Effects of partial replacement of fish meal protein by microalgae on growth, feed intake, and body composition of Atlantic cod

North American Journal of Aquaculture

Volumn 73, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 76-83

  Walker, Abigail B ^a   Berlinsky, David L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; GADUS MORHUA; ISOCHRYSIS SP.; NANNOCHLOROPSIS SP.;

EID: 84856208167     PISSN: 15222055     EISSN: 15488454     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15222055.2010.549030     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Ahlgren, G., I. Gustafsson, and M. Boberg. 1992. Fatty acid content and chemical composition of freshwater microalgae. Journal of Phycology 28:37-50.
2. Aksnes, A., B. Hope, O. Hostmark, and S. Albrektsen. 2006. Inclusion of size fractionated fish hydrolysate in high plant protein diets for Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Aquaculture 261:1102-1110.
3. Albrektsen, S., H. Mundheim, and A. Aksnes. 2006. Growth, feed efficiency, digestibility and nutrient distribution in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed two different fish meal qualities at three dietary levels of vegetable protein sources. Aquaculture 261:626-640.
4. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2006. Official methods of analysis, 18th edition. AOAC, Arlington, Virginia.
5. Badwy, T. M., E. M. Ibrahim, and M. M. Zeinhom. 2008. Partial replacement of fish meal with dried microalga (Chlorella spp. and Scenedesmus spp.) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. Pages 801-810 in H. Elghobashy, K. Fitzsimmons, and A. S. Diab, editors. From the pharaohs to the future: proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. Egypt Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo.
6. Barrows, F. T., D. A. J. Stone, and R. W. Hardy. 2007. The effects of extrusion conditions on the nutritional value of soybean meal for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 265:244-252.
7. Brasky, T. M., J. W. Lampe, J. D. Potter, R. E. Patterson, and E. White. 2010. Specialty supplement and breast cancer risk in the vitamins and lifestyle (VITAL) cohort. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention 19:1696-1708.
8. Brown, M. R., C. D. Garland, S. W. Jeffrey, I. D. Jameson, and J. M. Leroi. 1993. The gross and amino acid compositions of batch and semi-continuous cultures of Isochrysis sp. (clone T.ISO), Pavlova lutheri and Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of Applied Phycology 5:285-296.
9. Eliassen, J., and O. Vahl. 1982. Seasonal variations in biochemical composition and energy content of liver, gonad, and muscle of mature and immature cod, Gadus morhua (L.) from Balsfjorden, northern Norway. Journal of Fish Biology 20:707-716.
10. Førde-Skjærvik, O., S. Refstie, M. A. Aslaksen, and A. Skrede. 2006. Digestibility of diets containing different soybean meals in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): comparison of collection methods and mapping of digestibility in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Aquaculture 261:241-258.
11. Foster, A. R., D. F. Houlihan, and S. J. Hall. 1993. Effects of nutritional regime on correlates of growth rate in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): comparison of morphological and biochemical measurements. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50:502-512.
12. Fulberth, M., D. Moran, H. Jarlbaek, and J. G. Stottrup. 2009. Growth of juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in land-based recirculation systems: effects of feeding regime, photoperiod and diet. Aquaculture 292:225-231.
13. Gouveia, L., E. Gomes, and J. Empis. 1997. Use of Chlorella vulgaris in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, diets to enhance muscle pigmentation. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 7(2):61-70.
14. Grant, S. M., J. A. Brown, and D. L. Boyce. 1998. Enlarged fatty livers of small juvenile cod: a comparison of laboratory-cultured and wild juveniles. Journal of Fish Biology 52:1105-1114.
15. Grisdale-Helland, B., K. D. Shearer, D. M. Gatlin, and S. J. Helland. 2008. Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, protein digestibility, feed utilization and body composition of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Aquaculture 283:156-162.
16. Hansen, J., G. Berge, M. Hillestad, Å. Krodahl, T. Galloway, H. Holm, J. Holm, and B. Ruyter. 2008. Appartent digestion and apparent retention of lipid and fatty acids in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed increasing dietary lipid levels. Aquaculture 284:159-166.
17. Hansen, A., O. Karlsen, G. Rosenlund, M. Rimbach, and G. I. Hemre. 2007a. Dietary plant protein utilization in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. Aquaculture Nutrition 13:200-215.
18. Hansen, A., G. Rosenlund, O. Karlsen, W. Koppe, and G.-I. Hemre. 2007b. Total replacement of fish meal with plant proteins in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) I. Effects on growth and protein retention. Aquaculture 272:599-611.
19. Hansen, A., G. Rosenlund, O. Karlsen, P. A. Olsvik, and G.-I. Hemre. 2006. The inclusion of plant protein in cod diets, its effects on macronutrient digestibility, gut and liver histology and heat shock protein transcription. Aquaculture Research 37:773-784.
20. Harper, C. R., and T. A. Jacobson. 2005. Usefulness of omega-3 fatty acids and the prevention of coronary heart disease. American Journal of Cardiology 96:1521-1529.
21. Hirano, T., and M. Suyama. 1985. Effect of dietary micro-algae on the quality of cultured ayu. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries 72:21-41.
22. Ju, Z. Y., I. P. Forster, and W. G. Dominy. 2009. Effects of supplementing two pecies of marine algae or their fractions to a formulated diet on growth, survival and composition of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture 292:237-243.
23. Karalazos, V., J. Treasurer, C. Cutts, R. Alderson, T. Galloway, S. Albrektsen, J. Arnason, N. MacDonald, I. Pike, and J. Bell. 2007. Effects of fish meal replacement with full-fat soy meal on growth and tissue fatty acid composition in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55:5788-5795.
24. Kjær, M. A., A. Vegusdal, G. M. Berge, T. F. Galloway, M. Hillestad, A. Krogdahl, H. Holm, and B. Ruyter. 2009. Characterisation of lipid transport in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) when fasted and fed high or low fat diets. Aquaculture 288:325-336.
25. McCurdy, S., and B. March. 1992. Processing of canola meal for incorporation in trout and salmon diets. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 69:213-220.
26. Mozaffarian, D., and E. Rimm. 2009. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits. Journal of the American Medical Association 296:1885-1889.
27. Mustafa, M. G., and H. Nakagawa. 1995. A review: dietary benefits of algae as an additive in fish feed. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 47:155-162.
28. Mustafa, M. G., S. Wakamatsu, T. Takeda, T. Umino, and H. Nakagawa.1995. Effects of algae meal as feed additive on growth, feed efficiency, and body composition in Red Sea bream. Fisheries Science (Tokyo) 61:25-28.
29. Nanton, D. A., S. P. Lall, and M. A. McNiven. 2001. Effects of dietary lipid level on liver and muscle lipid deposition in juvenile haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L. Aquaculture Research 32:225-234.
30. Nanton, D. A., S. P. Lall, N. W. Ross, and M. A. McNiven. 2003. Effect of dietary lipid level on fatty acid beta-oxidation and lipid composition in various tissues of haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 135B:95-108.
31. Naylor, R. L., R. W. Hardy, D. P. Bureau, A. Chiu, M. Elliott, A. P. Farrell, I. Forster, D. M. Gatlin, R. J. Goldburg, K. Hua, and P. D. Nichols. 2009. Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106:15103-15110.
32. Olsen, R. E., A. Hansen, G. Rosenlund, G. Hemre, T. M. Mayhew, D. L. Knudsen, O. Tufan Eroldogan, R. Myklebust, and O. Karlsen. 2007. Total replacement of fish meal with plant proteins in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), II. Health aspects. Aquaculture 272:612-624.
33. Olvera-Novoa, M. A., L. J. Domínguez-Cen, L. Olivera-Castillo, and C. A. Martínez-Palacios. 1998. Effect of the use of the microalga Spirulina maxima as fish meal replacement in diets for tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), fry. Aquaculture Research 29:709-715.
34. Palmegiano, G. B., G. Francesco, L. Gasco, G. Lembo, M. T. Spendicato, P. Trotta, and I. Zoccarato. 2009. Partial replacement of fish meal by T-Iso in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science 8:869-871.
35. Peet, M., and C. Stokes. 2005. Omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Drugs 65:1051-1059.
36. Perez-Casanova, J. C., S. P. Lall, and A. K. Gamperl. 2009. Effect of feed composition and temperature on food consumption, growth and gastric evacuation of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.) Aquaculture 294:228-235.
37. Refstie, S., O. Forde-Skjaervik, G. Rosenlund, and K. Rorvik. 2006a. Feed intake, growth, and utilisation of macronutrients and amino acids by 1-and 2-year old Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed standard or bioprocessed soybean meal. Aquaculture 255:279-291.
38. Refstie, S., T. Landsverk, A. M. Bakke-McKellep, E. Ringo, A. Sundby, K. D. Shearer, and A. Krogdahl. 2006b. Digestive capacity, intestinal morphology, and microflora of 1-year and 2-year old Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed standard or bioprocessed soybean meal. Aquaculture 261:269-284.
39. Reitan Kjell, I., J. R. Rainuzzo, and Y. Olsen. 1994. Effect of nutrient limitation on fatty acid and lipid content of marine microalgae. Journal of Phycology 30:972-979.
40. Ringø, E., S. Sperstad, R. Myklebust, S. Refstie, and A. Krogdahl. 2006. Characterization of the microbiota associated with intestine of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): the effect of fish meal, standard soybean meal and a bioprocessed soybean meal. Aquaculture 261:829-841.
41. Rosenlund, G., and M. Skretting. 2006. Worldwide status and perspective on gadoid culture. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63:194-197.
42. Satoh, K., H. Nakagawa, and S. Kasahara. 1987. Effect of Ulva meal supplementation on disease resistance of red sea bream. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53:1115-1120.
43. Shahidi, F., and E. Dunajski. 1994. Lipid fatty acids, growth and compositional characteristics of farmed cod (Gadus morhua). Journal of Food Lipids 1:265-271.
44. Toppe, J., A. Aksnes, B. Hope, and S. Albrektsen. 2006. Inclusion of fish bone and crab by-products in diets for Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Aquaculture 253:636-645.
45. Valente, L. M. P., A. Gouveia, P. Rema, J. Matos, E. F. Gomes, and I. S. Pinto. 2006. Evaluation of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Ulva rigida and Gracilaria cornea as dietary ingredients in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquaculture 252:85-91.
46. Walker, A. B., H. R. Fournier, C. D. Neefus, G. C. Nardi, and D. L. Berlinsky. 2009. Partial replacement of fish meal with laver Porphyra spp. in diets for Atlantic cod. North American Journal of Aquaculture 71:39-45.
47. Walker, A. B., I. F. Sidor, T. O'Keefe, M. Cremer, and D. Berlinsky. 2010. Partial replacement of fish meal with soy protein concentrate in diets of Atlantic cod. North American Journal of Aquaculture 72:243-353.
48. Yone, Y., M. Furuichi, and K. Urano. 1986. Effects of dietary wakame Undaria pinnatifida and Ascophyllum nodosum on absorption of dietary nutrients, and blood sugar and plasma free amino-N levels of red sea bream. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 52:1465-1468.
49. Zar, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.