Caregiver credits in France, Germany, and Sweden: Lessons for the United States

Social Security Bulletin

Volumn 71, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 61-76

  Jankowski, John ^a  

^a SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE; ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; CULTURAL FACTOR; ECONOMICS; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; FRANCE; GERMANY; HUMAN; PENSION; POVERTY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL SECURITY; STANDARD; STATISTICS; SWEDEN; UNITED STATES;

AGE FACTORS; CAREGIVERS; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; FRANCE; GERMANY; HUMANS; PENSIONS; POVERTY; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL SECURITY; SWEDEN; UNITED STATES; WOMEN;

EID: 84855992988     PISSN: 00377910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Arntz, Melanie, Ralf Saccheto, Alexander Spermann, Susanne Steffes, and Sarah Widmaier. 2007. " The German Social Long-Term Care Insurance: Structure and Reform Options." IZA Discussion Paper Series No. 2625. Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.
2. BLS. See Bureau of Labor Statistics.
3. Bonnet, Carole, Sophie Buffeteau, and Pascal Godefroy. 2006. " Effects of Pension Reforms on Gender Inequality in France." Population 61(1): 41-70.
4. Bramlett, Matthew, and William Mosher. 2001. " First Marriage Dissolution, Divorce, and Remarriage: United States." Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics No. 323. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
5. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2010. Highlights of Women's Earnings in 2009. Report 1025. Washington, DC: BLS.
6. Census Bureau. 2007. "Single-Parent Households Showed Little Variation Since 1994." Census Bureau Reports. Press release (March 27). Washington, DC: Census Bureau.
7. Central Intelligence Agency. 2010. The World Factbook 2010. Washington, DC: CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html.
8. Conseil d'Orientation des Retraites. 2008. Retraites: Droit Familiaux et Conjugaux. http://www.cor-retraites.fr/IMG/pdf/doc-1052.pdf.
9. D'Addio, Anna, and Edward Whitehouse. 2009. "Pension Entitlements of Women with Children: The Role of Credits within Pension Systems in OECD and EU Countries." Draft paper. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper Series. Paris, France: OECD.
10. DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, Bernadette Proctor, and Jessica Smith. 2009. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2008. US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-236. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
11. [EC] European Commission. 2002. Presidency Conclusions. Report presented at the Barcelona European Council (March 15 and 16). Barcelona, Spain: EC.
12. [EC] European Commission. 2006a. Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
13. [EC] European Commission. 2006b. "Minimum Pensions and Older Women's Poverty." Peer Review and Assessment in Social Inclusion Discussion Paper. Belgium: EC.
14. Englehardt, Gary, and Jonathan Gruber. 2004. "Social Security and the Evolution of Elderly Poverty." NBER Working Paper No. 10466. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
15. Eurostat. 2010. Fertility Statistics. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Fertility_statistics.
16. Favreault, Melissa, and Frank Sammartino. 2002. The Impact of Social Security Reform on Low-Income and Older Women. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
17. Favreault, Melissa, and Karen Smith. 2004. "A Primer on the Dynamic Simulation of Income Model (DYNASIM3)." The Retirement Project Discussion Paper Series No. 02-04. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
18. Favreault, Melissa, and C. Eugene Steuerle. 2007. " Social Security Spouse and Survivor Benefits for the Modern Family." The Retirement Project Discussion Paper Series No. 07-01. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
19. Federal Ministry of Labour and Foreign Affairs. 2009. Social Security at a Glance. http://www.bmas.de/EN/Service/Publications/social-security-at-a-glance-365.html.76
20. Fultz, Elaine. 2011. Noncontributory Pension Crediting for Caregivers: Policy in Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Japan. Washington, DC: Institute for Women's Policy Research.
21. Government Accountability Office. 2009. Social Security: Options to Protect Benefits for Vulnerable Groups When Addressing Program Solvency. Report no. GAO-10-101R. Washington, DC: GAO.
22. Herd, Pamela. 2006. "Crediting Care or Marriage? Reforming Social Security Family Benefits." Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological and Social Sciences 61(1): S24-S34.
23. Iams, Howard, and Steven Sandell. 1994. "Changing Social Security Benefits to Reflect Child-Care Years: A Policy Whose Time Has Passed?" Social Security Bulletin 57(4): 10-24.
24. James, Estelle. 2009. "Rethinking Survivor Benefits." SP Discussion Paper No. 0928. Washington, DC: World Bank.
25. Monticone, Chiara, Anna Ruzik, and Justyna Skiba. 2008. Women's Pension Rights and Survivors' Benefits: A Comparative Analysis of EU Member States and Candidate Countries. ENEPRI Research Report No. 53. Brussels: European Network of Economic Policy Research Institutes.
26. [OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2009. Pensions at a Glance 2009: Retirement-Income Systems in OECD Countries. Paris, France: OECD.
27. Reno, Virginia, and Joni Lavery. 2009. Fixing Social Security: Adequate Benefits, Adequate Financing. Washington, DC: National Academy of Social Science.
28. Smith, Karen, and Eric Toder. 2005. "Changing Demographics of the Retired Population." Older Americans' Economic Security Series Brief No. 5. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
29. [SSA] Social Security Administration. 2007. Social Security Handbook. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. http://www.socialsecurity.gov/OP_Home/handbook/.
30. [SSA] Social Security Administration. 2008. Income of the Population 55 or Older, 2008. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/income_pop55/2008/index.html.
31. [SSA] Social Security Administration. 2010a. " Focus on France." International Update (December). http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/intl_update/2010-12/index.html.
32. [SSA] Social Security Administration. 2010b. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Europe, 2010. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2010-2011/europe/index.html.
33. Stahlberg, Ann-Charlotte, Marcela Cohen Birman, Agenta Kruse, and Annika Sunden. 2006. "Pension Reforms and Gender: The Case of Sweden." In Gender and Social Security Reform: What's Fair for Women, edited by Neil Gilbert, 175-205. Geneva, Switzerland: International Social Security Association.
34. Tamborini, Chris. 2007. "The Never-Married in Old Age: Projections and Concerns for the Near Future." Social Security Bulletin 67(2): 25-40.
35. Tamborini, Chris, and Kevin Whitman. 2007. "Women, Marriage, and Social Security Benefits Revisited." Social Security Bulletin 67(4): 1-20.
36. [US Senate] Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate. 2010. Social Security Modernization: Options to Address Solvency and Benefit Adequacy. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. http://aging.senate.gov/letters/ssreport2010.pdf.
37. Ventura, Stephanie. 2009. "Changing Patterns of Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States." NCHS Data Brief No. 18. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Weaver, David. 2010. " Widows and Social Security." Social Security Bulletin 70(3): 89-109.
38. Zaidi, Asghar. 2007. "Challenges in Guaranteeing Adequate Incomes for Women." Policy Brief drawn from the author's presentation at the Joint Meeting of the Task Force Monitoring RIS and the Expert Group for the UNECE Conference on Ageing. Vienna, Austria: European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research.