메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 123, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 130-145

Palaeoclimatic reconstruction from Lateglacial (Younger Dryas Chronozone) cirque glaciers in Snowdonia, North Wales

Author keywords

Cirque glaciers; Degree day model; North Wales; Palaeoclimatic reconstructions; Snowdonia; Younger Dryas

Indexed keywords

DATA SET; GLACIER; LATE GLACIAL; MAPPING; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOECOLOGY; PALEOTEMPERATURE; RECONSTRUCTION; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; WARMING; YOUNGER DRYAS;

EID: 84855956060     PISSN: 00167878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pgeola.2011.09.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 0033960013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Younger Dryas cold interval as viewed from central Greenland
    • Alley R.B. The Younger Dryas cold interval as viewed from central Greenland. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:213-226.
    • (2000) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.19 , pp. 213-226
    • Alley, R.B.1
  • 2
    • 33846139304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary paraglacial sedimentation in the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, southwest Ireland
    • Anderson E., Harrison S. Late Quaternary paraglacial sedimentation in the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, southwest Ireland. Irish Geography 2006, 39:69-77.
    • (2006) Irish Geography , vol.39 , pp. 69-77
    • Anderson, E.1    Harrison, S.2
  • 3
    • 0023108227 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal temperatures in Britain during the last 22,000 years, reconstructed using beetle remains
    • Atkinson T.C., Briffa K.R., Coope G.R. Seasonal temperatures in Britain during the last 22,000 years, reconstructed using beetle remains. Nature 1987, 325:587-592.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.325 , pp. 587-592
    • Atkinson, T.C.1    Briffa, K.R.2    Coope, G.R.3
  • 5
    • 0024823084 scopus 로고
    • The Loch Lomond Advance on the Isle of Skye, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications
    • Ballantyne C.K. The Loch Lomond Advance on the Isle of Skye, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications. Journal of Quaternary Science 1989, 4:95-108.
    • (1989) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.4 , pp. 95-108
    • Ballantyne, C.K.1
  • 7
    • 0036938537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Loch Lomond Readvance on the Isle of Mull, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications
    • Ballantyne C.K. The Loch Lomond Readvance on the Isle of Mull, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications. Journal of Quaternary Science 2002, 17:759-771.
    • (2002) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.17 , pp. 759-771
    • Ballantyne, C.K.1
  • 8
    • 34247466500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loch Lomond Stadial Glaciers in the Uig Hills, Western Lewis, Scotland
    • Ballantyne C.K. Loch Lomond Stadial Glaciers in the Uig Hills, Western Lewis, Scotland. Scottish Geographical Journal 2006, 122:256-273.
    • (2006) Scottish Geographical Journal , vol.122 , pp. 256-273
    • Ballantyne, C.K.1
  • 9
    • 34247605546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Loch Lomond Readvance on north Arran, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications
    • Ballantyne C.K. The Loch Lomond Readvance on north Arran, Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications. Journal of Quaternary Science 2007, 22:343-359.
    • (2007) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.22 , pp. 343-359
    • Ballantyne, C.K.1
  • 10
    • 36849091932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loch Lomond Stadial glaciers in North Harris, Outer Hebrides, North-West Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications
    • Ballantyne C.K. Loch Lomond Stadial glaciers in North Harris, Outer Hebrides, North-West Scotland: glacier reconstruction and palaeoclimatic implications. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:3134-3149.
    • (2007) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.26 , pp. 3134-3149
    • Ballantyne, C.K.1
  • 13
    • 25444445022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoclimatic reconstruction from Loch Lomond Readvance glaciers in the West Drumochter Hills, Scotland
    • Benn D.I., Ballantyne C.K. Palaeoclimatic reconstruction from Loch Lomond Readvance glaciers in the West Drumochter Hills, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 2005, 20:577-592.
    • (2005) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.20 , pp. 577-592
    • Benn, D.I.1    Ballantyne, C.K.2
  • 14
    • 0008468772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculating equilibrium-line altitudes of former glaciers by the balance ratio method: a new computer spreadsheet
    • Available at
    • Benn D.I., Gemmell A.M.D. Calculating equilibrium-line altitudes of former glaciers by the balance ratio method: a new computer spreadsheet. Glacial Geology and Geomorphology 1997, Available at. http://ggg%20.qub.ac.uk/ggg/papers/full/1997/tn011997/tn01.html.
    • (1997) Glacial Geology and Geomorphology
    • Benn, D.I.1    Gemmell, A.M.D.2
  • 15
    • 0034075158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass balance and equilibrium-line altitudes of glaciers in high-mountain environments
    • Benn D.I., Lehmkuhl F. Mass balance and equilibrium-line altitudes of glaciers in high-mountain environments. Quaternary International 2000, 65/66:15-29.
    • (2000) Quaternary International , pp. 15-29
    • Benn, D.I.1    Lehmkuhl, F.2
  • 16
    • 0027088940 scopus 로고
    • Glacier response to climatic change during the Loch Lomond Stadial and early Flandrian: geomorphological and palynological evidence from the Isle of Skye, Scotland
    • Benn D.I., Lowe J.J., Walker M.J.C. Glacier response to climatic change during the Loch Lomond Stadial and early Flandrian: geomorphological and palynological evidence from the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 1992, 7:125-144.
    • (1992) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.7 , pp. 125-144
    • Benn, D.I.1    Lowe, J.J.2    Walker, M.J.C.3
  • 17
    • 33746879144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Younger Dryas glacial landsystems in North West Scotland: an assessment of modern analogues and palaeoclimatic implications
    • Benn D.I., Lukas S. Younger Dryas glacial landsystems in North West Scotland: an assessment of modern analogues and palaeoclimatic implications. Quaternary Science Reviews 2006, 25:2390-2408.
    • (2006) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.25 , pp. 2390-2408
    • Benn, D.I.1    Lukas, S.2
  • 19
    • 0027834495 scopus 로고
    • Deglaciation of the Younger Dryas or Loch Lomond Stadial ice-field in the Northern Highlands, Scotland
    • Bennett M.R., Boulton G.S. Deglaciation of the Younger Dryas or Loch Lomond Stadial ice-field in the Northern Highlands, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 1993, 8:133-145.
    • (1993) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.8 , pp. 133-145
    • Bennett, M.R.1    Boulton, G.S.2
  • 20
    • 49649106511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and precipitation climate at the equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers expressed by the degree-day factor for melting snow
    • Braithwaite R.J. Temperature and precipitation climate at the equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers expressed by the degree-day factor for melting snow. Journal of Glaciology 2008, 54:437-444.
    • (2008) Journal of Glaciology , vol.54 , pp. 437-444
    • Braithwaite, R.J.1
  • 21
    • 33645894475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Pleistocene climate inferred from the reconstruction of the Taylor River glacier complex, southern Sawatch Range, Colorado
    • Brugger K.A. Late Pleistocene climate inferred from the reconstruction of the Taylor River glacier complex, southern Sawatch Range, Colorado. Geomorphology 2006, 75:318-329.
    • (2006) Geomorphology , vol.75 , pp. 318-329
    • Brugger, K.A.1
  • 22
    • 0034885363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A glaciological approach for the discrimination of Loch Lomond Stadial glacial landforms in the Brecon Beacons, South Wales
    • Carr S. A glaciological approach for the discrimination of Loch Lomond Stadial glacial landforms in the Brecon Beacons, South Wales. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 2001, 112:253-261.
    • (2001) Proceedings of the Geologists' Association , vol.112 , pp. 253-261
    • Carr, S.1
  • 23
    • 34948821748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved technique for the reconstruction of former glacier mass-balance and dynamics
    • Carr S., Coleman C. An improved technique for the reconstruction of former glacier mass-balance and dynamics. Geomorphology 2007, 92:76-90.
    • (2007) Geomorphology , vol.92 , pp. 76-90
    • Carr, S.1    Coleman, C.2
  • 24
    • 1842634098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving local estimations and regional trends of glacier equilibrium line altitudes
    • Carrivick J.L., Brewer T.R. Improving local estimations and regional trends of glacier equilibrium line altitudes. Geografiska Annaler 2004, 86:67-79.
    • (2004) Geografiska Annaler , vol.86 , pp. 67-79
    • Carrivick, J.L.1    Brewer, T.R.2
  • 27
    • 34247464744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glacial geomorphology of the Creag Meagaidh Massif, Western Grampian Highlands: implications for local glaciation and palaeoclimate during the Loch Lomond Stadial
    • Finlayson A.G. Glacial geomorphology of the Creag Meagaidh Massif, Western Grampian Highlands: implications for local glaciation and palaeoclimate during the Loch Lomond Stadial. Scottish Geographical Journal 2006, 122:293-307.
    • (2006) Scottish Geographical Journal , vol.122 , pp. 293-307
    • Finlayson, A.G.1
  • 28
    • 79959545252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a Lateglacial mountain icecap in northern Scotland
    • Finlayson A.G., Golledge N., Bradwell T., Fabel D. Evolution of a Lateglacial mountain icecap in northern Scotland. Boreas 2011, 40:536-554.
    • (2011) Boreas , vol.40 , pp. 536-554
    • Finlayson, A.G.1    Golledge, N.2    Bradwell, T.3    Fabel, D.4
  • 29
    • 0021538169 scopus 로고
    • The use of hypsometry to indicate long-term stability and response of valley glaciers to changes in mass transfer
    • Furbish D.J., Andrews J.T. The use of hypsometry to indicate long-term stability and response of valley glaciers to changes in mass transfer. Journal of Glaciology 1984, 30:199-211.
    • (1984) Journal of Glaciology , vol.30 , pp. 199-211
    • Furbish, D.J.1    Andrews, J.T.2
  • 30
    • 77955632333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glaciation of Scotland during the Younger Dryas stadial: a review
    • Golledge N.R. Glaciation of Scotland during the Younger Dryas stadial: a review. Journal of Quaternary Science 2010, 25:550-566.
    • (2010) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.25 , pp. 550-566
    • Golledge, N.R.1
  • 31
    • 22444442978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating Younger Dryas glacier reconstructions in part of the western Scottish Highlands: a combined empirical and theoretical approach
    • Golledge N.R., Hubbard A. Evaluating Younger Dryas glacier reconstructions in part of the western Scottish Highlands: a combined empirical and theoretical approach. Boreas 2005, 34:274-286.
    • (2005) Boreas , vol.34 , pp. 274-286
    • Golledge, N.R.1    Hubbard, A.2
  • 32
    • 77957021715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of seasonality on glacier mass balance, and implications for palaeoclimate reconstructions
    • Golledge N.R., Hubbard A.L., Bradwell T. Influence of seasonality on glacier mass balance, and implications for palaeoclimate reconstructions. Climate Dynamics 2010, 35:757-770.
    • (2010) Climate Dynamics , vol.35 , pp. 757-770
    • Golledge, N.R.1    Hubbard, A.L.2    Bradwell, T.3
  • 33
    • 44149107065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution numerical simulation of Younger Dryas glaciation in Scotland
    • Golledge N.R., Hubbard A., Sugden D.E. High-resolution numerical simulation of Younger Dryas glaciation in Scotland. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:888-904.
    • (2008) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.27 , pp. 888-904
    • Golledge, N.R.1    Hubbard, A.2    Sugden, D.E.3
  • 34
    • 6644223463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moraine-mound formation by englacial thrusting: the Younger Dryas moraines of Cwm Idwal, North Wales
    • Geological Society, London, A.J. Maltman, M.J. Hambrey, B. Hubbard (Eds.)
    • Graham D.J., Midgley N.G. Moraine-mound formation by englacial thrusting: the Younger Dryas moraines of Cwm Idwal, North Wales. Deformation of Glacial Materials 2000, 321-336. Geological Society, London. A.J. Maltman, M.J. Hambrey, B. Hubbard (Eds.).
    • (2000) Deformation of Glacial Materials , pp. 321-336
    • Graham, D.J.1    Midgley, N.G.2
  • 35
    • 0020468226 scopus 로고
    • The last glaciers (Loch Lomond Advance) in Snowdonia, N. Wales
    • Gray J.M. The last glaciers (Loch Lomond Advance) in Snowdonia, N. Wales. Geological Journal 1982, 17:111-133.
    • (1982) Geological Journal , vol.17 , pp. 111-133
    • Gray, J.M.1
  • 36
    • 0031443411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis of 'hummocky moraines' by thrusting in glacier ice: evidence from Svalbard and Britain
    • Hambrey M.J., Huddart D., Bennett M.R., Glasser N.F. Genesis of 'hummocky moraines' by thrusting in glacier ice: evidence from Svalbard and Britain. Journal of the Geological Society 1997, 154:623-632.
    • (1997) Journal of the Geological Society , vol.154 , pp. 623-632
    • Hambrey, M.J.1    Huddart, D.2    Bennett, M.R.3    Glasser, N.F.4
  • 37
    • 0027092094 scopus 로고
    • Sturzstrom of fossil rock glacier? A reinterpretation of the relict boulder deposit, Cwm Bochlwyd, North Wales
    • Harrison S. Sturzstrom of fossil rock glacier? A reinterpretation of the relict boulder deposit, Cwm Bochlwyd, North Wales. Quaternary Newsletter 1992, 6:22-25.
    • (1992) Quaternary Newsletter , vol.6 , pp. 22-25
    • Harrison, S.1
  • 38
    • 78549259656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Pleistocene mountain glacier response to North Atlantic climate change in southwest Ireland
    • Harrison S., Glasser N., Anderson E., Ivy-Ochs S., Kubik P.W. Late Pleistocene mountain glacier response to North Atlantic climate change in southwest Ireland. Quaternary Science Reviews 2010, 29:3948-3955.
    • (2010) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.29 , pp. 3948-3955
    • Harrison, S.1    Glasser, N.2    Anderson, E.3    Ivy-Ochs, S.4    Kubik, P.W.5
  • 39
    • 40749089940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relict rock glaciers and protalus lobes in the British Isles: implications for Late Pleistocene mountain geomorphology and palaeoclimate
    • Harrison S., Whalley B., Anderson E. Relict rock glaciers and protalus lobes in the British Isles: implications for Late Pleistocene mountain geomorphology and palaeoclimate. Journal of Quaternary Science 2008, 23:287-304.
    • (2008) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.23 , pp. 287-304
    • Harrison, S.1    Whalley, B.2    Anderson, E.3
  • 40
    • 0036184475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loch Lomond Stadial glaciers in the Aran and Arenig Mountains, North Wales, Great Britain
    • Hughes P.D. Loch Lomond Stadial glaciers in the Aran and Arenig Mountains, North Wales, Great Britain. Geological Journal 2002, 37:9-15.
    • (2002) Geological Journal , vol.37 , pp. 9-15
    • Hughes, P.D.1
  • 41
    • 57649128343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of a Montenegro glacier to extreme summer heatwaves in 2003 and 2007
    • Hughes P.D. Response of a Montenegro glacier to extreme summer heatwaves in 2003 and 2007. Geografiska Annaler 2008, 90A:259-267.
    • (2008) Geografiska Annaler , vol.90 A , pp. 259-267
    • Hughes, P.D.1
  • 42
    • 69949142520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) glaciers and climate in Wales
    • Hughes P.D. Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) glaciers and climate in Wales. Geological Journal 2009, 44:375-391.
    • (2009) Geological Journal , vol.44 , pp. 375-391
    • Hughes, P.D.1
  • 43
    • 38349106134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a degree-day model to reconstruct Pleistocene glacial climates
    • Hughes P.D., Braithwaite R.J. Application of a degree-day model to reconstruct Pleistocene glacial climates. Quaternary Research 2008, 69:110-116.
    • (2008) Quaternary Research , vol.69 , pp. 110-116
    • Hughes, P.D.1    Braithwaite, R.J.2
  • 44
    • 0020899591 scopus 로고
    • Two postglacial pollen profiles from the uplands of Snowdonia, Gwynedd, North Wales
    • Ince J.J. Two postglacial pollen profiles from the uplands of Snowdonia, Gwynedd, North Wales. New Phytologist 1983, 95:159-172.
    • (1983) New Phytologist , vol.95 , pp. 159-172
    • Ince, J.J.1
  • 45
    • 0033500089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing and modelling late Weichselian climates: the Younger Dryas in Europe as a case study
    • Isarin R.F.B., Renssen H. Reconstructing and modelling late Weichselian climates: the Younger Dryas in Europe as a case study. Earth Science Reviews 1999, 48:1-38.
    • (1999) Earth Science Reviews , vol.48 , pp. 1-38
    • Isarin, R.F.B.1    Renssen, H.2
  • 46
    • 0032454995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the North Atlantic Ocean on the Younger Dryas climate in northwestern and central Europe
    • Isarin R.F.B., Renssen H., Vandenberghe J. The impact of the North Atlantic Ocean on the Younger Dryas climate in northwestern and central Europe. Journal of Quaternary Science 1998, 13:447-453.
    • (1998) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.13 , pp. 447-453
    • Isarin, R.F.B.1    Renssen, H.2    Vandenberghe, J.3
  • 47
    • 13344277978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoglaciology of the Welsh sector of the British-Irish Ice Sheet
    • Jansson K.N., Glasser N.F. Palaeoglaciology of the Welsh sector of the British-Irish Ice Sheet. Journal of the Geological Society 2005, 162:25-37.
    • (2005) Journal of the Geological Society , vol.162 , pp. 25-37
    • Jansson, K.N.1    Glasser, N.F.2
  • 48
    • 39049155379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronisation of palaeoenvironmental events in the North Atlantic region during the last termination: a revised protocol recommended by the INTIMATE group
    • INTIMATE group
    • Lowe J.J., Rasmussen S.O., Björck S., Hoek W.Z., Steffensen J.P., Walker M.J.C., Yu Z.C., INTIMATE group Synchronisation of palaeoenvironmental events in the North Atlantic region during the last termination: a revised protocol recommended by the INTIMATE group. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:6-17.
    • (2008) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.27 , pp. 6-17
    • Lowe, J.J.1    Rasmussen, S.O.2    Björck, S.3    Hoek, W.Z.4    Steffensen, J.P.5    Walker, M.J.C.6    Yu, Z.C.7
  • 50
    • 33645023363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How extreme was northern hemisphere seasonality during the Younger Dryas
    • Lie Ø., Paasche Ø. How extreme was northern hemisphere seasonality during the Younger Dryas. Quaternary Science Reviews 2006, 25:404-407.
    • (2006) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.25 , pp. 404-407
    • Lie, Ø.1    Paasche, Ø.2
  • 51
    • 33846145088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphostratigraphic principles in glacier reconstruction: a perspective from the British Younger Dryas
    • Lukas S. Morphostratigraphic principles in glacier reconstruction: a perspective from the British Younger Dryas. Progress in Physical Geography 2006, 30:719-736.
    • (2006) Progress in Physical Geography , vol.30 , pp. 719-736
    • Lukas, S.1
  • 52
    • 77954552038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of a Lateglacial (Younger Dryas) mountain ice field in Sutherland, northwestern Scotland, and its palaeoclimatic implications
    • Lukas S., Bradwell T. Reconstruction of a Lateglacial (Younger Dryas) mountain ice field in Sutherland, northwestern Scotland, and its palaeoclimatic implications. Journal of Quaternary Science 2010, 25:567-580.
    • (2010) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.25 , pp. 567-580
    • Lukas, S.1    Bradwell, T.2
  • 54
    • 0034836692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geomorphological impact of Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial plateau icefields in the central Lake District, northwest England
    • McDougall D.A. The geomorphological impact of Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial plateau icefields in the central Lake District, northwest England. Journal of Quaternary Science 2001, 16:531-543.
    • (2001) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.16 , pp. 531-543
    • McDougall, D.A.1
  • 55
    • 33646167923 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological Office, Meteorological Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
    • Meteorological Office Average Annual Rainfall Map (1941-1970) 1977, Meteorological Office, Exeter, United Kingdom.
    • (1977) Average Annual Rainfall Map (1941-1970)
  • 56
    • 84855963175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meteorological Office, Data supplied by the Meteorological Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
    • Meteorological Office Average Annual Rainfall at Capel Curig, North Wales (1971-2009) 2010, Data supplied by the Meteorological Office, Exeter, United Kingdom.
    • (2010) Average Annual Rainfall at Capel Curig, North Wales (1971-2009)
  • 57
    • 0030426729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of snowblow in the generation of Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) glaciers in the western Pennines, northern England
    • Mitchell W.A. The significance of snowblow in the generation of Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) glaciers in the western Pennines, northern England. Journal of Quaternary Science 1996, 11:233-248.
    • (1996) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.11 , pp. 233-248
    • Mitchell, W.A.1
  • 58
    • 0027095156 scopus 로고
    • Climate at the equilibrium line of glaciers
    • Ohmura A., Kaser P., Funk M. Climate at the equilibrium line of glaciers. Journal of Glaciology 1992, 38:397-411.
    • (1992) Journal of Glaciology , vol.38 , pp. 397-411
    • Ohmura, A.1    Kaser, P.2    Funk, M.3
  • 59
    • 0342402891 scopus 로고
    • Models for the estimations of firnlines of present and Pleistocene glaciers
    • University of Bristol Press, Bristol, R.F. Peel, M.D.I. Chisholm, P. Haggett (Eds.)
    • Osmaston H.A. Models for the estimations of firnlines of present and Pleistocene glaciers. Processes in Physical and Human Geography, Bristol Essays 1975, 218-245. University of Bristol Press, Bristol. R.F. Peel, M.D.I. Chisholm, P. Haggett (Eds.).
    • (1975) Processes in Physical and Human Geography, Bristol Essays , pp. 218-245
    • Osmaston, H.A.1
  • 60
    • 21344451657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of glacier equilibrium line altitudes by the area×altitude, the area×altitude balance ratio and the area×altitude balance index methods and their validation
    • Osmaston H.A. Estimates of glacier equilibrium line altitudes by the area×altitude, the area×altitude balance ratio and the area×altitude balance index methods and their validation. Quaternary International 2005, 138/139:22-31.
    • (2005) Quaternary International , pp. 22-31
    • Osmaston, H.A.1
  • 61
    • 0000188081 scopus 로고
    • Surface exposure dating of glacial features in Great Britain using cosmogenic chlorine-36
    • Phillips F.M., Bowen D.Q., Elmore D. Surface exposure dating of glacial features in Great Britain using cosmogenic chlorine-36. Mineralogists' Magazine 1994, 58A:722-723.
    • (1994) Mineralogists' Magazine , vol.58 A , pp. 722-723
    • Phillips, F.M.1    Bowen, D.Q.2    Elmore, D.3
  • 62
    • 0002695152 scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium-line altitudes of Late Quaternary glaciers in the Southern Alps, New Zealand
    • Porter S.C. Equilibrium-line altitudes of Late Quaternary glaciers in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. Quaternary Research 1975, 5:27-47.
    • (1975) Quaternary Research , vol.5 , pp. 27-47
    • Porter, S.C.1
  • 63
    • 0035061287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowline depression in the tropics during the Last Glaciation
    • Porter S.C. Snowline depression in the tropics during the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews 2001, 20:1067-1091.
    • (2001) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.20 , pp. 1067-1091
    • Porter, S.C.1
  • 65
    • 59049088862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining modern day area-altitude balance ratios (AABRs) and their use in glacier-climate reconstructions
    • Rea B.R. Defining modern day area-altitude balance ratios (AABRs) and their use in glacier-climate reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:237-248.
    • (2009) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.28 , pp. 237-248
    • Rea, B.R.1
  • 66
    • 0031972243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface temperature in NW Europe during the Younger Dryas: AGCM simulation compared with temperature reconstructions
    • Renssen H., Isarin R.F.B. Surface temperature in NW Europe during the Younger Dryas: AGCM simulation compared with temperature reconstructions. Climate Dynamics 1998, 14:33-44.
    • (1998) Climate Dynamics , vol.14 , pp. 33-44
    • Renssen, H.1    Isarin, R.F.B.2
  • 67
    • 0034831634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the Younger Dryas climate in Europe using a regional climate model nested in an AGCM: preliminary results
    • Renssen H., Podzun R., Vandenberghe J., Isarin R.F.B., Jacob D. Simulation of the Younger Dryas climate in Europe using a regional climate model nested in an AGCM: preliminary results. Global and Planetary Change 2001, 30:41-57.
    • (2001) Global and Planetary Change , vol.30 , pp. 41-57
    • Renssen, H.1    Podzun, R.2    Vandenberghe, J.3    Isarin, R.F.B.4    Jacob, D.5
  • 68
    • 0037322969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the relationship between permafrost distribution in NW Europe and extensive winter sea-ice cover in the North Atlantic Ocean during the cold phases of the Last Glaciation
    • Renssen H., Vandenberghe J. Investigation of the relationship between permafrost distribution in NW Europe and extensive winter sea-ice cover in the North Atlantic Ocean during the cold phases of the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews 2003, 22:209-223.
    • (2003) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.22 , pp. 209-223
    • Renssen, H.1    Vandenberghe, J.2
  • 69
    • 0022178086 scopus 로고
    • The Dimlington Stadial/Dimlington Chronozone: a proposal for naming the main glacial episode of the Late Devensian in Britain
    • Rose J. The Dimlington Stadial/Dimlington Chronozone: a proposal for naming the main glacial episode of the Late Devensian in Britain. Boreas 1985, 14:225-230.
    • (1985) Boreas , vol.14 , pp. 225-230
    • Rose, J.1
  • 70
    • 84855971325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moelwyn Mawr fossil rock glacier, Blaenau Festiniog, Gwynedd
    • Quaternary Research Association, London, M.J.C. Walker, D. McCarroll (Eds.)
    • Rose J. Moelwyn Mawr fossil rock glacier, Blaenau Festiniog, Gwynedd. The Quaternary of West Wales: Field Guide 2001, 153-163. Quaternary Research Association, London. M.J.C. Walker, D. McCarroll (Eds.).
    • (2001) The Quaternary of West Wales: Field Guide , pp. 153-163
    • Rose, J.1
  • 71
    • 0018672143 scopus 로고
    • Meltwater phenomena in the area between Bala and Corwen, North Wales
    • Rowlands B.M. Meltwater phenomena in the area between Bala and Corwen, North Wales. Geological Journal 1979, 14:159-169.
    • (1979) Geological Journal , vol.14 , pp. 159-169
    • Rowlands, B.M.1
  • 73
    • 0006412748 scopus 로고
    • Late-glacial cwm glaciers in Wales
    • Seddon B. Late-glacial cwm glaciers in Wales. Journal of Glaciology 1957, 3:94-99.
    • (1957) Journal of Glaciology , vol.3 , pp. 94-99
    • Seddon, B.1
  • 74
    • 0000546216 scopus 로고
    • Late-glacial deposits as Llyn Dwythwch and Nant Ffrancon, Caernarvonshire
    • Seddon B. Late-glacial deposits as Llyn Dwythwch and Nant Ffrancon, Caernarvonshire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 1962, 244:459-481.
    • (1962) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , vol.244 , pp. 459-481
    • Seddon, B.1
  • 75
    • 0024800589 scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing glacier dynamics and erosion from glacial geomorphic evidence: Snowdon, North Wales
    • Sharp M., Dowdeswell J.A., Gemmell C.J. Reconstructing glacier dynamics and erosion from glacial geomorphic evidence: Snowdon, North Wales. Journal of Quaternary Science 1989, 4:115-130.
    • (1989) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.4 , pp. 115-130
    • Sharp, M.1    Dowdeswell, J.A.2    Gemmell, C.J.3
  • 77
    • 0007792593 scopus 로고
    • The Loch Lomond Readvance in southern Skye and some palaeoclimatic implications
    • Sissons J.B. The Loch Lomond Readvance in southern Skye and some palaeoclimatic implications. Scottish Journal of Geology 1977, 13:23-36.
    • (1977) Scottish Journal of Geology , vol.13 , pp. 23-36
    • Sissons, J.B.1
  • 78
    • 0000417838 scopus 로고
    • Palaeoclimatic inferences from former glaciers in Scotland and the Lake District
    • Sissons J.B. Palaeoclimatic inferences from former glaciers in Scotland and the Lake District. Nature 1979, 278:518-521.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.278 , pp. 518-521
    • Sissons, J.B.1
  • 79
    • 0018917737 scopus 로고
    • Palaeoclimatic inferences from Loch Lomond Advance glaciers
    • Pergamon, Oxford, J.J. Lowe, J.M. Gray, J.E. Robinson (Eds.)
    • Sissons J.B. Palaeoclimatic inferences from Loch Lomond Advance glaciers. Studies in the Lateglacial of North-West Europe 1980, 31-44. Pergamon, Oxford. J.J. Lowe, J.M. Gray, J.E. Robinson (Eds.).
    • (1980) Studies in the Lateglacial of North-West Europe , pp. 31-44
    • Sissons, J.B.1
  • 81
    • 0001069770 scopus 로고
    • Climatic inferences from former glaciers in the south-east Grampians, Scotland
    • Sissons J.B., Sutherland D.G. Climatic inferences from former glaciers in the south-east Grampians, Scotland. Journal of Glaciology 1976, 17:325-346.
    • (1976) Journal of Glaciology , vol.17 , pp. 325-346
    • Sissons, J.B.1    Sutherland, D.G.2
  • 82
    • 22744451425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for the visualization of digital elevation models for landform mapping
    • Smith M.J., Clark C.D. Methods for the visualization of digital elevation models for landform mapping. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2005, 30:885-900.
    • (2005) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.30 , pp. 885-900
    • Smith, M.J.1    Clark, C.D.2
  • 83
    • 33646520589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomorphological mapping of glacial landforms from remotely sensed data: an evaluation of the principal data sources and an assessment of their quality
    • Smith M.J., Rose J., Booth S. Geomorphological mapping of glacial landforms from remotely sensed data: an evaluation of the principal data sources and an assessment of their quality. Geomorphology 2006, 76:148-165.
    • (2006) Geomorphology , vol.76 , pp. 148-165
    • Smith, M.J.1    Rose, J.2    Booth, S.3
  • 84
    • 0021579129 scopus 로고
    • Modern glacier characteristics as a basis for inferring former climates with particular reference to the Loch Lomond Stadial
    • Sutherland D.G. Modern glacier characteristics as a basis for inferring former climates with particular reference to the Loch Lomond Stadial. Quaternary Science Reviews 1984, 3:291-309.
    • (1984) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.3 , pp. 291-309
    • Sutherland, D.G.1
  • 85
    • 45249115711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A change in seasonality in Greenland during a Dansgaard-Oeschger warming
    • Thomas E.R., Mulvaney R., Wolff E.W. A change in seasonality in Greenland during a Dansgaard-Oeschger warming. Annals of Glaciology 2008, 48:19-24.
    • (2008) Annals of Glaciology , vol.48 , pp. 19-24
    • Thomas, E.R.1    Mulvaney, R.2    Wolff, E.W.3
  • 86
    • 0022891359 scopus 로고
    • A mountain icefield of Loch Lomond Stadial age, western Grampians, Scotland
    • Thorp P. A mountain icefield of Loch Lomond Stadial age, western Grampians, Scotland. Boreas 1986, 15:83-97.
    • (1986) Boreas , vol.15 , pp. 83-97
    • Thorp, P.1
  • 87
    • 0006657463 scopus 로고
    • Some Aspects of the Glacial Geomorphology of Snowdonia, North Wales
    • Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis. University College of London (UCL).
    • Unwin, D.J., 1970. Some Aspects of the Glacial Geomorphology of Snowdonia, North Wales. Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis. University College of London (UCL).
    • (1970)
    • Unwin, D.J.1
  • 88
    • 0001856583 scopus 로고
    • The nature and origin of the corrie moraines of Snowdonia
    • Unwin D.J. The nature and origin of the corrie moraines of Snowdonia. Cambria 1975, 2:20-33.
    • (1975) Cambria , vol.2 , pp. 20-33
    • Unwin, D.J.1
  • 89
    • 2442675657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Lateglacial pollen record from Hallsenna Moor, near Seascale, Cumbria, with evidence for increased aridity during the later Loch Lomond stadial and early Holocene
    • Walker M.J.C. A Lateglacial pollen record from Hallsenna Moor, near Seascale, Cumbria, with evidence for increased aridity during the later Loch Lomond stadial and early Holocene. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 2004, 55:33-42.
    • (2004) Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society , vol.55 , pp. 33-42
    • Walker, M.J.C.1
  • 91
    • 0018204140 scopus 로고
    • Diatom and pollen studies of a sediment profile from Melynllyn, a mountain tarn in Snowdonia, North Wales
    • Walker R. Diatom and pollen studies of a sediment profile from Melynllyn, a mountain tarn in Snowdonia, North Wales. New Phytologist 1978, 81:791-804.
    • (1978) New Phytologist , vol.81 , pp. 791-804
    • Walker, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.