Morpholino injection in Xenopus

Methods in Molecular Biology

Volumn 843, Issue , 2012, Pages 29-46

  Tandon, Panna ^a   Showell, Chris ^a   Christine, Kathleen ^a   Conlon, Frank L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antisense; Inhibition; Knockdown; Laevis; Microinjection; Morpholino; Splice; Splicing; Translation; Tropicalis; Xenopus

Indexed keywords

CELL EXTRACT; MORPHOLINO OLIGONUCLEOTIDE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL EMBRYO; ARTICLE; CYTOLOGY; GENE SILENCING; GENETICS; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MICROINJECTION; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; WESTERN BLOTTING; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

ANIMALS; BLOTTING, WESTERN; CELL EXTRACTS; EMBRYO, NONMAMMALIAN; GENE KNOCKDOWN TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; MICROINJECTIONS; MORPHOLINOS; PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

VERTEBRATA; XENOPUS LAEVIS; XENOPUS TROPICALIS;

EID: 84856255728     PISSN: 10643745     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_4     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Movassagh, M., and Philpott, A. (2008) Cardiac differentiation in Xenopus requires the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27Xic1, Cardiovasc Res 79, 436-447.
2. Nagao, K., Taniyama, Y., Kietzmann, T., Doi, T., Komuro, I., and Morishita, R. (2008) HIF-1alpha signaling upstream of NKX2.5 is required for cardiac development in Xenopus, J Biol Chem 283, 11841-11849.
3. Kumano, G., Ezal, C., and Smith, W. C. (2006) ADMP2 is essential for primitive blood and heart development in Xenopus, Dev Biol 299, 411-423.
4. Inui, M., Fukui, A., Ito, Y., and Asashima, M. (2006) Xapelin and Xmsr are required for cardiovascular development in Xenopus laevis, Dev Biol 298, 188-200.
5. Zhang, C., Basta, T., and Klymkowsky, M. W. (2005) SOX7 and SOX18 are essential for cardiogenesis in Xenopus, Dev Dyn 234, 878-891.
6. Garriock, R. J., D'Agostino, S. L., Pilcher, K. C., and Krieg, P. A. (2005) Wnt11-R, a protein closely related to mammalian Wnt11, is required for heart morphogenesis in Xenopus, Dev Biol 279, 179-192.
7. Small, E. M., Warkman, A. S., Wang, D. Z., Sutherland, L. B., Olson, E. N., and Krieg, P. A. (2005) Myocardin is sufficient and necessary for cardiac gene expression in Xenopus, Development 132, 987-997.
8. Hilton, E. N., Manson, F. D., Urquhart, J. E., Johnston, J. J., Slavotinek, A. M., Hedera, P., Stattin, E. L., Nordgren, A., Biesecker, L. G., and Black, G. C. (2007) Left-sided embryonic expression of the BCL-6 corepressor, BCOR, is required for vertebrate laterality determination, Hum Mol Genet 16, 1773-1782.
9. Bartlett, H. L., and Weeks, D. L. (2008) Lessons from the lily pad: Using Xenopus to understand heart disease, Drug Discov Today Dis Models 5, 141-146.
10. Draper, B. W., Morcos, P. A., and Kimmel, C. B. (2001) Inhibition of zebrafish fgf8 pre-mRNA splicing with morpholino oligos: a quantifiable method for gene knockdown, Genesis 30, 154-156.
11. Heasman, J., Kofron, M., and Wylie, C. (2000) Beta-catenin signaling activity dissected in the early Xenopus embryo: a novel antisense approach, Dev Biol 222, 124-134.
12. Nutt, S. L., Bronchain, O. J., Hartley, K. O., and Amaya, E. (2001) Comparison of morpholino based translational inhibition during the development of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis, Genesis 30, 110-113.
13. Moulton, J. D. (2007) Using morpholinos to control gene expression, Curr Protoc Nucleic Acid Chem Chapter 4, Unit 4 30.
14. Summerton, J. E. (2007) Morpholino, siRNA, and S-DNA compared: impact of structure and mechanism of action on off-target effects and sequence specificity, Curr Top Med Chem 7, 651-660.
15. Bill, B. R., Petzold, A. M., Clark, K. J., Schimmenti, L. A., and Ekker, S. C. (2009) A primer for morpholino use in zebrafish, Zebrafish 6, 69-77.
16. Eisen, J. S., and Smith, J. C. (2008) Controlling morpholino experiments: don't stop making antisense, Development 135, 1735-1743.
17. Morcos, P. A. (2007) Achieving targeted and quantifiable alteration of mRNA splicing with Morpholino oligos, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 358, 521-527.
18. Dagle, J. M., and Weeks, D. L. (2001) Oligonucleotide-based strategies to reduce gene expression, Differentiation 69, 75-82.
19. Knudsen, H., and Nielsen, P. E. (1996) Antisense properties of duplex- and triplex-forming PNAs, Nucleic Acids Res 24, 494-500.
20. Ubbels, G. A., Hara, K., Koster, C. H., and Kirschner, M. W. (1983) Evidence for a functional role of the cytoskeleton in determination of the dorsoventral axis in Xenopus laevis eggs, J Embryol Exp Morphol 77, 15-37.
21. Summerton, J. E. (2005) Endo-Porter: a novel reagent for safe, effective delivery of substances into cells, Ann N Y Acad Sci 1058, 62-75.
22. Falk, J., Drinjakovic, J., Leung, K. M., Dwivedy, A., Regan, A. G., Piper, M., and Holt, C. E. (2007) Electroporation of cDNA/Morpholinos to targeted areas of embryonic CNS in Xenopus, BMC Dev Biol 7, 107.
23. Christine, K. S., and Conlon, F. L. (2008) Vertebrate CASTOR is required for differentiation of cardiac precursor cells at the ventral midline, Dev Cell 14, 616-623.
24. Brown, D. D., Martz, S. N., Binder, O., Goetz, S. C., Price, B. M., Smith, J. C., and Conlon, F. L. (2005) Tbx5 and Tbx20 act synergistically to control vertebrate heart morphogenesis, Development 132, 553-563.