States in a Macro World (London: Pinter, 1985); H. M. Hintjens and M. D. D. Newitt, The Political Economy of Small Tropical Islands: The Importance of Being Small (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1992); D. P. J. Wood, "The Small Territories: Some Political Considerations," in Problems of Smaller Territories, ed. B. Benedict (London: Athlone, 1967).
10. S. Harden, Small Is Dangerous: Micro States in a Macro World (London: Pinter, 1985); H. M. Hintjens and M. D. D. Newitt, The Political Economy of Small Tropical Islands: The Importance of Being Small (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1992); D. P. J. Wood, "The Small Territories: Some Political Considerations," in Problems of Smaller Territories, ed. B. Benedict (London: Athlone, 1967).
11. S. Harden, Small Is Dangerous: Micro States in a Macro World (London: Pinter, 1985); H. M. Hintjens and M. D. D. Newitt, The Political Economy of Small Tropical Islands: The Importance of Being Small (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1992); D. P. J. Wood, "The Small Territories: Some Political Considerations," in Problems of Smaller Territories, ed. B. Benedict (London: Athlone, 1967).
12. F. Holmes, "Development Problems of Small Countries," in Cooperation and Development in the Asia Pacific Region: Relations between Large and Small Countries, ed. L. V. Castle and F. Holmes (Tokyo: Japan Economic Research Center, 1976), pp. 43-66; P. Bune, "Vulnerability," Courier 4 (1987): 85-87; L. Briguglio, "Small Island Developing States and Their Economic Vulnerabilities," World Development 23 (1995): 1615-32.
13. F. Holmes, "Development Problems of Small Countries," in Cooperation and Development in the Asia Pacific Region: Relations between Large and Small Countries, ed. L. V. Castle and F. Holmes (Tokyo: Japan Economic Research Center, 1976), pp. 43-66; P. Bune, "Vulnerability," Courier 4 (1987): 85-87; L. Briguglio, "Small Island Developing States and Their Economic Vulnerabilities," World Development 23 (1995): 1615-32.
14. F. Holmes, "Development Problems of Small Countries," in Cooperation and Development in the Asia Pacific Region: Relations between Large and Small Countries, ed. L. V. Castle and F. Holmes (Tokyo: Japan Economic Research Center, 1976), pp. 43-66; P. Bune, "Vulnerability," Courier 4 (1987): 85-87; L. Briguglio, "Small Island Developing States and Their Economic Vulnerabilities," World Development 23 (1995): 1615-32.
15. A. D. Knox, "Some Economic Problems of Small Countries," in Benedict, ed., pp. 35-45. On island microstates, see Briguglio.
16. H. W. Armstrong, G. Johnes, J. Johnes, and A. I. MacBean, "The Role of Transport Costs as a Determinant of Price Level Variations between the Isle of Man and the United Kingdom," World Development 21 (1993): 311-18.
17. Briguglio; S. Kuznets, "The Economic Growth of Small States," in The Economic Consequences of the Size of Nations, ed. E. A. G. Robinson (London: Macmillan, 1960), pp. 14-32; I. Thomas, "The Industrialisation Experience of Small Countries," in Problems and Policies in Small Economies, ed. B. Jalan (London: Croom Helm, 1982), pp. 103-24.
18. Briguglio; S. Kuznets, "The Economic Growth of Small States," in The Economic Consequences of the Size of Nations, ed. E. A. G. Robinson (London: Macmillan, 1960), pp. 14-32; I. Thomas, "The Industrialisation Experience of Small Countries," in Problems and Policies in Small Economies, ed. B. Jalan (London: Croom Helm, 1982), pp. 103-24.
19. See Commonwealth Secretariat (n. 1 above).
20. A. Bhaduri, A. Mukherji, and R. Sengupta, "Problems of Long Term Growth in Small Economies: A Theoretical Analysis," in Jalan, ed., pp. 49-68.
21. A. I. MacBean and D. T. Nguyen, Commodity Problems, Prospects and Policies (London: Croom Helm, 1987); W. M. Corden and P. Neary, "Booming Sectors and Deindustrialisation in Small Open Economies," Economic Journal 92 (1982): 825-48.
22. A. I. MacBean and D. T. Nguyen, Commodity Problems, Prospects and Policies (London: Croom Helm, 1987); W. M. Corden and P. Neary, "Booming Sectors and Deindustrialisation in Small Open Economies," Economic Journal 92 (1982): 825-48.
23. H. C. Brookfield, "Multum in Parvo: Questions about the Diversity and Diversification in Small Developing Countries," in Development Policy in Small Developing Countries, ed. P. Selwyn (Beckenham: Croom Helm, 1973), pp. 54-76; P. Selwyn, "Small, Poor and Remote: Islands at a Geographical Disadvantage," Institute of Development Studies Discussion Paper no. 123 (University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, 1978); Y. P. Pant, Problems of Development of Smaller Countries: A Study in the Problems and Prospects of the Development Process (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1974). See also Armstrong et al., "The Role of Transport Costs."
24. H. C. Brookfield, "Multum in Parvo: Questions about the Diversity and Diversification in Small Developing Countries," in Development Policy in Small Developing Countries, ed. P. Selwyn (Beckenham: Croom Helm, 1973), pp. 54-76; P. Selwyn, "Small, Poor and Remote: Islands at a Geographical Disadvantage," Institute of Development Studies Discussion Paper no. 123 (University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, 1978); Y. P. Pant, Problems of Development of Smaller Countries: A Study in the Problems and Prospects of the Development Process (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1974). See also Armstrong et al., "The Role of Transport Costs."
25. H. C. Brookfield, "Multum in Parvo: Questions about the Diversity and Diversification in Small Developing Countries," in Development Policy in Small Developing Countries, ed. P. Selwyn (Beckenham: Croom Helm, 1973), pp. 54-76; P. Selwyn, "Small, Poor and Remote: Islands at a Geographical Disadvantage," Institute of Development Studies Discussion Paper no. 123 (University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, 1978); Y. P. Pant, Problems of Development of Smaller Countries: A Study in the Problems and Prospects of the Development Process (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1974). See also Armstrong et al., "The Role of Transport Costs."
26. H. C. Brookfield, "Multum in Parvo: Questions about the Diversity and Diversification in Small Developing Countries," in Development Policy in Small Developing Countries, ed. P. Selwyn (Beckenham: Croom Helm, 1973), pp. 54-76; P. Selwyn, "Small, Poor and Remote: Islands at a Geographical Disadvantage," Institute of Development Studies Discussion Paper no. 123 (University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, 1978); Y. P. Pant, Problems of Development of Smaller Countries: A Study in the Problems and Prospects of the Development Process (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1974). See also Armstrong et al., "The Role of Transport Costs."
27. We are grateful to the anonymous referee of the article for pointing this out to us.
28. P. Streeten, "The Special Problems of Small Countries," World Development 21 (1993): 197-202.
29. R. D. Putnam, with R. Leonardi and R. Y. Nanetti, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993).
30. G. Marcy, "How Far Can Foreign Trade and Customs Agreements Confer upon Small Nations the Advantages of Larger Nations?" in Robinson, ed., pp. 265-81; T. Scitovsky, "International Trade and Economic Integration as a Means of Overcoming the Disadvantages of a Small Nation," in Robinson, ed., pp. 282-90. See also Knox (n. 8 above).
31. G. Marcy, "How Far Can Foreign Trade and Customs Agreements Confer upon Small Nations the Advantages of Larger Nations?" in Robinson, ed., pp. 265-81; T. Scitovsky, "International Trade and Economic Integration as a Means of Overcoming the Disadvantages of a Small Nation," in Robinson, ed., pp. 282-90. See also Knox (n. 8 above).
32. See Armstrong et al., "The Economic Performance of Micro-States" (n. 2 above).
33. See ibid, for a full list.
34. R. Summers and A. Heston, "A New Set of International Comparisons of Real Product and Price Level Estimates for 130 Countries, 1950-1985," Review of Income and Wealth 34 (1988): 1-25.
35. See Armstrong et al., "The Economic Performance of Micro-States."
36. See ibid.; and Armstrong et al., "A Comparison of the Economic Performance" (n. 3 above).
37. See ibid.; and Armstrong et al., "A Comparison of the Economic Performance" (n. 3 above).
38. B. Ashcroft, "External Takeovers in Scottish Manufacturing: The Effect on Local Linkages and Corporate Functions," Scottish Journal of Political Economy 25 (1988): 129-48.
39. The REGION variable used in this article almost certainly understates the true importance of the relative prosperity of the region within which a microstate or dependent territory is located. The World Bank's definition of regions groups the much poorer states of the Pacific (an area that contains many microstates and dependent territories) with some of the world's most prosperous countries in East Asia.
40. R. Roberts, Offshore Financial Centres (London: Edward Elgar, 1994); Tolley Publishing, Tolley's Tax Havens, 2d ed. (Croydon: Tolley Publishing, 1993).
41. R. Roberts, Offshore Financial Centres (London: Edward Elgar, 1994); Tolley Publishing, Tolley's Tax Havens, 2d ed. (Croydon: Tolley Publishing, 1993).
42. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Geographcal Disbursement of Financial Flows to Aid Recipients, 1992-96 (Paris: OECD, 1997). Official development assistance comprises net disbursements of loans and grants made on concessionary terms by official agencies, including state and local governments, or by their executive agencies. Wherever possible, military aid is excluded. The figures include the value of technical assistance and cooperation.
43. Sun-Ki Chai, "Endogenous Ideology Formation and Economic Policy in Former Colonies," Economic Development and Cultural Change 46 (1998): 263-90.