Towards a mighty union: How to create a democratic European superpower

International Affairs

Volumn 88, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 49-62

  Simms, Brendan ^a  

^a The History of European International Relations   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84856173451     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: 14682346     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01056.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. J. R. Seeley, 'United States of Europe', Macmillan's Magazine, no. 23, I thank my student Daniel Robinson for drawing this extraordinary article to my attention. 1871 443-4
2. For an analysis of how we got there, see Niall Ferguson, 'Europas schleichende Auflösung. Warum die Währungsunion zwangsläufig zur Desintegration führt', Der Spiegel, 7 Nov. 2011, pp. 132-4.
3. Brendan Simms, Three victories and a defeat: the rise and fall of the first British Empire, 1714-1783 (London: Allen Lane, 2007) 51-3.
4. The Federalist, no. 7, 17 Nov. 1787, in J. R. Pole, ed., The Federalist: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay (2005) 28-9.
5. David C. Hendrickson, Peace pact: the lost world of the American founding (Lawrence, KS: Kansas University Press, 2003 63.
6. The Federalist, no. 19, 8 Dec. 1787, in Pole, ed., The Federalist, pp. 99-102. For the impact of the Polish partition on the constitutional convention, see Frederick W. Marks, Independence on trial: foreign affairs and the making of the Constitution (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1973 3-51.
7. The Federalist, no. 5, 10 Nov. 1787, in Pole, ed., The Federalist 17-18.
8. Quoted in Mette Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, 'Uneven power and the pursuit of peace: how regional power transition promotes integration', Working Paper Series, Centre of European Studies, Harvard University, No. 150/2007 1-28 21).
9. Thus John Gillingham, European integration, 1950-2003: superstate or new market economy? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 29-30.
10. Quoted in speech by Jose-Manuel Gonzalez Paramo, Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, 'The sovereign debt crisis and the future of European integration', Oxford University European Affairs Society, Oxford, 24 Nov2011.
11. Maastricht Treaty, Title V. 'Provisions on a common foreign and security policy', Article J.
12. Manfred Görtemaker, Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 2004); Christian Hacke, Die Aussenpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Von Konrad Adenauer bis Gerhard Schröder, 2nd edn (Berlin: Ullstein Verlag, 2004)
13. Eckart Conze, Die Suche nach Sicherheit. Eine Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 1949 bis in die Gegenwart (Munich: Siedler Verlag, 2009).
14. For the refusal of Germany to conform to the 'academic scare stories', see Jan-Werner Mueller, 'The old questions and the German Revolution', Contemporary European history 7: 2, 1998 271-84.
15. On the structural weakness of German federalism and the economy after 1990, see Helmut Wiesenthal, 'German unification and "Model Germany": an adventure in institutional conservatism', West European Politics 26: 4, 2003 37-58.
16. Christopher Hill, 'The European dimension of the debate on UN Security Council membership', International Spectator 40: 4, OctoberDecember 2005 31-2.
17. Gregor Schöllgen, Angst vor der Macht (Berlin: Ullstein Verlag, 1993).
18. The phrase is taken from a RAND study in the summer of 1990: Ronald D. Asmus, German strategy and opinion after the wall, 1990-1993 (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994 61.
19. James Gow, Triumph of the lack of will: international diplomacy and the Yugoslav war (London: Hurst, 1997).
20. Richard Caplan, 'The European Community's recognition of new states in Yugoslavia: the strategic implications', Journal of Strategic Studies 21: 3, 1998, pp. 24-45.
21. Brendan Simms, Unfinest hour: Britain and the destruction of Bosnia (London: Allen Lane, 2001).
22. Josip Glaurdic, The hour of Europe: Western powers and the breakup of Yugoslavia (New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2011).
23. For a contemporary analysis of this episode, see Peter Riddell, 'Europe must learn to defend itself: military muscle would give the EU more diplomatic clout', The Times, 28 June 1999 20.
24. Chris Patten, 'No more roses', Times Literary Supplement, 1 June 2007 13.
25. Catherine Ashton, speech to European Parliament, 3 March 2010.
26. Christopher Hill, 'The capability-expectations gap, or conceptualizing Europe's international role', in Simon Bulmer and Andrew Scott, eds, Economic and political integration in Europe: and 116-17. internal dynamics and global context (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994104
27. James Rogers, 'From "civilian power" to "global power": explicating the European Union's "Grand Strategy" through the articulation of discourse theory', Journal of Common Market Studies, 47: 4, 2009 831-62
28. For the original concept, see Hanns W. Maull, 'Germany and Japan: the new civilian powers', Foreign 91 Affairs 69: 5, Winter 199091-106.
29. Thus Mette Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, 'Why a common security and defence policy is bad for Europe', Survival 45: 4, 2003, pp. 193-206.
30. Ian Manners, 'Normative power Europe reconsidered: beyond the crossroads', Journal of European Public Policy 13: 2, 2006 182-99.
31. Speech by Federal Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer during the European policy debate in the German Bundestag, 12 Dec. 2001.
32. Andreas von Gehlen, 'Two steps to European party democracy', European View, 3, 2006 161-70.
33. Giandomenico Majone, 'Europe's "democratic deficit": a question of standards', European law Journal 4:19985-28.
34. Thus Thomas C. Fischer, 'An American looks at the European Union', EuropeanLaw 227.Journal 12: 2006 226-78
35. Glyn Morgan, The idea of a European superstate: public justification and European integration (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005).
36. William Pfaff, 'What left of the Union?', New York Review of Books, 14 July 2005 26.
37. Quoted in International Herald Tribune, 4 March 2004.
38. Joschka Fischer, Die Rückkehr der Geschichte (Cologne: Kiepenheuer & Witsch Verlag, 2005).
39. Hans Kundnani, 'Germany as a geo-economic power', Washington Quarterly 34: 3, 2011 31-45.
40. John Forsyth, 'Hague: the euro is a burning building with no exit', The Spectator, 29 Sept. 2011.
41. Ulrike Guerot and Olaf Boehnke, 'Germany in Europe: the euro matters in foreign policy', European Council on Foreign Relations, 28 Oct. 2011.
42. Jürgen Habermas, 'Rettet die Würde der Demokratie', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 4 Nov. 2011.
43. Niall Ferguson, 'It's 2021 and we've bid Europe farewell', Sunday Times, 27 Nov. 2011.
44. For a proposal on these lines, see Declan Ganley, 'Europe must form a fully federal union or it will fall apart completely', Sunday Independent, 13 Nov. 2011.
45. See 'Antrag des Bundesvorstandes an den 24. Parteitag der CDU Deutschlands am 14./15. November in Leipzig'.2011