Endocrinology of tick development and reproduction

Ticks: Biology, Disease and Control

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 143-163

  Rees, H H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856209975     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511551802.008     Document Type: Chapter

References (161)

1. Aeschlimann, A. A. (1968). La ponte chez Ornithodoros moubataMurray (Ixodoidea: Argasidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie75, 1033–1039.
2. Allan, S. A., Phillips, J. S., Taylor, D. & Sonenshine, D. E. (1988). Genital sex pheromones of ixodid ticks: evidence for the role of fatty acids from the anterior reproductive tract in mating of Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor andersoni. Journal of Insect Physiology34, 315–323.
3. Arrieta, M. C., Leskiw, B. K. & Kaufman W. R. (2006). Antimicrobial activity in the egg wax of the African cattle tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology39, 297–313.
4. Assenga, S. P., You, M., Shy, C. H., et al.(2006). The use of a recombinant baculovirus expressing a chitinase from the hard tick Haemophysalis longicornis and its potential application as a bioacaricide for tick control. Parasitology Research98, 111–118.
5. Bassal, T. T. M. & Roshdy, M. A. (1974). Argas (Persicargas) arboreus: juvenile hormone analog termination of diapauses and oviposition control. Experimental Parasitology36, 34–39.
6. Bell´es, X. (1998). Endocrine effectors in insect vitellogenesis. In Recent Advances in Arthropod Endocrinology, eds. Coast, G. M. & Webster, S. G., 71–90. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Tick endocrinology 157
7. Binnington, K. C. (1981). Ultrastructural evidence for the endocrine nature of the lateral organs of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Tissue and Cell13, 475–490.
8. Binnington, K. C. (1987). Histology and ultrastructure of the acarine synganglion. In The Arthropod Brain: Its Evolution, Development, Structure, and Functions, ed. Gupta, A. P., 95–109. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
9. Binnington, K. C. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (1982). Structure and function of the circulatory, nervous and neuroendocrine systems of ticks. In Physiology of Ticks, eds. Obenchain, F. D. & Galun, R., 351–398. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
10. Bouvier, J., Diehl, P. A. & Morici, M. (1982). Ecdysone metabolism in the tick Ornithodoros moubata (Argasidae, Ixodoidea). Revue suisse de Zoologie89, 967–976.
11. Campbell, J. D. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (1984). Membrane feeding and developmental effects of ingested β-ecdysone on Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae). In Acarology VI, vol. 1, eds. Griffiths, D. A. & Bowman, C. E., 393–399.
12. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood. Chang, E. S. & Kaufman W. R. (2004). Endocrinology of crustaceans and arachnids. In Comprehensive Insect Science, vol. 3, Endocrinology, eds. Gilbert, L. I., Iatrou, K. & Gill, S., 805–842. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
13. Chinzei, Y. (1986). Vitellogenin biosynthesis and processing in a soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata. In Host Regulated Development Mechanisms in Vector Arthropods, eds. Borovsky, D. & Spielman, A., 18–24. Vero Beach, FL: University of Florida Press.
14. Chinzei, Y. & Taylor, D. (1990). Regulation of vitellogenesis induction by engorgement in the soft tick (Ornithodoros moubata). Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction5, 565–570.
15. Chinzei, Y. & Yano, I. (1985). Fat body is the site of vitellogenin synthesis in the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. Journal of Comparative Physiology B155, 671–678.
16. Chinzei, Y., Chino, H. & Takahashi, K. (1983). Purification and properties of vitellogenin and vitellin from a tick Ornithodoros moubata. Journal of Comparative Physiology152, 13–21.
17. Chinzei, Y., Taylor, D. & Ando, K. (1991). Effects of juvenile hormone and its analogs on vitellogenin synthesis and ovarian development in Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: argasidae). Journal of Medical Entomology28, 506–513.
18. Chinzei, Y., Taylor, D., Miura, K. & Ando, K. (1992). Vitellogenesis induction by synganglion factor in adult female tick, Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae). Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan1, 15–26.
19. Connat, J.-L. (1987). Aspects endocrinologiques de la physiologie du d´eveloppement et de la reproduction chez le tiques. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Bourgogne, France.
20. Connat, J.-L. & Diehl, P. A. (1986). Probable occurrence of ecdysteroid fatty acid esters in different classes of arthropods. Insect Biochemistry16, 91–97.
21. Connat, J.-L. & Dotson, E. M. (1988). Comparative investigation of the egg ecdysteroids of ticks using radioimmunoassay and metabolic studies. Journal of Insect Physiology34, 639–645.
22. Connat, J.-L. & Nepa, M.-C. (1990). Effects of different anti-juvenile hormone agents on the fecundity of the female tick Ornithodoros moubata. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology37, 266–274.
23. Connat, J.-L., Delbecque, J.-P., Alabouvette, J. & Pitoizet, N. (1997). Evolution of ecdysteroids and of their apolar conjugates during the post-embryonic development of the tick Ornithodoros moubata. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology35, 159–168.
24. Connat, J.-L., Diehl, P. A., Dumont, N., Carminati, S. & Thompson, M. J. (1983). Effects of exogenous ecdysteroids on the female tick, Ornithodoros moubata: induction of supermolting and influence on oogenesis. Zeitschrift f¨ur angewandte Entomologie96, 520–530.
25. Connat, J.-L., Diehl, P. A., Gfeller, H. & Morici, M. (1985). Ecdysteroids in females and eggs of the ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum. International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development8, 103–116.
26. Connat, J.-L., Diehl, P. A. & Morici, M. (1984). Metabolism of ecdysteroids during the vitellogenesis of the tick Ornithodoros moubata (Ixodoidea: Argasidae): accumulation of apolar metabolites in the eggs. General and Comparative Endocrinology56, 100–110.
27. Connat, J.-L., Diehl, P. A. & Thompson, M. J. (1986). Possible inactivation of ingested ecdysteroids by conjugation with long-chain fatty acids in the female tick Ornithodoros moubata (Acarina: Argasidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology3, 235–252.
28. Connat, J.-L., Dotson, E. M. & Diehl, P. A. (1987). Metabolism of ecdysteroids in the female tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): accumulation of free ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the eggs. Journal of Comparative Physiology B157, 689–699.
29. Connat, J.-L., Dotson, E. M. & Diehl, P. A. (1988). Apolar conjugates of ecdysteroids are not used as a storage form of molting hormone in the argasid tick Ornithodoros moubata. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology9, 221–235.
30. Connat, J.-L., Ducommun, J. & Diehl, P. A. (1983). Juvenile hormone-like substances can induce vitellogenesis in the tick 158 H. H. REES Ornithodoros moubata (Acarina: Argasidae). International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction6, 285–294.
31. Connat, J.-L., Ducommun, J., Diehl, P. A. & Aeschlimann, A. (1986). Some aspects of the control of the gonotrophic cycle in the tick Ornithodoros moubata (Ixodoidea, Argasidae). In Morphology, Physiology, and Behavioral Biology of Ticks, eds. Sauer, J. R. & Hair, J. A., 194–216.
32. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood. Connat, J.-L., Lafont, R. & Diehl, P. A. (1986). Metabolism of [3H]ecdysone by isolated tissues of the female ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology47, 257–267.
33. Crosby, T., Evershed, R. P., Lewis, D., Wigglesworth, K. P. & Rees, H. H. (1986). Identification of ecdysone 22-long chain fatty acyl esters in newly laid eggs of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Biochemical Journal240, 131–138.
34. Davis, H. H., Dotson, E. M. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (1994). Localization of insulin-like immunoreactivity in the synganglion of nymphal and adult Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology18, 111–122.
35. Dees, W. H., Sonenshine, D. E. & Breidling, E. (1984). Ecdysteroids in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae), during different periods of tick development. Journal of Medical Entomology21, 514–523.
36. Dees, W. H., Sonenshine, D. E. & Breidling, E. (1984). Ecdysteroids in Hyalomma dromedarii and Dermacentor variabilisand their effects on sex pheromone activity. In Acarology VI, vol. 1, eds. Griffiths, D. A. & Bowman, C. E., 405–413. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood.
37. Dees, W. H., Sonenshine, D. E. & Briedling, E. (1985). Ecdysteroids in the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) and comparison with sex pheromone activity. Journal of Medical Entomology22, 22–27.
38. Delbecque, J. P., Diehl, P. A. & O’Connor, J. D. (1978). Presence of ecdysone and ecdysterone in the tick Amblyomma hebraeum Koch. Experientia34, 1379–1381.
39. Diehl, P. A., Connat, J.-L. & Dotson, E. M. (1986). Chemistry, function, and metabolism of tick ecdysteroids. In Morphology, Physiology and Behavioural Biology of Ticks, eds. Sauer, J. R. & Hair, J. H., 165–193. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood.
40. Diehl, P. A., Connat, J.-L., Girault, J. P. & Lafont, R. (1985). A new class of apolar ecdysteroid conjugates: esters of 20-hydroxy-ecdysone with long-chain fatty acids in ticks. International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development8, 1–13.
41. Diehl, P. A., Germond, J. E. & Morici, M. (1982). Correlations between ecdysteroid titres and integument structure in nymphs of the tick, Amblyomma hebraeum Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie89, 859–868.
42. Dinan, L. (1997). Ecdysteroids in adults and eggs of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus(Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B116, 129–135.
43. Donahue, W. A., Teel, P. D., Strey, O. F. & Meola, R. W. (1997). Pyriproxyfen effects on newly engorged larvae and nymphs of the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology34, 206–211.
44. Dotson, E. M., Connat, J.-L. & Diehl, P. A. (1991). Cuticle deposition and ecdysteroid titres during embryonic and larval development of the argasid tick Ornithodoros moubata. General and Comparative Endocrinology82, 386–400.
45. Dotson, E. M., Connat, J.-L. & Diehl, P. A. (1993). Metabolism of [3H]ecdysone in embryos and larvae of the tick Ornithodoros moubata. Archives of Insect Biochemisty and Physiology23, 67–78.
46. Dotson, E. M., Connat, J.-L. & Diehl, P. A. (1995). Ecdysteroid titre and metabolism and cuticle deposition during embryogenesis of the ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Koch). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B110, 155–166.
47. Dumber, J. B. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (1981). Kinetics of spermatogenesis, cell cycle analysis, and testis development in nymphs of the tick Dermacentor variabilis. Journal of Insect Physiology27, 743–753.
48. El-Said, A., Swiderski, Z., Aeschlimann, A. & Diehl, P. A. (1981). Fine structure of spermiogenesis in the tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Acari: Ixodidae): late stages of differentiation and structure of the mature spermatozoon. Journal of Medical Entomology18, 464–476.
49. Friesen, K. J. & Kaufman W. R. (2002). Quantification of vitellogenesis and its control by 20-hydroxyecdysone in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Journal of Insect Physiology48, 773–782.
50. Friesen, K. J. & Kaufman W. R. (2003). Cypermethrin inhibits egg development in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology76, 25–35.
51. Friesen, K. J. & Kaufman W. R. (2004). Effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone and other hormones on egg development, and identification of a vitellin-binding protein in the ovary of the tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Journal of Insect Physiology50, 519–529.
52. Friesen, K. J., Suri, R. & Kaufman W. R. (2003). Effects of the avermectin, MK-243, on ovary development and Tick endocrinology 159 salivary gland degeneration in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology76, 82–90.
53. Gade, G., Hoffmann, K. H. & Spring, J. (1997). Hormonal regulation in insects: facts, gaps, and future directions. Physiological Reviews77, 963–1032.
54. Germond, J.-E., Diehl, P. A. & Morici, M. (1982). Correlations between integument structure and ecdysteroid titres in fifth-stage nymphs of the tick, Ornithodoros moubata. General and Comparative Endocrinology46, 255–266.
55. Gilbert, L. I., Iatrou, K. & Gill, S. (eds.) (2004). Comprehensive Insect Science, vol. 3, Endocrinology.
56. Amsterdam: Elsevier. GoodmanW. & Granger, N. (2004). The juvenile hormone. In Comprehensive Insect Science, vol. 3, Endocrinology, eds. Gilbert, L. I., Iatrou, K. & Gill, S., 319–408.
57. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Guo, X., Harmon, M. A., Laudet, V., Mangelsdorf, D. J. & Palmer, M. J. (1997). Isolation of a functional ecdysteroid receptor homologue from the ixodid tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology27, 945–962.
58. Guo, X., Xu, Q., Harmon, M. A., et al.(1998). Isolation of two functional retinoid X receptor subtypes from the Ixodid tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology139, 45–60.
59. Hamilton, J. G. C. (1992). The role of pheromones in tick biology. Parasitology Today8, 130–133.
60. Hammock, B. D. (1985). Regulation of juvenile hormone titer: degradation. In Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol. 7, eds. Kerkut, G. A. & Gilbert, L. I, 431–472. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
61. Harris, R A. & Kaufman W. R. (1981). Hormonal control of salivary gland degeneration in the ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum. Journal of Insect Physiology27, 241–243.
62. Harris, R. A. & KaufmanW. R. (1984). Neural involvement in the control of salivary gland degeneration in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Journal of Experimental Biology109, 281–290.
63. Harris, R. A. & Kaufman W. R. (1985). Ecdysteroids: possible candidates for the hormone which triggers salivary gland degeneration in the ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum. Experientia41, 740–742.
64. Hayward, D. C., Bastiani, M. J., Trueman, J. W. H., et al.(1999). The sequence of Locusta RXR, homologous to Drosophila Ultraspiracle, and its evolutionary implications. Development Genes and Evolution209, 564–571.
65. Henrich V. (2004). The ecdysteroid receptor (EcR). In Comprehensive Insect Science, vol. 3, Endocrinology, eds. Gilbert, L. I., Iatrou, K. & Gill, S., 245–285.
66. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Henrich V. C., Rybczynski, R. & Gilbert, L. I. (1999). Peptide hormones, and puffs: mechanisms and models in insect development. Vitamins and Hormones – Advances in Research and Applications55, 73–125.
67. Hoffmann, K. H., Meyering-Vos, M. & Lorenz, M. W. (1999). Allatostatins and allatotropins: is the regulation of corpora allata activity their primary function? European Journal of Entomology96, 255–266.
68. Holmes, S. P., Barhoumit, R., Nachman, R. J. & Pietrantonio, P. V. (2003). Functional analysis of a G protein-coupled receptor from the Southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) identifies it as the first arthropod myokinin receptor. Insect Molecular Biology12, 27–38.
69. Holmes, S. P., He, H., Chen, A. C., Ivie, G.W. & Pietrantonio, P. V. (2000). Cloning and transcriptional expression of a leucokinin-like peptide receptor from the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Insect Molecular Biology9, 457–465.
70. Isaac, R. E. & Slinger, A. J. (1989). Storage and excretion of ecdysteroids. In Ecdysone, ed. Koolman, J., 250–253.
71. Stuttgart, Germany: G. Thieme. Iwami M., Kawakami A., Ishizaki, H., et al.(1989). Cloning of a gene encoding bombyxin, an insulin-like brain secretory peptide of the silkmoth Bombyx mori with prothoracicotropic activity. Development Growth and Differentiation31, 31–37.
72. Jaffe, H., Hayes, K. K., Sonenshine, D. E., et al.(1986). Controlled release reservoirs system for the delivery of insect steroid analogues against ticks. Journal of Medical Entomology23, 685–691.
73. James, A. M. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (1997). Purification and partial characterization of vitellin from the black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology27, 639–649.
74. Jarvis, T. D., Earley, F. G. & Rees, H. H. (1994). Ecdysteroid biosynthesis in larval testes of Spodoptera littoralis. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology24, 531–537.
75. Kaufman W. R. (1989). Tick–host interaction: a synthesis of current concepts. Parasitology Today5, 47–56.
76. Kaufman W. R. (1991). Correlation between haemolymph ecdysteroid titre, salivary gland degeneration and ovarian development in the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum Koch. Journal of Insect Physiology37, 95–99.
77. Khalil, G. M. (1970). Biochemistry and physiological studies on certain ticks (Ixodoidea): gonad development and gametogenesis in Hyalomma (H.) anatolicum excavatum 160 H. H. REES Koch (Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology56, 596–610.
78. Khalil, G. M., Sonenshine, D. E., Hanafy, H. A. & Abdelmonem, A. E. (1984). Juvenile hormone I effects on the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology21, 561–566.
79. Kozlova, T. & Thummel, C. S. (2000). Steroid regulation of postembryonic development and reproduction in Drosophila. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism11, 276–280.
80. Kubo, I., Komatsu, S., Asaka, Y. & De Boer, G. (1987). Isolation and identification of apolar metabolites of ingested 20-hydroxyecdysone in frass of Heliothis virescens larvae. Journal of Chemical Ecology13, 785–794.
81. Kulcsar, P., Prestwich, G. G. & Sonenshine, D. E. (1989). Detection of binding proteins for juvenile hormone-like substances in ticks by photoaffinity labelling. In Host Regulated Developmental Mechanisms in Vector Arthropods, eds. Borovsky, D. & Spielman, A., 18–23. Vero Beach, FL: University of Florida Press.
82. Lafont, R. & Connat, J.-L. (1989). Pathways of ecdysone metabolism. In Ecdysone, ed. Koolman, J., 167–173.
83. Stuttgart, Germany: G. Thieme. Lafont, R., Dauphin-Villemant, C., Warren, J. & Rees, H. H. (2004). Ecdysteroid chemistry and biochemistry. In Comprehensive Insect Science, vol. 3, Endocrinology, eds. Gilbert, L. I., Iatrou, K. & Gill, S., 125–195.
84. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Leahy M. G. & Booth, K. S. (1980). Precocene induction of tick sterility and ecdysis failure. Journal of Medical Entomology17, 18–21.
85. Leid, M., Kastner, P. & Chambon, P. (1992). Multiplicity generates diversity in the retinoic acid signalling pathway. Trends in Biochemical Sciences17, 427–433.
86. Lees, K. & Bowman, A. S. (2007). Tick neurobiology: recent advances and the post-genomic era. Invertebrate Neuroscience7, 183–198.
87. Liang, J., Zhang, J., Lai, R. & Rees, H. H. (2005). An opioid peptide from synganglia of the tick, Amblyomma testindinarium. Peptides26, 603–606.
88. Lindsay, P. J. & Kaufman W. R. (1988). Action of some steroids on salivary gland degeneration in the ixodid tick, A. americanum. Journal of Insect Physiology34, 351–359.
89. Loeb, M. J., Brandt, E. P., Woods, C. W. & Borkovec, A. B. (1987). An ecdysiotropic factor from brains of Heliothis virescens induces testes to produce immunodetectable ecdysteroid in vitro. Journal of Experimental Zoology243, 275–282.
90. Lomas, L. O. & Rees, H. H. (1998). Endocrine regulation of development and reproduction in acarines. In Recent Advances in Arthropod Endocrinology, eds. Coast, G. M. & Webster, S. G., 91–124. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
91. Lomas, L. O., Turner, P. C. & Rees, H. H. (1997). A novel neuropeptide–endocrine interaction controlling ecdysteroid production in ixodid ticks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B264, 589–596.
92. Lunke, M. D. & Kaufman W. R. (1993). Hormonal control of ovarian development in the tick Amblyomma hebraeum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development23, 25–38.
93. Magee, R. M., Jones, L. D. & Rees, H. H. (1996). Ecdysteroids in relation to adult development and reproduction in female Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology31, 197–206.
94. Mangelsdorf, D. J. & Evans, R. M. (1995). The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell83, 841–850.
95. Mango, C., Odhiambo, T. R. & Galun, R. (1976). Ecdysone and the super tick. Nature260, 318–319.
96. Mao, H. & Kaufman W. R. (1998). DNA binding properties of the ecdysteroid receptor in the salivary gland of the female ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology28, 947–957.
97. Mao, H. & Kaufman W. R. (1999). Profile of the ecdysteroid hormone and its receptor in the salivary gland of the adult female tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology29, 33–42.
98. Mao, H., McBlain, W. A. & Kaufman W. R. (1995). Some properties of the ecdysteroid receptor in the salivary gland of the ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. General and Comparative Endocrinology99, 340–348.
99. Marzouk, A. S., Mohamed, F. S. A. & Khalil, G. M. (1985). Neurohemal–endocrine organs in the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology22, 385–391.
100. McSwain, J. L., Tucker, J. S., Essenberg, R. C. & Sauer, J. R. (1989). Brain factor induced formation of inositol phosphates in tick salivary glands. Insect Biochemistry19, 343–349.
101. N¨assel, D. R. (1996). Neuropeptides, amines, and amino acids in an elementary insect ganglion: functional and chemical anatomy of the unfused abdominal ganglion. Progress in Neurobiology48, 325–420.
102. Neese, P. A., Sonenshine, D. E., Kallapur, V. L., Apperson, C. S. & Roe, R. M. (2000). Absence of insect juvenile hormones in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis Tick endocrinology 161 (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae), and in Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley (Acari: Argasidae). Journal of Insect Physiology46, 477–490.
103. Neupert, S., Predel, R., Russell, W. K., et al.(2005). Identification of tick periviscerokinin, the first neurohormone of Ixodidae: single cell analysis by means of MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications338, 1860–1864.
104. Obenchain, F. D. & Mango, C. K. A. (1980). Effects of exogenous ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones on female reproductive development in Ornithodoros p. porcinus. American Zoologist 20, Abstract No. 1192.
105. Obenchain, F. D. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (1975). Neurosecretory system of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). II. Distribution of secretory cell types, axonal pathways and putative nerohemal–neuroendocrine associations: comparative histological and anatomical implications. Journal of Morphology145, 269–294.
106. Ogihara, K. (2003). Ecdysteroid hormone titer and expression of ecdysone receptor mRNA as related to vitellogenesis in the soft tick, Ornothodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae). Unpublished M.Ag.Sci. thesis, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
107. Oliver, J. H. Jr (1986). Relationship among feeding, gametogenesis, mating and syngamy in ticks. In Host Regulated Development Mechanisms in Vector Arthropods, eds. Borovsky, D. & Spielman, A., 93–99. Vero Beach, FL: University of Florida Press.
108. Oliver, J. H. Jr (1986). Induction of oogenesis and oviposition in ticks. In Morphology, Physiology and Behavioural Biology of Ticks, eds. Sauer, J. R. & Hair, J. A., 233–247.
109. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood. Oliver, J. H. Jr & Dotson, E. M. (1993). Hormonal control of molting and reproduction in ticks. American Zoologist33, 384–396.
110. Oliver, J. H. Jr, Zhu, X. X., Vogel, G. N. & Dotson, E. M. (1992). Role of synganglion in oogenesis of the tick Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae). Journal of Parasitology78, 93–98.
111. Palmer, M. J., Harmon, M. A. & Laudet, V. (1999). Characterization of EcR and RXR homologues in the Ixodid tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). American Zoologist39, 747–757.
112. Palmer, M. J., Warren, J. T., Jin, X., Guo, X. & Gilbert, L. I. (2002). Developmental profiles of ecdysteroids, ecdysteroid receptor mRNAs and DNA binding properties of ecdysteroid receptors in the ixodid tick Amblyomma americanum (L.). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology32, 465–476.
113. Pound, J. M. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (1979). Juvenile hormone: evidence of its role in the reproduction of ticks. Science206, 355–357.
114. Pound, J. M. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (1982). Synganglial and neurosecretory morphology of female Ornithodoros parkeri (Cooley) (Acari: Argasidae). Journal of Morphology173, 159–177.
115. Pound, J. M., Oliver, J. H. Jr & Andrews, R. H. (1984). Induction of apolysis and cuticle formation in female Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae) by hemocoelic injections of β-ecdysone. Journal of Medical Entomology21, 612–614.
116. Rees, H. H. (2004). Hormonal control of tick development and reproduction. Parasitology129, S127–S143.
117. Rees, H. H. & Isaac, R. E. (1984). Biosynthesis of ovarian ecdysteroid phosphates and their metabolic fate during embryogenesis in Schistocerca gregaria. In Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Mode of Action of Invertebrate Hormones, eds. Hoffmann, J. & Porchet, M., 181–195. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
118. Riddiford, L. M. (1996). Juvenile hormone: the status of its ‘status quo’ action. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology32, 271–286.
119. Riddiford, L. M., Cherbas, P. & Truman, J. W. (2001). Ecdysone receptors and their biological actions. Vitamins and Hormones – Advances in Research and Applications60, 1–73.
120. Robinson, P. D., Morgan, E. D., Wilson, Y. D. & Lafont, R. (1987). The metabolism of ingested and injected [3H]ecdysone by final instar larvae of Heliothis armigera. Physiological Entomology12, 321–330.
121. Rosell, R. & Coons, L. B. (1991). Purification and partial characterization of vitellin from the eggs of the hard tick Dermacentor variabilis. Insect Biochemistry21, 871–885.
122. Rosell, R. & Coons, L. B. (1992). The role of the fat body, midgut and ovary in vitellogenin production and vitellogenesis in the female tick Dermacentor variabilis. International Journal for Parasitology22, 341–349.
123. Rosell-Davis, R. & Coons, L. B. (1989). Relationship between feeding, mating, vitellogenin production and vitellogenesis in tick Dermacentor variabilis. Experimental and Applied Acarology7, 95–105.
124. Sankhon, N., Lockey, T., Rosell, R. C., Rothschild, M. & Coons, L. (1999). Effect of methoprene and 20-hydroxyecdysone on vitellogenin production in cultured 162 H. H. REES fat bodies and backless explants from unfed female Dermacentor variabilis. Journal of Insect Physiology45, 755–761.
125. Sannasi, A. & Subramoniam, T. (1972). Hormonal rupture of larval diapause in the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Lat.). Experientia28, 666–667.
126. Sauer, J. R., Essenberg, R. C. & Bowman, A. S. (2000). Salivary glands in ixodid ticks: control and mechanism of secretion. Journal of Insect Physiology46, 1069–1078.
127. Sauer, J. R., McSwain, J. L., Bowman, A. S. & Essenberg, R. C. (1995). Tick salivary gland physiology. Annual Review of Entomology40, 245–267.
128. Schriefer, M. E. (1991). Vitellogenesis in Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae): a model for analysis of endocrine regulation in ixodid ticks. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Old Dominion University & East Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.
129. Shanbaky, N. M. & Khalil, G. M. (1975). The sub-genus Persicargus (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). XXII. The effect of feeding on hormonal control of egg development in Argas (Persicargas) arboreus. Experimental Parasitology37, 361–366.
130. Shanbaky, N. M., Mansour, M. M., Main, A. J., El-Said, A. & Helmy, N. (1990). Hormonal control of vitellogenesis in Argas (Argas) hermanni (Acari: Argasidae). Journal of Medical Entomology27, 968–974.
131. Shepherd, J., Oliver, J. H. Jr & Hall, J. D. (1982). A polypeptide from male accessory glands which triggers maturation of tick spermatozoa. International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction5, 129–137.
132. Slinger, A. J. & Isaac, R. E. (1988). Ecdysteroid titers during embryogenesis of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Journal of Insect Physiology34, 1119–1125.
133. Smith, W. A., Varghese, A. H., Healy, M. S. & Lou, K. J. (1996). Cyclic & is a prerequisite messenger in the action of big PTTH in the prothoracic glands of pupal Manduca sexta. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology26, 161–170.
134. Soller, M., Bownes, M. & Kubli, E. (1999). Control of oocyte maturation in sexually mature Drosophila females. Developmental Biology208, 337–351.
135. Solomon, K. R., Mango, C. K. A. & Obenchain, F. D. (1982). Endocrine mechanisms in ticks: effects of insect hormones and their mimics on development and reproduction. In Physiology of Ticks, eds. Obenchain, F. D. & Galun, R., 399–438. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
136. Sonenshine, D. E. (1986). Tick pheromones: an overview. In Morphology, Physiology, and Behavioural Biology of Ticks, eds. Sauer, J. R. & Hair, J. A., 342–360. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood.
137. Sonenshine, D. E. (1991). Biology of Ticks, vol. 1. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
138. Sonenshine, D. E., Roe, R. M., Venkatesh, K., et al.(1989). Biochemical evidence of the occurrence of a juvenoid in ixodid ticks. In Host Regulated Developmental Mechanisms in Vector Arthropods, eds. Borovsky, D. & Spielman, A., 9–17. Vero Beach, FL: University of Florida Press.
139. Stauffer, A. & Connat, J.-L. (1990). Anteroposterior gradient during nymphal–adult moulting cycle of the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum (Acarina: Ixodidae): correlations between ecdysteroid titers and integument structure. Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology198, 309–321.
140. Strey, O. F., Teel, P. D. & Longnecker, M. T. (2001). Effects of pyriproxyfen on off-host water-balance and survival of adult lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology38, 589–595.
141. Taneja-Bageshwar, S., Strey, A., Zubrzak, P., Pietrantonio, P. V. & Nachman, R. J. (2006). Comparative structure–activity analysis of insect kinin core analogs on recombinant kinin receptors from southern cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology62, 128–140.
142. Taylor, D., Chinzei, Y., Ito, K., Higuchi, N. & Ando, K. (1991). Stimulation of vitellogenesis by pyrethroids in mated and virgin female adults, and fourth instar females of Ornithodoros moubata. Journal of Medical Entomology28, 322–329.
143. Taylor, D., Chinzei, Y., Miura, K. & Ando, K. (1991). Vitellogenin synthesis, processing and hormonal regulation in the tick, Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae). Insect Biochemistry21, 723–733.
144. Taylor, D., Nakajima, Y. & Chinzei, Y. (2000). Ecdysteroids and vitellogenesis in the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae). In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens: Into the 21st Century, eds. Kazim´ırova, M., Labuda, M. & Nuttall, P. A., 223–227.
145. Taylor, D., Sonenshine, D. E. & Phillips, J. S. (1991). Ecdysteroids as a component of the genital sex pheromone in two species of hard ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology12, 275–296.
146. Thompson, D. M., Khalil, S. M. S., Jeffers, L. A., et al.(2005). In vivorole of 20-hydroxyecdysone in the regulation of the vitellogenin mRNA and egg development in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Journal of Insect Physiology51, 1105–1116.
147. Thummel, C. S. (2001). Molecular mechanisms of developmental timing in C. elegans and Drosophila. Developmental Cell1, 453–465.
148. Thummel, C. S. (2002). Ecdysone-regulated puff genes 2000. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology32, 113–120.
149. Tomaschko, K.-H. (1994). Ecdysteroids from Pycnogonium litorale(Arthropoda, Pantopoda) act as chemical defense against Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda). Journal of Chemical Ecology20, 1445–1455.
150. Venkatesh, K., Roe, R. M., Apperson, C. S., et al.(1990). Metabolism of juvenile hormone during adult development of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology27, 36–42.
151. Wainwright, G. & Rees, H. H. (2001). Hormonal regulation of reproductive development in crustaceans. In Enviroment and Animal Development, eds. Atkinson, D. & Thorndyke, M., 71–84. Oxford, UK: Bios.
152. Weiss, B. L. & Kaufman W. R. (2001). The relationship between ‘critical weight’ and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the female ixodid tick, Amblyomma hebraeum. Journal of Insect Physiology47, 1261–1267.
153. Whitehead, D. L., Osir, E. W., Obenchain, F. D. & Thomas, L. S. (1986). Evidence for the presence of ecdysteroids and preliminary characterization of their carrier proteins in the eggs of the brown ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Neumann). Insect Biochemistry19, 112–133.
154. Wigglesworth, K. P., Lewis, D. & Rees, H. H. (1985). Ecdysteroid titre and metabolism of novel apolar derivatives in adult female Boophilus microplus (Ixodidae). Archives of Insect Biochemisty and Physiology2, 39–54.
155. Wright, J. E. (1969). Hormonal temination of larval diapauses in Dermacentor albipictus. Science163, 390–391.
156. Zhou, J., Liao, M., Hatta, T., et al.(2006). Identification of a follistatin-related protein from the tick Haemophysalis longicornis and its effect on tick oviposition. Gene372, 191–198.
157. Zhu, X. X. & Oliver, J. H. Jr (2001). Cockroach allatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the synganglion (Acari: Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology25, 1005–1013.
158. Zhu, X. X., Oliver, J. H. Jr & Dotson, E. M. (1991). Immunocytochemical localization of an insulin-like substance in the synganglion of the tick, Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology13, 153–159.
159. Zhu, X. X., Oliver, J. H. Jr & Dotson, E. M. (1991). Epidermis as the source of ecdysone in an argasid tick. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA88, 3744–3747.
160. Zhu, X. X., Oliver, J. H. Jr, Dotson, E. M. & Ren, H. L. (1994). Correlation between ecdysteroids and cuticulogenesis in nymphs of the tick Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae). Journal of Medical Entomology31, 479–485.
161. Zwijsen, A., Blockx, H., Van Arnhem, W., et al.(1994). Characterization of a rat C6 glioma-secreted follistatinrelated protein (FRP): cloning and sequence of the human homologue. European Journal of Biochemistry225, 937–946.