Outcome measures used in studies of botulinum toxin in childhood cerebral palsy: A systematic review

Journal of Child Neurology

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 721-727

  Baird, Micah W ^a   Vargus Adams, Jilda ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Botulinum toxin; Cerebral palsy; Disability and Health; International Classification of Functioning; Outcomes

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN;

ARTICLE; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANGE OF MOTION; SPASTICITY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; WALKING;

ANTI-DYSKINESIA AGENTS; BOTULINUM TOXINS; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHILD; HUMANS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77952938098     PISSN: 08830738     EISSN: 17088283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0883073809346846     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Jongerius PH, Rotteveel JJ, van den Hoogen F., Joosten F., van Hulst K., Gabreëls FJ Botulinum toxin a: a new option for treatment of drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Presentation of a case series. Eur J Pediatr. 2001 ; 160 (8). 509-512.
2. World Health Organization. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization ; 2001.
3. Edlund W., Gronseth G., So Y., Franklin G. American Academy of Neurology Clinical Practice Guideline Process Manual. 2004 ed. Saint Paul, MN: American Academy of Neurology ; 2004.
4. Boyd RN, Hays RM Outcome measurement of effectiveness of botulinum toxin type a in children with cerebral palsy: an ICIDH-2 approach. Eur J Neurol. 2001 ; 8 (suppl 5). 167-177.
5. Bjornson K., Hays R., Graubert C., et al. Botulinum toxin for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a comprehensive evaluation. Pediatrics. 2007 ; 120 (1). 49-58.
6. Ackman JD, Russman BS, Thomas SS, et al. Comparing botulinum toxin a with casting for treatment of dynamic equinus in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 ; 47 (9). 620-627.
7. Baker R., Jasinski M., Maciag-Tymecka I., et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of spasticity in diplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002 ; 44 (10). 666-675.
8. Kawamura A., Campbell K., Lam-Damji S., Fehlings D. A randomized controlled trial comparing botulinum toxin a dosage in the upper extremity of children with spasticity. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 ; 49 (5). 331-337.
9. Lowe K., Novak I., Cusick A. Low-dose/high-concentration localized botulinum toxin a improves upper limb movement and function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 ; 48 (3). 170-175.
10. Mall V., Heinen F., Siebel A., et al. Treatment of adductor spasticity with botulinum toxin-a in children with CP: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 ; 48 (1). 10-13.
11. Polak F., Morton R., Ward C., Wallace WA, Doderlein L., Siebel A. Double-blind comparison study of two doses of botulinum toxin a injected into calf muscles in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002 ; 44 (8). 551-555.
12. Steenbeek D., Meester-Delver A., Becher JG, Lankhorst GJ The effect of botulinum toxin type a treatment of the lower extremity on the level of functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy: evaluation with goal attainment scaling. Clin Rehabil. 2005 ; 19 (3). 274-282.
13. Bottos M., Benedetti MG, Salucci P., Gasparroni V., Giannini S. Botulinum toxin with and without casting in ambulant children with spastic diplegia: a clinical and functional assessment. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003 ; 45 (11). 758-762.
14. Boyd RN, Dobson F., Parrott J., et al. The effect of botulinum toxin type a and a variable hip abduction orthosis on gross motor function: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Neurol. 2001 ; 8 (suppl 5). 109-119.
15. Desloovere K., Molenaers G., Jonkers I., et al. A randomized study of combined botulinum toxin type a and casting in the ambulant child with cerebral palsy using objective outcome measures. Eur J Neurol. 2001 ; 8 (suppl 5). 75-87.
16. Detrembleur C., Lejeune TM, Renders A., Van Den Bergh PY Botulinum toxin and short-term electrical stimulation in the treatment of equinus in cerebral palsy. Mov Disord. 2002 ; 17 (1). 162-169.
17. Kanovsky P., Bares M., Severa S., et al. Functional benefit of botulinum toxin (dysport) in the treatment of dynamic equinus cerebral palsy spasticity: a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cesk Slov Neurol Neurochir. 2004 ; 67 (1). 16-23.
18. Rameckers EA, Speth LA, Duysens J., Vles JS, Smits-Engelsman BC Kinematic aiming task: measuring functional changes in hand and arm movements after botulinum toxin-a injections in children with spastic hemiplegia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 ; 86 (7). 538-547.
19. Reddihough DS, King JA, Coleman GJ, et al. Functional outcome of botulinum toxin a injections to the lower limbs in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002 ; 44 (12). 820-827.
20. Russo RN, Crotty M., Miller MD, Murchland S., Flett P., Haan E. Upper-limb botulinum toxin a injection and occupational therapy in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy identified from a population register: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2007 ; 119 (5). e1149 - e1158.
21. Satila H., Iisalo T., Pietikainen T., et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of spastic equinus in cerebral palsy: a randomized trial comparing two injection sites. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 ; 84 (5). 355-365 ; quiz 366-357, 392.
22. Scholtes VA, Dallmeijer AJ, Knol DL, et al. Effect of multilevel botulinum toxin a and comprehensive rehabilitation on gait in cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurol. 2007 ; 36 (1). 30-39.
23. Speth LA, Leffers P., Janssen-Potten YJ, Vles JS Botulinum toxin a and upper limb functional skills in hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized trial in children receiving intensive therapy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 ; 47 (7). 468-473.
24. Wallen M., O'Flaherty SJ, Waugh MC Functional outcomes of intramuscular botulinum toxin type a and occupational therapy in the upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 ; 88 (1). 1-10.
25. Booth MY, Yates CC, Edgar TS, Bandy WD Serial casting vs combined intervention with botulinum toxin a and serial casting in the treatment of spastic equinus in children. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003 ; 15 (4). 216-220.
26. Cusick A., McIntyre S., Novak I., Lannin N., Lowe K. A comparison of goal attainment scaling and the canadian occupational performance measure for paediatric rehabilitation research. Pediatr Rehabil. 2006 ; 9 (2). 149-157.
27. Desloovere K., Molenaers G., De Cat J., et al. Motor function following multilevel botulinum toxin type a treatment in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 ; 49 (1). 56-61.
28. Dursun N., Dursun E., Alican D. The role of botulinum toxin a in the management of lower limb spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy. Int J Clin Pract. 2002 ; 56 (8). 564-567.
29. El-Etribi MA, Salem ME, El-Shakankiry HM, El-Kahky AM, El-Mahboub SM The effect of botulinum toxin type-a injection on spasticity, range of motion and gait patterns in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy: an egyptian study. Int J Rehabil Res. 2004 ; 27 (4). 275-281.
30. Glanzman AM, Kim H., Swaminathan K., Beck T. Efficacy of botulinum toxin a, serial casting, and combined treatment for spastic equinus: a retrospective analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004 ; 46 (12). 807-811.
31. Hawamdeh ZM, Ibrahim AI, Al-Qudah AA Long-term effect of botulinum toxin (a) in the management of calf spasticity in children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Eura Medicophys. 2007 ; 43 (3). 311-318.
32. Hazneci B., Tan AK, Guncikan MN, Dincer K., Kalyon TA Comparison of the efficacies of botulinum toxin a and johnstone pressure splints against hip adductor spasticity among patients with cerebral palsy: a randomized trial. Mil Med. 2006 ; 171 (7). 653-656.
33. Ibrahim AI, Hawamdeh ZM, Al-Qudah AA Functional outcome of botulinum toxin injection of gastrocnemius and adductors in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsied children. Eura Medicophys. 2007 ; 43 (1). 13-20.
34. Jongerius PH, van den Hoogen FJ, van Limbeek J., Gabreëls FJ, van Hulst K., Rotteveel JJ Effect of botulinum toxin in the treatment of drooling: a controlled clinical trial. Pediatrics. 2004 ; 114 (3). 620-627.
35. Jongerius PH, Rotteveel JJ, van Limbeek J., Gabreëls FJ, van Hulst K., van den Hoogen FJ Botulinum toxin effect on salivary flow rate in children with cerebral palsy. Neurology. 2004 ; 63 (8). 1371-1375.
36. Kay RM, Rethlefsen SA, Fern-Buneo A., Wren TA, Skaggs DL Botulinum toxin as an adjunct to serial casting treatment in children with cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 ; 86-A (11). 2377-2384.
37. Lee LR, Chuang YC, Yang BJ, Hsu MJ, Liu YH Botulinum toxin for lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a single-blinded trial comparing dilution techniques. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 ; 83 (10). 766-773.
38. Love SC, Valentine JP, Blair EM, Price CJ, Cole JH, Chauvel PJ The effect of botulinum toxin type a on the functional ability of the child with spastic hemiplegia a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Neurol. 2001 ; 8 (suppl 5). 50-58.
39. Molenaers G., Desloovere K., Fabry G., De Cock P. The effects of quantitative gait assessment and botulinum toxin a on musculoskeletal surgery in children with cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 ; 88 (1). 161-170.
40. Robertshaw K., Watson L., Parkin T., Morton RE Botulinum toxin a dosage: autonomic function as a measure of side effects. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 ; 47 (11). 792.
41. Ruiz FJ, Guest JF, Lehmann A., et al. Costs and consequences of botulinum toxin type a use. Management of children with cerebral palsy in Germany. Eur J Health Econ. 2004 ; 5 (3). 227-235.
42. Satila HK, Pietikainen T., Lehtonen-Raty P., Koivikko M., Autti-Rämö I. Treatment of spastic equinus gait with botulinum toxin a: does dose matter? Analysis of a clinical cohort. Neuropediatrics. 2006 ; 37 (6). 344-349.
43. Scholtes VA, Dallmeijer AJ, Knol DL, et al. The combined effect of lower-limb multilevel botulinum toxin type a and comprehensive rehabilitation on mobility in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 ; 87 (12). 1551-1558.
44. Wong AM, Chen CL, Chen CP, Chou SW, Chung CY, Chen MJ Clinical effects of botulinum toxin a and phenol block on gait in children with cerebral palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 ; 83 (4). 284-291.
45. Yang TF, Fu CP, Kao NT, Chan RC, Chen SJ Effect of botulinum toxin type a on cerebral palsy with upper limb spasticity. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 ; 82 (4). 284-289.
46. Banerjee KJ, Glasson C., O'Flaherty SJ Parotid and submandibular botulinum toxin a injections for sialorrhoea in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 ; 48 (11). 883-887.
47. El O., Peker O., Kosay C., Bozan O., Berk H. Botulinum toxin a injection for spasticity in diplegic-type cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol. 2006 ; 21 (12). 1009-1012.
48. Falso M., Fiaschi A., Manganotti P. Pedobarometric evaluation of equinus foot disorder after injection of botulinum toxin a in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 ; 47 (6). 396-402.
49. Fattal-Valevski A., Giladi N., Domanievitz D., et al. Parameters for predicting favorable responses to botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol. 2002 ; 17 (4). 272-277.
50. Fazzi E., Maraucci I., Torrielli S., Motta F., Lanzi G. Factors predicting the efficacy of botulinum toxin-a treatment of the lower limb in children with cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol. 2005 ; 20 (8). 661-666.
51. Galli M., Crivellini M., Santambrogio GC, Fazzi E., Motta F. Short-term effects of 'botulinum toxin ag' as treatment for children with cerebral palsy: kinematic and kinetic aspects at the ankle joint. Funct Neurol. 2001 ; 16 (4). 317-323.
52. Galli M., Cimolin V., Valente EM, Crivellini M., Ialongo T., Albertini G. Computerized gait analysis of botulinum toxin treatment in children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil. 2007 ; 29 (8). 659-664. (Pubitemid 46554288)
53. Koman LA, Brashear A., Rosenfeld S., et al. Botulinum toxin type a neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of equinus foot deformity in cerebral palsy: a multicenter, open-label clinical trial. Pediatrics. 2001 ; 108 (5). 1062-1071.
54. Linder M., Schindler G., Michaelis U., et al. Medium-term functional benefits in children with cerebral palsy treated with botulinum toxin type a: 1-year follow-up using gross motor function measure. Eur J Neurol. 2001 ; 8 (suppl 5). 120-126.
55. Manganotti P., Zaina F., Falso M., Milanese F., Fiaschi A. Evaluation of botulinum toxin therapy of spastic equinus in paediatric patients with cerebral palsy. J Rehabil Med. 2007 ; 39 (2). 115-120.
56. Metaxiotis D., Siebel A., Doederlein L. Repeated botulinum toxin a injections in the treatment of spastic equinus foot. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 :(394). 177-185.
57. Molenaers G., Desloovere K., De Cat J., et al. Single event multilevel botulinum toxin type a treatment and surgery: similarities and differences. Eur J Neurol. 2001 ; 8 (suppl 5). 88-97.
58. Papavasiliou AS, Rapidi CA, Filiopoulos C., Rizou C., Skouteli HN Evaluation of a multimodal management of prematurity-related spasticity. Pediatr Neurol. 2006 ; 35 (6). 400-407.
59. Park ES, Park CI, Kim DY, Kim Y. R. The effect of spasticity on cortical somatosensory-evoked potentials: changes of cortical somatosensory-evoked potentials after botulinum toxin type a injection. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 ; 83 (11). 1592-1596.
60. Park ES, Park CI, Chang HC, Park CW, Lee DS The effect of botulinum toxin type a injection into the gastrocnemius muscle on sit-to-stand transfer in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Clin Rehabil. 2006 ; 20 (8). 668-674.
61. Sanger TD, Kukke SN, Sherman-Levine S. Botulinum toxin type b improves the speed of reaching in children with cerebral palsy and arm dystonia: an open-label, dose-escalation pilot study. J Child Neurol. 2007 ; 22 (1). 116-122.
62. Savarese R., Diamond M., Elovic E., Millis SR Intraparotid injection of botulinum toxin a as a treatment to control sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 ; 83 (4). 304-311 ; ; quiz 312-304, 336.
63. Slawek J., Klimont L. Functional improvement in cerebral palsy patients treated with botulinum toxin a injections-preliminary results. Eur J Neurol. 2003 ; 10 (3). 313-317.
64. Van der Burg JJ, Jongerius PH, Van Hulst K., Van Limbeek J., Rotteveel JJ Drooling in children with cerebral palsy: effect of salivary flow reduction on daily life and care. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 ; 48 (2). 103-107.
65. Wallen MA, O'Flaherty SJ, Waugh MC Functional outcomes of intramuscular botulinum toxin type a in the upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy: a phase II trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 ; 85 (2). 192-200.
66. Wong AM, Pei YC, Lui TN, Chen CL, Wang CM, Chung CY Comparison between botulinum toxin type a injection and selective posterior rhizotomy in improving gait performance in children with cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg. 2005 ; 102 (4 suppl). 385-389.
67. Zurcher AW, Molenaers G., Desloovere K., Fabry G. Kinematic and kinetic evaluation of the ankle after intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin a in children with cerebral palsy. Acta Orthop Belg. 2001 ; 67 (5). 475-480.