Botulinum toxin a treatment in children with cerebral palsy its effects on walking and energy expenditure

American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Volumn 91, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 53-64

  Balaban, Birol ^a   Tok, Fatih ^a   Tan, A Kenan ^a   Matthews, Dennis J ^b  

^a GULHANE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Turkey)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Botulinum toxin A; Cerebral palsy; Energy expenditure; Gait analysis

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A; MUSCLE RELAXANT AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ADMINISTRATION; DRUG EFFECT; ENERGY METABOLISM; EVALUATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MALE; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; REFERENCE VALUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WALKING;

ADOLESCENT; BOTULINUM TOXINS, TYPE A; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHILD; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; ENERGY METABOLISM; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, INTRAMUSCULAR; MALE; NEUROMUSCULAR AGENTS; REFERENCE VALUES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WALKING;

EID: 84856265717     PISSN: 08949115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31823caae1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bjornson K, Hays R, Graubert C, et al: Botulinum toxin for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a comprehensive evaluation. Pediatrics 2007;120: 49-58 (Pubitemid 47036240)
2. Matthews DJ, Balaban B: Management of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2009;43:81-6
3. Balaban B, Yasar E, Dal U, et al: The effect of hinged ankle-foot orthosis on gait and energy expenditure in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2007;29:139-44 (Pubitemid 46431581)
4. Kao I, Drachman DB, Price DL: Botulinum toxin: mechanism of presynaptic blockade. Science 1976; 193:1256-8
5. Koman LA, Mooney JF 3rd, Smith B, et al: Management of cerebral palsy with botulinum-A toxin: preliminary investigation. J Pediatr Orthop 1993;13: 489-95 (Pubitemid 23174659)
6. Ryll U, Bastiaenen C, De Bie R, et al: Effects of muscle botulinum toxin A injections on walking in children with spasticity-related cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011;53: 210-6
7. Baird MW, Vargus-Adams J: Outcome measures used in studies of botulinum toxin in childhood cerebral palsy: a systemic review. J Child Neurol 2010;25:721-7
8. Mackey AH, Walt SE, Loob GA, et al: Reliability of upper and lower limb three dimensional kinematics in children with hemiplehia. Gait Posture 2005;22:1-9 (Pubitemid 40933700)
9. Steinwender G, Saraph V, Scheiber S, et al: Intrasubject repeatability of gait analysis data in normal and spastic children. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2000;15:134-9 (Pubitemid 30016071)
10. Norman JF, Bossman S, Gardner P, et al: Comparison of the energy expenditure index and oxygen consumption index during self-paced walking in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy and children without physical disabilities. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:206-11 (Pubitemid 40186462)
11. Koop S, Stout J, Star R, et al: Oxygen consumption during walking in normal children and children with cerebral palsy (abstract). Dev Med Child Neurol 1989;31:6
12. Johnston TE, Moore SE, Quinn LT, et al: Energy cost of walking in children with cerebral palsy: relation to the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Dev Med Child Neurol 2004;46:34-8 (Pubitemid 38120447)
13. Maltais D, Bar-Or O, Galea V, et al: Use of orthosis lowers the oxygen cost of walking in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33:320-5 (Pubitemid 32143000)
14. Mossberg KA, Linton KA, Friske K: Ankle-foot orthoses: effect on energy expenditure of gait in spastic diplegic children. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1990;71: 490-4 (Pubitemid 20175707)
15. Bohannon RW, Smith MB: Internal reliability of a modified Asworth Scale of muscle spasticity. J Phys Ther 1987;67:206-8
16. Engsberg JR, Olree KS, Roos SA, et al: Quantitative clinical measure of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1996;77:594-9 (Pubitemid 26180932)
17. Price R, Bjornson KF, Lehmann JF, et al: Quantitative measurement of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1991;33:585-95
18. Chin TY, Nattrass GR, Selber PH, et al: Accuracy of intermuscular injection of botulinum toxin A in juvenile cerebral palsy: a comparison between manual needle placement and placement guided by electrical stimulation. J Pediatr Orthop 2005;25: 286-91 (Pubitemid 40594061)
19. Yang EJ, Rha D, Yoo JK, et al: Accuracy of manual needle placement for gastrocnemius muscle in children with cerebral palsy checked against ultrasonography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90: 741-4
20. Davis RB III, Ounpuu S, Tyburski D, et al: A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique. Hum Move Sci 1991;10:575-87
21. Unnithan VB, Dowling JJ, Frost G, et al: Role of cocontraction in the O2 cost of walking in children with cerebral palsy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28: 1498-504 (Pubitemid 26424674)
22. Rose SA, Ounpuu S, DeLuca P: Strategies for the assessment of pediatric gait in the clinical setting. Phys Ther 1991;71:961-80
23. Rose J, Gamble JG, Lee J, et al: The energy expenditure index: a method to quantitate and compare walking energy expenditure for children and adolescents. J Pediatr Orthop 1991;11:571-8
24. Piccinini L, Cimolin V, Galli M, et al: Quantification of energy expenditure during gait in children affected by cerebral palsy. Eura Medicophys 2007;43:7-12
25. Duffy CM, Hill AE, Cosgrove AP, et al: Energy consumption in children with spina bifida and cerebral palsy: a comparative study. Dev Med Child Neurol 1996;38:238-43
26. Novacheck T, Stout JL, Tervo R: Reliability and validity of the Gillette Functional Assessment questionnaire as an outcome measure in children with walking disabilities. J Pediatr Orthop 2000;20:75-81 (Pubitemid 30013403)
27. Tervo R, Azuma S, Stout J, et al: Correlation between physical functioning and gait measures in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002;44: 185-90 (Pubitemid 34232377)
28. Ubhi T, Bhakta BB, Ives HL, et al: Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of the effect of botulinum toxin on walking in cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child 2000;83:481-7
29. Boyd R, Fatone S, Roda J, et al: High or low technology measurements of energy expenditure in clinical gait analysis?. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999;41:676-82 (Pubitemid 29465557)
30. Corry IS, Cosgrove AP, Duffy CM, et al: Botulinum toxin A in hamstring spasticity. Gait Posture 1999; 10:206-10 (Pubitemid 29533290)
31. Sutherland DH, Kaufman KR, Wyatt MP, et al: Injection of botulinum A toxin into the gastrocnemius muscle of patients with cerebral palsy: a 3-dimensional motion analysis study. Gait Posture 1996;4:269-79 (Pubitemid 26316052)
32. Sutherland DH, Kaufman KR, Wyatt MP, et al: Double-blind study of botulinum A toxin injections into the gastrocnemius muscle in patients with cerebral palsy. Gait Posture 1999;10:1-9 (Pubitemid 29406176)
33. Metaxiotis D, Siebel A, Doederlein L: Repeated botulinum toxin. A injections in the treatment of spastic equines foot. Clin Orthop 2002;394:177-85 (Pubitemid 34062723)
34. Cosgrove AP, Corry IS, Graham HK: Botulinum toxin in the management of the lower limb in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1994;36:386-96 (Pubitemid 24114333)
35. Corry IS, Cosgrove AP, Duffy CM, et al: Botulinum toxin A compared with stretching casts in the treatment of spastic equinus: a randomised prospective trial. J Pediatr Orthop 1998;18:304-11 (Pubitemid 28212938)