메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 153-164

Microsatellite diversity and structure of Carpathian brown bears (Ursus arctos): Consequences of human caused fragmentation

Author keywords

Carpathians; Genetic structure; Microsatellites; Ursus arctos

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BEAR; CARNIVORE; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION GENETICS; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; EXTINCTION RISK; GENE FLOW; GENETIC MARKER; GENETIC STRUCTURE; GENETIC VARIATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HUMAN ACTIVITY; ISOLATED POPULATION; POPULATION SIZE; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SUBPOPULATION;

EID: 84856185853     PISSN: 15660621     EISSN: 15729737     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0271-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 33845927440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient method for screening faecal DNA genotypes and detecting new individuals and hybrids in the red wolf (Canis rufus) experimental population area
    • Adams JR, Waits LP (2007) An efficient method for screening faecal DNA genotypes and detecting new individuals and hybrids in the red wolf (Canis rufus) experimental population area. Conserv Genetics 8: 123-131.
    • (2007) Conserv Genetics , vol.8 , pp. 123-131
    • Adams, J.R.1    Waits, L.P.2
  • 2
    • 84856162479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management and action plan for the bear population in Romania
    • Forestry and Rural Development, Ministry of Environment and Water Management. Bucureşti, Available at
    • Anonymous (2007) Management and action plan for the bear population in Romania. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development, Ministry of Environment and Water Management. Bucureşti, pp 1-79. Available at http://www. icas. ro/DOCS/Bear%20Management%20Plan. pdf.
    • (2007) Ministry of Agriculture , pp. 1-79
    • Anonymous1
  • 3
    • 0036383477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural and artificial secondary contact in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the French western Pyrenees assessed by allozymes and microsatellites
    • Aurelle D, Cattaneo-Berrebi G, Berrebi P (2002) Natural and artificial secondary contact in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the French western Pyrenees assessed by allozymes and microsatellites. Heredity 89: 171-183.
    • (2002) Heredity , vol.89 , pp. 171-183
    • Aurelle, D.1    Cattaneo-Berrebi, G.2    Berrebi, P.3
  • 5
    • 4344600645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved noninvasive genotyping method: application to brown bear (Ursus arctos) faeces
    • Bellemain E, Taberlet P (2004) Improved noninvasive genotyping method: application to brown bear (Ursus arctos) faeces. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 519-522.
    • (2004) Mol Ecol Notes , vol.4 , pp. 519-522
    • Bellemain, E.1    Taberlet, P.2
  • 6
    • 0037307395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introgression patterns in the mosaic hybrid zone between Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis
    • Bierne N, Borsa P, Daguin C et al (2003) Introgression patterns in the mosaic hybrid zone between Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis. Mol Ecol 12: 447-461.
    • (2003) Mol Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 447-461
    • Bierne, N.1    Borsa, P.2    Daguin, C.3
  • 7
    • 0028167595 scopus 로고
    • Ecological and genetic factors in conservation: a cautionary tale
    • Caro TM, Laurenson MK (1994) Ecological and genetic factors in conservation: a cautionary tale. Science 263: 485-486.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 485-486
    • Caro, T.M.1    Laurenson, M.K.2
  • 8
    • 0030478757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data
    • Cornuet JM, Luikart G (1996) Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data. Genetics 144: 2001-2014.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.144 , pp. 2001-2014
    • Cornuet, J.M.1    Luikart, G.2
  • 9
    • 0033197727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding depression in the wild
    • Crnokrak P, Roff DA (1999) Inbreeding depression in the wild. Heredity 83: 260-270.
    • (1999) Heredity , vol.83 , pp. 260-270
    • Crnokrak, P.1    Roff, D.A.2
  • 10
    • 0038040352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home ranges in adult Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos): effect of mass, sex, reproductive category, population density and habitat type
    • Dahle B, Swenson JE (2003) Home ranges in adult Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos): effect of mass, sex, reproductive category, population density and habitat type. J Zool 260: 329-335.
    • (2003) J Zool , vol.260 , pp. 329-335
    • Dahle, B.1    Swenson, J.E.2
  • 11
    • 0028325745 scopus 로고
    • Mutational processes of simple-sequence repeat loci in human populations
    • Di Rienzo A, Peterson AC, Garza JC et al (1994) Mutational processes of simple-sequence repeat loci in human populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 3166-3170.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 3166-3170
    • Di Rienzo, A.1    Peterson, A.C.2    Garza, J.C.3
  • 12
    • 34250189553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic consequences of Pleistocene range shifts: contrast between the Arctic, the Alps and the East African mountains
    • Ehrich D, Gaudeul M, Assefa A et al (2007) Genetic consequences of Pleistocene range shifts: contrast between the Arctic, the Alps and the East African mountains. Mol Ecol 16: 2542-2559.
    • (2007) Mol Ecol , vol.16 , pp. 2542-2559
    • Ehrich, D.1    Gaudeul, M.2    Assefa, A.3
  • 13
    • 21244479740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study
    • Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J (2005) Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 14: 2611-2620.
    • (2005) Mol Ecol , vol.14 , pp. 2611-2620
    • Evanno, G.1    Regnaut, S.2    Goudet, J.3
  • 15
    • 0026681074 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data
    • Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM (1992) Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131: 479-491.
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.131 , pp. 479-491
    • Excoffier, L.1    Smouse, P.E.2    Quattro, J.M.3
  • 16
    • 85007110786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arlequin ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis
    • Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S (2005) Arlequin ver. 3. 0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinf Online 1: 47-50.
    • (2005) Evol Bioinf Online , vol.1 , pp. 47-50
    • Excoffier, L.1    Laval, G.2    Schneider, S.3
  • 18
    • 0035076168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci
    • Garza JC, Williamson EG (2001) Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci. Mol Ecol 10: 305-318.
    • (2001) Mol Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 305-318
    • Garza, J.C.1    Williamson, E.G.2
  • 19
    • 2542425766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convert: a user-friendly program to reformat diploid genotypic data for commonly used population genetic software packages
    • Glaubitz JC (2004) Convert: a user-friendly program to reformat diploid genotypic data for commonly used population genetic software packages. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 309-310.
    • (2004) Mol Ecol Notes , vol.4 , pp. 309-310
    • Glaubitz, J.C.1
  • 20
    • 33745059267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic structure of the endangered crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in France based on microsatellite variation: biogeographical inferences and conservation implications
    • Gouin N, Grandjean F, Souty-Grosset C (2006) Population genetic structure of the endangered crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in France based on microsatellite variation: biogeographical inferences and conservation implications. Freshw Biol 51: 1369-1387.
    • (2006) Freshw Biol , vol.51 , pp. 1369-1387
    • Gouin, N.1    Grandjean, F.2    Souty-Grosset, C.3
  • 21
    • 0028005033 scopus 로고
    • Maintanence of high-levels of allelic variation in spite of a severe bottleneck in population size-the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Western Carpathians
    • Hartl GB, Hell P (1994) Maintanence of high-levels of allelic variation in spite of a severe bottleneck in population size-the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Western Carpathians. Biodivers Conserv 3: 546-554.
    • (1994) Biodivers Conserv , vol.3 , pp. 546-554
    • Hartl, G.B.1    Hell, P.2
  • 23
    • 1942422338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status and management of the brown bear in Romania
    • C. Servheen, S. Herrero, and B. Peyton (Eds.), Switzerland: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
    • Ionescu O (1999) Status and management of the brown bear in Romania. In: Servheen C, Herrero S, Peyton B (eds) Bears: status survey and conservation action plan. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Switzerland, pp 93-96.
    • (1999) Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan , pp. 93-96
    • Ionescu, O.1
  • 24
    • 84856186422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Brown bear Ursus arctos L
    • (in Polish). Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Ochrony Przyrody, Studia Naturae 47
    • Jakubiec Z (2001) The Brown bear Ursus arctos L. in the Polish part of the Carpathians (in Polish). Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Ochrony Przyrody, Studia Naturae 47.
    • (2001) The Polish part of the Carpathians
    • Jakubiec, Z.1
  • 25
    • 0028163708 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of inbreeding depression in a natural habitat
    • Jiménez JA, Hughes KA, Alaks G, Graham L, Lacy RC (1994) An experimental study of inbreeding depression in a natural habitat. Science 266: 271-273.
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 271-273
    • Jiménez, J.A.1    Hughes, K.A.2    Alaks, G.3    Graham, L.4    Lacy, R.C.5
  • 26
    • 63149104033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic markers in the playground of multivariate analysis
    • Jombart T, Pontier D, Dufour AB (2009) Genetic markers in the playground of multivariate analysis. Heredity 102: 330-341.
    • (2009) Heredity , vol.102 , pp. 330-341
    • Jombart, T.1    Pontier, D.2    Dufour, A.B.3
  • 28
    • 79961027467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of Dinaric brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Croatia with implications for bear conservation in Europe
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. mambio. 2010. 12. 003
    • Kocijan I, Galov A, Ćetković H, Kusak J, Gomerčić T, Huber D (2011) Genetic diversity of Dinaric brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Croatia with implications for bear conservation in Europe. Mammalian Biology, doi: 10. 1016/j. mambio. 2010. 12. 003.
    • (2011) Mammalian Biology
    • Kocijan, I.1    Galov, A.2    Ćetković, H.3    Kusak, J.4    Gomerčić, T.5    Huber, D.6
  • 29
    • 0029240365 scopus 로고
    • Conservation genetics of the European brown bear-a study using excremental PCR of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences
    • Kohn M, Knauer F, Stoffella A, Schröder W, Pääbo S (1995) Conservation genetics of the European brown bear-a study using excremental PCR of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences. Mol Ecol 4: 95-103.
    • (1995) Mol Ecol , vol.4 , pp. 95-103
    • Kohn, M.1    Knauer, F.2    Stoffella, A.3    Schröder, W.4    Pääbo, S.5
  • 30
    • 0027163882 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of inbreeding in natural and captive populations of vertebrates: implications for conservation
    • Lacy RC (1993) Impacts of inbreeding in natural and captive populations of vertebrates: implications for conservation. Perspect Biol Med 36: 480-496.
    • (1993) Perspect Biol Med , vol.36 , pp. 480-496
    • Lacy, R.C.1
  • 31
    • 0024164592 scopus 로고
    • Genetics and demography in biological conservation
    • Lande R (1988) Genetics and demography in biological conservation. Science 241: 1455-1460.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1455-1460
    • Lande, R.1
  • 32
    • 34447119571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formatomatic: a program for converting diploid allelic data between common formats for population genetic analysis
    • Manoukis NC (2007) Formatomatic: a program for converting diploid allelic data between common formats for population genetic analysis. Mol Ecol Notes 7: 592-593.
    • (2007) Mol Ecol Notes , vol.7 , pp. 592-593
    • Manoukis, N.C.1
  • 33
    • 0036160390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing allelic dropout and genotype reliability using maximum likelihood
    • Miller CR, Joyce P, Waits LP (2002) Assessing allelic dropout and genotype reliability using maximum likelihood. Genetics 160: 357-366.
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.160 , pp. 357-366
    • Miller, C.R.1    Joyce, P.2    Waits, L.P.3
  • 34
    • 0028519167 scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite analysis of genetic variation in black bear populations
    • Paetkau D, Strobeck C (1994) Microsatellite analysis of genetic variation in black bear populations. Mol Ecol 3: 489-495.
    • (1994) Mol Ecol , vol.3 , pp. 489-495
    • Paetkau, D.1    Strobeck, C.2
  • 35
    • 0029310503 scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears
    • Paetkau D, Calvert W, Stirling I, Strobeck C (1995) Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears. Mol Ecol 4: 347-354.
    • (1995) Mol Ecol , vol.4 , pp. 347-354
    • Paetkau, D.1    Calvert, W.2    Stirling, I.3    Strobeck, C.4
  • 36
    • 0031947757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in genetic diversity across the range of North American brown bears
    • Paetkau D, Waits LP, Craighead L, Clarkson P, Strobeck C (1998) Variation in genetic diversity across the range of North American brown bears. Conserv Biol 12: 418-429.
    • (1998) Conserv Biol , vol.12 , pp. 418-429
    • Paetkau, D.1    Waits, L.P.2    Craighead, L.3    Clarkson, P.4    Strobeck, C.5
  • 37
    • 1642442709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic assignment methods for direct, real-time estimation of migration rate: a simulation-based exploration of accuracy and power
    • Paetkau D, Slade R, Burden M, Estoup A (2004) Genetic assignment methods for direct, real-time estimation of migration rate: a simulation-based exploration of accuracy and power. Mole Ecol 13: 55-65.
    • (2004) Mole Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 55-65
    • Paetkau, D.1    Slade, R.2    Burden, M.3    Estoup, A.4
  • 38
    • 84856136367 scopus 로고
    • Classis Mammalia
    • Regia Societas Scientia Naturalium Hungarica, Budapest
    • Paszlavsky J (1918) Classis Mammalia. Fauna regni Hungariae, Mammalia. Regia Societas Scientia Naturalium Hungarica, Budapest, 43 pp.
    • (1918) Fauna regni Hungariae, Mammalia , pp. 43
    • Paszlavsky, J.1
  • 39
    • 0032880393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BOTTLENECK: a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective population size using allele frequency data
    • Piry S, Luikart G, Cornuet JM (1999) BOTTLENECK: a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective population size using allele frequency data. J Hered 90: 502-503.
    • (1999) J Hered , vol.90 , pp. 502-503
    • Piry, S.1    Luikart, G.2    Cornuet, J.M.3
  • 40
    • 6044264968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneclass2: a software for genetic assignment and first-generation migrant detection
    • Piry S, Alapetite A, Cornuet JM et al (2004) Geneclass2: a software for genetic assignment and first-generation migrant detection. J Heredity 95: 536-539.
    • (2004) J Heredity , vol.95 , pp. 536-539
    • Piry, S.1    Alapetite, A.2    Cornuet, J.M.3
  • 42
    • 0034118493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data
    • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945-959.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 945-959
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Stephens, M.2    Donnelly, P.3
  • 44
    • 84989443799 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of lethal equivalents and the cost of inbreeding in mammals
    • Ralls K, Ballou JD, Templeton A (1988) Estimates of lethal equivalents and the cost of inbreeding in mammals. Conserv Biol 2: 185-193.
    • (1988) Conserv Biol , vol.2 , pp. 185-193
    • Ralls, K.1    Ballou, J.D.2    Templeton, A.3
  • 45
    • 0030835444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting immigration by using multilocus genotypes
    • Rannala B, Mountain JL (1997) Detecting immigration by using multilocus genotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 9197-9201.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 9197-9201
    • Rannala, B.1    Mountain, J.L.2
  • 46
    • 0037147189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of human populations
    • Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL et al (2002) Genetic structure of human populations. Science 298: 2381-2385.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 2381-2385
    • Rosenberg, N.A.1    Pritchard, J.K.2    Weber, J.L.3
  • 47
    • 0032473978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding and extinction in a butterfly metapopulation
    • Saccheri I, Kuussaari M, Kankare M et al (1998) Inbreeding and extinction in a butterfly metapopulation. Nature 392: 491-494.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 491-494
    • Saccheri, I.1    Kuussaari, M.2    Kankare, M.3
  • 50
    • 0032957528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtle population structuring within a highly vagile marine invertebrate, the veined squid Loligo forbesi, demonstrated with microsatellite DNA markers
    • Shaw PW, Pierce GJ, Boyle PR (1999) Subtle population structuring within a highly vagile marine invertebrate, the veined squid Loligo forbesi, demonstrated with microsatellite DNA markers. Mol Ecol 8: 407-417.
    • (1999) Mol Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 407-417
    • Shaw, P.W.1    Pierce, G.J.2    Boyle, P.R.3
  • 51
    • 0001971804 scopus 로고
    • The near extinction and recovery of brown bears in Scandinavia in relation to the bear management policies of Norway and Sweden
    • Swenson JE, Wabakken P, Sandegren F, Bjärvall A, Franzén R, Söderberg A (1995) The near extinction and recovery of brown bears in Scandinavia in relation to the bear management policies of Norway and Sweden. Wildl Biol 1: 11-25.
    • (1995) Wildl Biol , vol.1 , pp. 11-25
    • Swenson, J.E.1    Wabakken, P.2    Sandegren, F.3    Bjärvall, A.4    Franzén, R.5    Söderberg, A.6
  • 53
    • 0028254128 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Europe
    • Taberlet P, Bouvet J (1994) Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Europe. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 255: 195-200.
    • (1994) Proc R Soc Lond Ser B , vol.255 , pp. 195-200
    • Taberlet, P.1    Bouvet, J.2
  • 54
    • 0032843676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive genetic sampling and individual identification
    • Taberlet P, Luikart G (1999) Non-invasive genetic sampling and individual identification. Biol J Linn Soc 68: 41-55.
    • (1999) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.68 , pp. 41-55
    • Taberlet, P.1    Luikart, G.2
  • 55
    • 0028995060 scopus 로고
    • Localization of a contact zone between two highly divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages of brown bear Ursus arctos in Scandinavia
    • Taberlet P, Swenson JE, Sandegren F, Bjärvall A (1995) Localization of a contact zone between two highly divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages of brown bear Ursus arctos in Scandinavia. Conserv Biol 9: 1255-1261.
    • (1995) Conserv Biol , vol.9 , pp. 1255-1261
    • Taberlet, P.1    Swenson, J.E.2    Sandegren, F.3    Bjärvall, A.4
  • 56
    • 0031239603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive genetic tracking of the endangered Pyrenean brown bear population
    • Taberlet P, Camarra JJ, Griffin S et al (1997) Noninvasive genetic tracking of the endangered Pyrenean brown bear population. Mol Ecol 6: 869-876.
    • (1997) Mol Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 869-876
    • Taberlet, P.1    Camarra, J.J.2    Griffin, S.3
  • 57
    • 84856178654 scopus 로고
    • Bears in Turiec region [in Slovak]
    • Tobiáš J (1933) Bears in Turiec region [in Slovak]. Lovec 6: 4-8.
    • (1933) Lovec , vol.6 , pp. 4-8
    • Tobiáš, J.1
  • 58
    • 0036734955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gimlet: a computer program for analyzing genetic individual identification data
    • Valière N (2002) Gimlet: a computer program for analyzing genetic individual identification data. Mol Ecol Notes 2: 377-379.
    • (2002) Mol Ecol Notes , vol.2 , pp. 377-379
    • Valière, N.1
  • 59
    • 4344606590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MICRO-CHECKER: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data
    • van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley P (2004) MICRO-CHECKER: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol Ecol 4: 535-538.
    • (2004) Mol Ecol , vol.4 , pp. 535-538
    • van Oosterhout, C.1    Hutchinson, W.F.2    Wills, D.P.M.3    Shipley, P.4
  • 60
    • 0034049585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow in the Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos)
    • Waits L, Taberlet P, Swenson JE, Sandergren F, Franzén R (2000) Nuclear analysis of genetic diversity and gene flow in the Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos). Mol Ecol 9: 421-431.
    • (2000) Mol Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 421-431
    • Waits, L.1    Taberlet, P.2    Swenson, J.E.3    Sandergren, F.4    Franzén, R.5
  • 61
    • 0001771498 scopus 로고
    • Evolution in Mendelian populations
    • Wright S (1931) Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16: 97-159.
    • (1931) Genetics , vol.16 , pp. 97-159
    • Wright, S.1
  • 62
    • 39149140359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a phylogeographic break in the Romanian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population from the Carpathians
    • Zachos FE, Otto M, Unici R, Lorenzini R, Hartl GB (2008) Evidence of a phylogeographic break in the Romanian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population from the Carpathians. Mammalian Biol 73: 93-101.
    • (2008) Mammalian Biol , vol.73 , pp. 93-101
    • Zachos, F.E.1    Otto, M.2    Unici, R.3    Lorenzini, R.4    Hartl, G.B.5
  • 63
    • 84856178652 scopus 로고
    • Game in Tatras (in Slovak)
    • Žuffa A (1932) Game in Tatras (in Slovak). Lovec 21: 1-2.
    • (1932) Lovec , vol.21 , pp. 1-2
    • Žuffa, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.