Genesis of 'hummocky moraines' by thrusting in glacier ice: Evidence from Svalbard and Britain

Journal of the Geological Society

Volumn 154, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 623-632

  Hambrey, Michael J ^a   Huddart, David ^a   Bennett, Matthew R ^b   Glasser, Neil F ^a  

^a LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Great Britain; Hummocks; Moraine; Svalbard; Thrust faults; Younger Dryas

Indexed keywords

GLACIER; GLACIER ICE; HUMMOCK; MORAINE; THRUST FAULT;

SVALBARD; UK;

EID: 0031443411     PISSN: 00167649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/gsjgs.154.4.0623     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. BALLANTYNE, C.K. & HARRIS, C. 1994. The Periglaciation of Great Britain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
2. BENN, D.I. 1992. The genesis and significance of "hummocky moraine": evidence from the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, 781-799.
3. _ & BALLANTYNE, C.K. 1994. Reconstructing the transport history of glacigenic sediments: a new approach based on the co-variance of clast form indices. Sedimentary Geology, 25, 91, 215-227.
4. _ & EVANS, D.J.A. 1993. Glaciomarine deltaic deposition and ice-marginal tectonics: the 'Loch Don Sand Moraine', Ule of Mull, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 8, 279-291.
5. _, LOWE, J.J. & WALKER, M.J.C. 1992. Glacier response to climatic change during the Loch Lomond Stadial and early Flandrian: geomorphological and palynological evidence from the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 125-144.
6. BENNETT, M.R. 1990. The deglaciation of Glen Croulin, Knoydart. Scottish Journal of Geology, 26, 41-46.
7. _ 1994. Morphological evidence as a guide to deglaciation following the Loch Lomond Readvance: a review of research approaches and models. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 110, 24-32.
8. _ 1995. The morphology of glacially fluted terrain: examples from the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 106, 27-38.
9. _ & BOULTON, G.S. 1993a. A reinterpretation of Scottish 'hummocky moraine' and its significance for the deglaciation of the Scottish Highlands during the Younger Dryas or Loch Lomond Stadial. Geological Magazine, 130, 301-318.
10. _ & _ 1993b. The deglaciation of the Younger Dryas or Loch Lomond Stadial ice-field in the Northern Highlands, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 8, 133-145.
11. _ & GLASSER, N.F. 1991. The glacial landforms of Glen Geusachan, Cairngorms: a reinterpretation. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 107, 116-123.
12. _, HAMBREY, M.J., HUDDART, D. & GHIENNE, J.F. 1996a. The formation of geometrical ridge networks ("crevasse-fill" ridges), Kongsvegen, Svalbard. Journal of Quaternary Science, 11, 430-438.
13. _, HUDDART, D., HAMBREY, M.J. & GHIENNE, J.F. 1996b. Moraine development at the high-arctic valley glacier, Pedersenbreen, Svalbard. Geografiska Annaler, 78A, 209-222.
14. _, HAMBREY, M.J. & HUDDART, D. 1997. Modification of clast shape in high-arctic glacial environments. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67, 550-559.
15. BOULTON, G.S. 1967. The development of a complex supraglacial moraine at the margin of Sørbreen, Ny Friesland. Vestspitsbergen. Journal of Glaciology, 6, 717-735.
16. _ 1970. On the origin and transport of englacial debris in Svalbard glaciers. Journal of Glaciology, 9, 213-229.
17. _ 1986. Push-moraines and glacier-contact fans in marine and terrestrial environments. Sedimentology, 33, 677-698.
18. COOPE, G.R. & BROPHY, J.A. 1972. Late Glacial environmental change indicated by coleopteran succession from North Wales. Boreas, 1, 97-142.
19. CROOT, D.G. 1987. Glaciotectonic structures: a meso-scale model of thin-skinned thrust sheets? Journal of Structural Geology, 9, 797-809.
20. DANSGAARD, W., WHITE, J.W.C. & JOHNSEN, S.J. 1989. The abrupt termination of the Younger Dryas climate event. Nature, 339, 532-534.
21. DOWDESWELL, J.A. & WHITE, J.W.C. 1995. Greenland ice core records and rapid climate change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, A352, 359-371.
22. EYLES, N. 1983. Modern Icelandic glaciers as depositional models for 'hummocky moraine' in the Scottish Highlands. In: EVENSEN, E.B., SCHLÜCHTER, CH. & RABSON, J. (eds) Tills and Related deposits. Balkema, Rotterdam, 47-60.
23. FAIRBANKS, R.G. 1989. A 17,000 year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation. Nature, 342, 637-642.
24. GRAVENOR, C.P. & KUPSCH, W.O. 1959. Ice disintegation features in western Canada. Journal of Geology, 67, 48-64.
25. HAGEN, J.O. & STÆRANG, A. 1991. Radio-echo soundings of sub-polar glaciers with low-frequency radar. Polar Research, 26, 15-57.
26. _, LIESTØL, O., POLAND, E. & JØRGENSEN, T. 1993. Glacier Atlas of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norsk Polarinstitutt Meddelelser, 129.
27. HAMBREY, M.J. & DOWDESWELL, J.A. Structural evolution of a surge-type polythermal glacier: Hessbreen, Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology, in press.
28. _ & HUDDART, D. 1995. Englacial and proglacial glaciotectonic processes at the snout of a thermally complex glacier in Svalbard. Journal of Quaternary Science, 10, 313-326.
29. _ & MÜLLER, F. 1978. Structure and ice deformation in the White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of Glaciology, 20, 41-66.
30. _, DOWDESWELL, J.A., MURRAY, T. & PORTER, P.R. 1996. Thrusting and debris-entrainment in a surging glacier: Bakaninbreen, Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology, 22, 241-248.
31. HODGSON, D.M. 1986. A study of fluted moraines in the Torridon area, north-west Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 1, 109-118.
32. HOOKE, R. LEB. 1973. Flow near the margin of the Barnes Ice Cap, and the development of ice-cored moraines. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 84, 3929-3952.
33. HOPPE, G. 1952. Hummocky moraine regions, with special reference to the interior of Norrbotten. Geografiska Annaler, 34, 1-72.
34. _ 1959. Glacial morphology and inland ice recession in northern Sweden. Geografiska Annaler, 41, 193-212.
35. HUBBARD, B. & SHARP, M. 1995. Basal ice facies and their formation in the western Alps. Arctic & Alpine Research, 27, 301-310.
36. HUDDART, D. & HAMBREY, M.J. 1996. Sedimentary and tectonic development of a high-arctic, thrust-moraine complex: Comfortlessbreen, Svalbard. Boreas, 6, 227-243.
37. JOHNSON, M.D., MICKELSEN, D.M., CLAYTON, L. & ATTIG, J.W. 1995. Composition and genesis of glacial hummocks, western Wisconsin, U.S.A. Boreas, 24, 97-116.
38. KIRKBRIDE, M.P. & SPEDDING, N. 1996. The influence of englacial hydrology on sediment transport pathways and till texture of temperate valley glaciers. Annals of Glaciology, 22, 160-166.
39. KRUGER, J. 1996. Moraine ridges formed from subglacial frozen-on sediment slabs aand their differentiation from push moraines. Boreas, 25, 57-63.
40. LIESTØL, O. 1988. The glaciers of the Kongsfjord area, Spitsbergen. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 42, 231-238.
41. MALTMAN, A.J., BYRNE, T., KARIG, D.E. & LALLEMANT, S. 1993. Deformation at the toe of an active accretionary prism: synopsis of results from ODP Leg 131, Nankai, SW Japan. Journal of Structural Geology, 15, 949-964.
42. MATTHEWS, J.A., MCCARROLL, D. & SHAKESBY, R.A. 1995. Contemporary terminal-moraine ridge formation at a temperate glacier: Styggedalsbreen, Jotunheimen, southern Norway. Boreas, 24, 129-139.
43. MURRAY, T., GOOCH, D.L. & STUART, G.W. in press. Structures within the surge-front at Bakaninbreen, Svalbard using ground penetrating radar. Annals of Glaciology.
44. PAYNE, A.J. & SUGDEN, D.E. 1990. Topography and ice sheet growth. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15, 625-639.
45. PEACOCK, J.D. 1967. West Highland moraine features aligned in the direction of ice flow. Scottish Journal of Geology, 3, 327-373.
46. SHARP, R.P. 1949. Studies of superglacial debris on valley glaciers. American Journal of Science, 247, 289-315.
47. SHARP, M. 1985. "Crevasse-fill" ridges - a landform type characteristic of surging glaciers? Geografiska Annaler, 67A, 213-220.
48. _, DOWDESWELL, J.A. & GEMMELL, J.C. 1989. Reconstructing past glacier dynamics and erosion from glacial geomorphic evidence: Snowdon, North Wales. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 115-130.
49. SISSONS, J.B. 1967. The evolution of Scotland's scenery. Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd.
50. _ 1974a. The Quaternary of Scotland: a review. Scottish Journal of Geology, 10, 311-337.
51. _ 1974b. A lateglacial ice-field in the central Grampians, Scotland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 62, 95-114.
52. _ 1976. The geomorphology of the British Isles: Scotland. Methuen, London.
53. _ 1979. Palaeoclimatic inferences from former glaciers in Scotland and the Lake District. Nature, 278, 518-521.
54. _ 1980. Paleoclimatic inferences from Loch Lomond Advance glaciers. In: LOWE, J.J., GRAY, J.M. & ROBINSON, J.E. (eds) Studies in the Late Glacial of North West Europe. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 31-43.
55. SMALL, R.J. 1987. The glacial sediment system: an alpine perspective. In: GURNELL, A.M. & CLARK, M.J. (eds) Glacio-fluvial Sediment Transfer: an Alpine Perspective. Wiley, Chichester, 199-203.
56. SOLLID, J.L. & SØRBEL, L. 1988. Influence of temperature conditions in formation of end moraines in Fennoscandia and Svalbard. Boreas, 17, 553-558.
57. _, ETZELMÜLLER, B., VATNE, G. & ØDEGARD, R.S. 1994. Glacial dynamics, material transfer and sedimentation of Erikbreen and Hannabreen, Liefdefjorden, northern Spitsbergen. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 97, 123-144.
58. STALKER, A.M.S. 1960. Ice-pressed drift forms and associated deposits in Alberta. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 57.
59. SWINZOW, G.K. 1962. Investigation of shear zones in the ice sheet margin, Thule area, Greenland. Journal of Glaciology, 4, 215-229.
60. THORP, P.W. 1991. The glaciation and glacial deposits of the western Grampians. In: EHLERS, J., GIBBARD, P.L. & ROSE, J. (eds) Glacial deposits in Great Britain and Ireland. Balkema, Rotterdam, 137-149.
61. WEERTMAN, J. 1961. Mechanism for the formation of inner moraines found near the edge of cold ice caps and ice sheets. Journal of Glaciology, 3, 965-978.
62. WINTERS, W.A. 1961. Landforms associated with stagnant ice. Professional Geographer, 13, 19-23.