Geodynamics of synconvergent extension and tectonic mode switching: Constraints from the Sevier-Laramide orogen

Tectonics

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Wells, Michael L ^a   Hoisch, Thomas D ^b   Cruz Uribe, Alicia M ^c   Vervoort, Jeffrey D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPLIFICATION; GARNETS; HAFNIUM; LEAD; MONAZITE; PHOSPHATE MINERALS; SEPARATION; STEEL SHEET; TECTONICS;

CONTINUOUS PLATE; ISOCHRON AGE; LATE CRETACEOUS; LITHOSPHERIC; MODE SWITCHES; MODE-SWITCHING; OROGENIC BELTS; OROGENIC WEDGE; P-T PATH; PLATE CONVERGENCE; PRESSURE INCREASE; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITIES; RE-EQUILIBRATION; SUPER-CRITICAL; SYNCONVERGENT EXTENSION; THERMOBAROMETRY; WESTERN UNITED STATES;

GEODYNAMICS;

CRETACEOUS; DELAMINATION; EOCENE; GARNET; GEODYNAMICS; LARAMIDE OROGENY; OROGENY; PLATE CONVERGENCE; RHEOLOGY;

EID: 84855952310     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011TC002913     Document Type: Article

References (154)

1. Allmendinger, R. W. (1992), Fold and thrust tectonics of the Western United States exclusive of the accreted terranes, in The Cordilleran Orogen: Conterminous U.S., Geol. North Am., vol. G-3, edited by B. C. Burchfiel, P. W. Lipman, and M. L. Zoback, pp. 583-607, Geol. Soc. of Am, Boulder, Colo.
2. Anczkiewicz, R., J. Szczepäski, S. Mazur, C. Storey, Q. Crowley, and I. M. Villa (2007), Lu-Hf geochronology and trace element distribution in garnet: Implications for uplift and exhumation of ultra-high pressure granulites in the Sudetes, SW Poland, Lithos, 95, 363-380, doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2006.09. 001. (Pubitemid 46547191)
3. Annen, C., and R. S. J. Sparks (2002), Effects of repetitive emplacement of basaltic intrusions on thermal evolution and melt generation in the crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 203, 937-955, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02) 00929-9. (Pubitemid 35241764)
4. Armstrong, R. L. (1968), Sevier orogenic belt in Nevada and Utah, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 79, 429-458, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[429: SOBINA]2.0.CO;2.
5. Armstrong, R. L. (1982), Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes-From Arizona to southern Canada, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 10, 129-154, doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.10.050182.001021.
6. Armstrong, R. L., and P. Ward (1991), Evolving geographic patterns of Cenozoic magmatism in the North American Cordillera: The temporal and spatial association of magmatism and metamorphic core complexes, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 13,201-13,224, doi:10.1029/91JB00412.
7. Atwater, T., and J. M. Stock (1998), Pacific-North America plate tectonics of the Neogene southwestern United States: An update, Int. Geol. Rev., 40, 375-402, doi:10.1080/00206819809465216. (Pubitemid 28431428)
8. Axen, G. J., W. J. Taylor, and J. M. Bartley (1993), Space-time patterns and tectonic controls of Tertiary extension and magmatism in the Great Basin of the western United States, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 105, 56-76, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1993)1052.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 23388498)
9. Balanyá, J. C., V. García-Dueñas, and J. M. Azañón (1997), Alternating contractional and extensional events in the Alpujarride nappes of the Alboran Domain (Betics, Gibraltar Arc), Tectonics, 16, 226-238, doi:10.1029/96TC03871.
10. Barth, A. P., and J. S. Schneiderman (1996), A comparison of structures in the Andean Orogen of northern Chile and exhumed midcrustal structures in southern California, USA: An analogy in tectonic style?, Int. Geol. Rev., 38, 1075-1085, doi:10.1080/00206819709465383.
11. Barton, M. D. (1990), Cretaceous magmatism, metamorphism, and metallo-geny in the east-central Great Basin, in The Nature and Origin of Cordilleran Magmatism, edited by J. L. Anderson, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am.,174, 283-302.
12. Beltrando, M., J. Hermann, G. Lister, and R. Compagnoni (2007), On the evolution of orogens: Pressure cycles and deformation mode switches, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 256, 372-388, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.022. (Pubitemid 46523552)
13. Beltrando, M., G. Lister, J. Hermann, M. Forster, and R. Compagnoni (2008), Deformation mode switches in the Penninic units of the Urtier Valley (Western Alps): Evidence for a dynamic orogen, J. Struct. Geol., 30, 194-219, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2007.10.008.
14. Bird, P. (1984), Laramide crustal thickening event in the Rocky Mountain foreland and Great Plains, Tectonics, 3, 741-758, doi:10.1029/TC003i007p00741.
15. Bouvier, A., J. D. Vervoort, and P. J. Patchett (2008), The Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotopic composition of CHUR: Constraints from unequilibrated chon-drites and implications for the bulk composition of terrestrial planets, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 273, 48-57, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.010.
16. Braun, I., J.-M. Montel, and C. Nicollet (1998), Electron microprobe dating of monazites from high-grade gneisses and pegmatites of the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southern India, Chem. Geol., 146, 65-85, doi:10.1016/S0009- 2541(98)00005-9. (Pubitemid 28426478)
17. Burchfiel, B. C., and L. H. Royden (1985), North-south extension within the convergent Himalayan region, Geology, 13, 679-682, doi:10.1130/0091- 7613(1985)132.0.CO;2.
18. Camilleri, P. A. (1998), Prograde metamorphism, strain evolution, and collapse of footwalls of thick thrust sheets, a case study from the Mesozoic Sevier hinterland, U.S.A, J. Struct. Geol., 20, 1023-1042, doi:10.1016/S0191- 8141(98)00032-7. (Pubitemid 29002203)
19. Camilleri, P. A., and K. R. Chamberlain (1997), Mesozoic tectonics and metamorphism in the Pequop Mountains and Wood Hills region, northeast Nevada: Implications for the architecture and evolution of the Sevier orogen, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 109, 74-94, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997) 1092.3.CO;2.
20. Camilleri, P. A., W. A. Yonkee, J. C. Coogan, P. G. DeCelles, A. McGrew, and M. Wells (1997), Hinterland to foreland transect through the Sevier orogen, NE Nevada to SW Wyoming: Structural style, metamorphism, and kinematic history of a large contractional orogenic wedge, in Prote-rozoic to Recent Stratigraphy, Tectonics, and Volcanology, Utah, Nevada, Southern Idaho and Central Mexico, edited by P. K. Link and B. J. Kowallis, Brigham Young Univ. Geol. Stud., 42, part 1, 297-309.
21. Carrapa, B., L. Schoenbohm, P. DeCelles, M. T. Clementz, and K. Huntington (2009), Surface response to lithospheric delamniation: An example from the Puna plateau of NW Argentina, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 41, 516.
22. Cello, G., and S. Mazzoli (1996), Extensional processes driven by large-scale duplexing in collisional regimes, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 1275-1279, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(96)00054-5.
23. Cheng, H., R. L. King, E. Nakamura, J. D. Vervoort, and Z. Zhou (2008), Coupled Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd geochronology constrains garnet growth in ultra-high-pressure eclogites from the Dabie orogen, J. Metamorph. Geol., 26, 741-758, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2008.00785.x.
24. Cherniak, D. J., E. B. Watson, M. Grove, and T. M. Harrison (2004), Pb diffusion in monazite: A combined RBS/SIMS study, Geochim. Cosmo-chim. Acta, 68, 829-840, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.012. (Pubitemid 38242210)
25. Cobbold, P. R., and H. Quinquis (1980), Development of sheath folds in shear regimes, J. Struct. Geol., 5, 383-399.
26. Collins, W. J. (2002), Hot orogens, tectonic switching, and creation of continental crust, Geology, 30, 535-538, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002) 0302.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 34829859)
27. Compton, R. R., V. R. Todd, R. E. Zartman, and C. W. Naeser (1977), Oli-gocene and Miocene metamorphism, folding, and low-angle faulting in northwestern Utah, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 88, 1237-1250, doi:10.1130/0016- 7606(1977)882.0.CO;2.
28. Coney, P. J., and T. A. Harms (1984), Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: Cenozoic extensional relics of Mesozoic compression, Geology, 12, 550-554, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1984)122.0.CO;2.
29. Coney, P. J., and S. J. Reynolds (1977), Cordilleran Benioff zones, Nature, 270, 403-406, doi:10.1038/270403a0.
30. Conrad, C. P. (2000), Convective instability of thickening mantle lithosphere, Geophys. J. Int., 143, 52-70, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00214.x.
31. Conrad, C. P., and P. Molnar (1999), Convective instability of a boundary layer with temperature-and strain-rate-dependent viscosity in terms of "available buoyancy," Geophys. J. Int., 139, 51-68, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00896.x. (Pubitemid 30014898)
32. Constenius, K. N. (1996), Late Paleogene extensional collapse of the Cordilleran foreland fold and thrust belt, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 108, 20-39, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)1082.3.CO;2.
33. Cooper, F. J., J. P. Platt, R. Anczkiewicz, and M. J. Whitehouse (2010), Footwall dip of a core complex detachment fault: Thermobarometric constraints from the northern Snake Range (Basin and Range, USA), J. Metamorph. Geol, 28,997-1020, doi:10.1111/j. 1525-1314.2010.00907.x.
34. Crespi, J. M., Y.-C. Chan, and M. S. Swaim (1996), Synorogenic extension and exhumation of the Taiwan hinterland, Geology, 24, 247-250, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1996)0242.3.CO;2.
35. Cruz-Uribe, A. M. (2008) Pressure-temperature-time paths constraining the ages of thrusting in the Sevier hinterland, MS thesis, 112 pp., North. Ariz. Univ., Flagstaff.
36. Cruz-Uribe, A. M., T. D. Hoisch, M. L. Wells, and J. D. Vervoort (2008), Ages of Sevier thrusting from dating of metamorphic garnet using the Lu-Hf method, Eos Trans. AGU, 89(53), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T23C-2062.
37. Dahlen, F. A. (1984), Noncohesive critical Coulomb wedges: An exact solution, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10,125-10,133, doi:10.1029/JB089iB12p10125. (Pubitemid 15421874)
38. Dalmayrac, B., and P. Molnar (1981), Parallel thrust and normal faulting in Peru and the constraints on the state of stress, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 55, 473-481, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(81)90174-6.
39. Davis, D., J. Suppe, and F. A. Dahlen (1983), Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1153-1172, doi:10.1029/JB088iB02p01153.
40. de Capitani, C, and K. Petrakakis (2010), The computation of equilibrium assemblage diagrams with Theriak/Domino software, Am. Mineral, 95, 1006-1016, doi:10.2138/am.2010.3354.
41. DeCelles, P. G. (1994), Late Cretaceous-Paleocene synorogenic sedimentation and kinematic history of the Sevier thrust belt, northeast Utah and southwest Wyoming, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 106, 32-56, doi:10.1130/0016- 7606(1994)1062.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 24423210)
42. DeCelles, P. G. (2004), Late Jurassic to Eocene evolution of the Cordilleran thrust belt and foreland basin system, western U.S.A, Am. J. Sci., 304, 105-168, doi:10.2475/ajs.304.2.105.
43. DeCelles, P. G., and J. C. Coogan (2006), Regional structure and kinematic history of the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt, central Utah, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 118, 841-864, doi:10.1130/B25759.1. (Pubitemid 44057126)
44. DeCelles, P. G., and B. S. Currie (1996), Long-term sediment accumulation in the Middle Jurassic-early Eocene Cordilleran retroarc foreland basin system, Geology, 24, 591-594, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1996)0242.3.CO;2.
45. DeCelles, P. G., and G. Mitra (1995), History of the Sevier orogenic wedge in terms of critical taper models, northeast Utah and southwest Wyoming, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 107, 454-462, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1995) 1072.3.CO;2.
46. DeCelles, P. G., T. F. Lawton, and G. Mitra (1995), Thrust timing, growth of structural culminations, and synorogenic sedimentation in the type Sevier orogenic belt, western United States, Geology, 23, 699-702, doi:10.1130/0091- 7613(1995)0232.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 26455691)
47. DeCelles, P. G., M. N. Ducea, P. Kapp, and G. Zandt (2009), Cyclicity in Cordilleran orogenic systems, Nat. Geosci., 2, 251-257, doi:10.1038/ngeo469.
48. Dewey, J. F. (1988), Extensional collapse of orogens, Tectonics, 7, 1123-1139, doi:10.1029/TC007i006p01123.
49. DeWolf, C. P., N. Belshaw, and R. K. O'Nions (1993), A metamorphic history from micron-scale 207Pb/206Pb chronometry of Archaean monazite, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 120, 207-220, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(93) 90240-A. (Pubitemid 24422924)
50. Dickinson, W. R. (2002), The Basin and Range province as a composite extensional domain, Int. Geol. Rev., 44, 1-38, doi:10.2747/0020-6814.44.1.1.
51. Dickinson, W. R., M. A. Klute, J. Michael, S. U. Janecke, E. R. Lundin, M. A. McKittrick, and M. D. Olivares (1988), Paleogeographic and paleotectonic setting of Laramide sedimentary basins in the central Rock Mountains region, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100, 1023-1039, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1988)1002.3.CO;2.
52. Ducea, M. (2001), The California arc: Thick granitic batholiths, eclogitic residues, lithospheric-scale thrusting, and magmatic flare-ups, GSA Today, 11, 4-10, doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2001)0112.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 34186581)
53. Ducea, M. (2002), Constraints on the bulk composition and root foundering rates of continental arcs: A California arc perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B11), 2304, doi:10.1029/2001JB000643.
54. Engebretson, D. C., A. Cox, and R. G. Gordon (1985), Relative Motions Between Oceanic and Continental Plates in the Pacific Basin, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 206, 59 pp.
55. England, P. C., and G. Houseman (1989), Extension during continental convergence, with application to the Tibetan Plateau, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17,561-17,579, doi:10.1029/JB094iB12p17561.
56. England, P. E., and A. B. Thompson (1984), Pressure-temperature-time paths of regional metamorphism, I, Heat transfer during the evolution of regions of thickened crust, J. Petrol., 97, 894-928.
57. Erslev, E. A. (1993), Thrusts, back-thrusts and detachment of Rocky Mountain foreland arches, in Laramide Basement Deformation in the Rocky Mountain Foreland of the Western United States, edited by C. J. Schmidt, R. B. Chase, E. A. and Erslev, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 280, 339-358. (Pubitemid 24422313)
58. Foster, G., P. Kinny, D. Vance, C. Prince, and N. Harris (2000), The significance of monazite U-Th-Pb age data in metamorphic assemblages: A combined study of monazite and garnet chronometry, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 181, 327-340, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00212-0.
59. Froitzheim, N. (1992), Formation of recumbent folds during synorogenic crustal extension (Austroalpine nappes, Switzerland), Geology, 20, 923-926, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)0202.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 23385708)
60. Froitzheim, N., S. M. Schmid, and P. Conti (1994), Repeated change from crustal shortening to orogen-parallel extension in the Austroalpine units of Graubunden, Eclogae Geol. Helv., 87, 559-612.
61. Goldstein, A., B. Selleck, and J. W. Valley (2005), Pressure, temperature, and composition history of syntectonic fluids in a low-grade metamorphic terrane, Geology, 33, 421-424, doi:10.1130/G21143.1. (Pubitemid 40706796)
62. Grove, M., C. E. Jacobson, A. P. Barth, and A. Vucic (2003), Temporal and spatial trends of Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary underplating of Pelona and related schist beneath southern California and southwestern Arizona, in Tectonic Evolution of Northwestern Mexico and Southwestern USA, edited by S. E. Johnson et al., Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 374, 381-406.
63. Handy, M. R., A. Mulch, M. Rosenau, and C. L. Rosenberg (2001), The role of fault zones and melts as agents of weakening, hardening and differentiation of the continental crust; as synthesis, in The Nature and Tectonic Significance of Fault Zone Weakening, edited by R. Holdsworth et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 186, 305-332. (Pubitemid 32932002)
64. Harris, C. R., T. D. Hoisch, and M. L. Wells (2007), Construction of a composite pressure-temperature path: Revealing the synorogenic burial and exhumation history of the Sevier hinterland, USA, J. Metamorph. Geol., 25, 915-934, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00733.x. (Pubitemid 47491574)
65. Heller, P. L., S. S. Bowler, H. P. Chambers, J. C. Coogan, E. S. Hagen, M. W. Shuster, N. S. Winslow, and T. F. Lawton (1986), Time of initial thrusting in the Sevier orogenic belt, Idaho, Wyoming and Utah, Geology, 14, 388-391, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1986)142.0.CO;2.
66. Henderson, L. J., R. G. Gordon, and D. C. Engebretsen (1984), Mesozoic aseismic ridges on the Farallon plate and southward migration of shallow subduction during the Laramide orogeny, Tectonics, 3, 121-132, doi:10.1029/TC003i002p00121.
67. Hodges, K. V., and J. D. Walker (1992), Extension in the Cretaceous Sevier orogen, North American Cordillera, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 104, 560-569, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1992)1042.3.CO;2.
68. Hoisch, T. D., and C. Simpson (1993), Rise and tilt of metamorphic rocks in the lower plate of a detachment fault in the Funeral Mountains, Death Valley, California, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6805-6827, doi:10.1029/92JB02411.
69. Hoisch, T. D., M. L. Wells, and L. M. Hanson (2002), Pressure-temperature paths from garnet zoning: Evidence for multiple episodes of thrust burial in the hinterland of the Sevier orogenic belt, Am. Mineral., 87, 115-131. (Pubitemid 34152798)
70. Hoisch, T. D., M. L. Wells, and M. Grove (2008), Age trends in garnet-hosted monazite inclusions from upper amphibolite facies schist in the northern Grouse Creek Mountains, Utah, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72, 5505-5520, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.08.012.
71. Holdaway, M. J. (2000), Application of new experimental and garnet Margules data to the garnet-biotite geothermometer, Am. Mineral., 85, 881-892. (Pubitemid 30627806)
72. Holland, T. J. B., and R. Powell (1998), An internally consistent thermody-namic data set for phases of petrological interest, J. Metamorph. Geol., 16, 309-343, doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1998.00140.x. (Pubitemid 28388692)
73. Houseman, G. A., and P. Molnar (1997), Gravitational (Rayleigh-Taylor) instability of a layer with non-linear viscosity and convective thinning of continental lithosphere, Geophys. J. Int., 128, 125-150, doi:10.1111/j.1365- 246X.1997.tb04075.x.
74. Houseman, G. A., D. P. McKenzie, and P. Molnar (1981), Convective instability of a thickened boundary layer and its relevance for the thermal evolution of continental convergent belts, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6115-6132, doi:10.1029/JB086iB07p06115.
75. Howard, K. A. (2003), Crustal structure in the Elko-Carlin region, Nevada, during Eocene gold mineralization: Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex as a guide to the deep crust, Econ. Geol., 98, 249-268, doi:10.2113/98.2.249. (Pubitemid 37172027)
76. Hudec, M. R. (1992), Mesozoic structural and metamorphic history of the central Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex, Nevada, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 104, 1086-1100, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1992)1042.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 23384499)
77. Humphreys,E.D. (1995), Post-Laramide removal of the Farallon slab, western United States, Geology, 23, 987-990, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1995) 0232.3.CO;2.
78. Jamieson, R. A., C. Beaumont, P. Fullsack, and B. Lee (1998), Barrovian regional metamorphism: Where's the heat?, in What Drives Metamor-phism and Metamorphic Reactions?, edited by P. J. Treloar and P. J. O'Brien, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 138, 23-51. (Pubitemid 29410212)
79. Jolivet, L., and J.-P. Brun (2010), Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Aegean, Int. J. Earth Sci., 99, 109-138, doi:10.1007/s00531-008-0366-4.
80. Jordan, T., B. Isacks, R. Allmendinger, J. Brewer, V. Ramos, and C. Ando (1983), Andean tectonics related to the geometry of the subducted plate, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 94, 341-361, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1983) 942.0.CO;2.
81. Kohlstedt, D. L., B. Evans, and S. J. Mackwell (1995), Strength of the lith-osphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17,587-17,602, doi:10.1029/95JB01460.
82. Kohn, M. J. (1993), Uncertainties in differential thermodynamic (Gibbs' method) P-T paths, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 113, 24-39, doi:10.1007/ BF00320829. (Pubitemid 23388928)
83. Kohn, M. J., and F. S. Spear (1991), Error propagation for barometers 2: Application to natural rocks, Am. Mineral., 76, 138-147.
84. Labotka, T. C. (1980), Petrology of a medium-pressure regional metamor-phism terrain, Funeral Mountains, California, Am. Mineral., 65, 670-689.
85. Lewis, C., B. P. Wernicke, J. Selverstone, and J. M. Bartley (1999), Deep burial of the footwall of the northern Snake Range decollement, Nevada, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 111, 39-51, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999) 1112.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 29212536)
86. Lister, G. S., M. A. Forster, and T. J. Rawling (2001), Episodicity during orogenesis, in Continental Reactivation and Reworking, edited by J. A. Miller et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 184, 89-113, doi:10.1144/GSL. SP.2001.184.01.06. (Pubitemid 33080109)
87. Liu, L., S. Spasojevic, and M. Gurnis (2008), Reconstructing Farallon plate subduction beneath North American back to the Late Cretaceous, Science, 322, 934-938, doi:10.1126/science.1162921.
88. Liu, L., M. Gurnis, M. Seton, J. Saleeby, R. D. Müller, and J. M. Jackson (2010), The role of oceanic plateau subduction in the Laramide orogeny, Nat. Geosci., 3, 353-357, doi:10.1038/ngeo829.
89. Liu, S., and D. Nummedal (2004), Late Cretaceous subsidence in Wyoming: Quantifying the dynamic component, Geology, 32, 397-400, doi:10.1130/G20318.1. (Pubitemid 38616691)
90. Livaccari, R. F. (1991), Role of crustal thickening and extensional collapse in the tectonic evolution of the Sevier-Laramide Orogeny, Western United States, Geology, 19, 1104-1107, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991) 0192.3.CO;2.
91. Livaccari, R. F., and F. V. Perry (1993), Isotopic evidence for preservation of Cordilleran lithospheric mantle during the Sevier-Laramide Orogeny, Western United States, Geology, 21, 719-722, doi:10.1130/0091- 7613(1993)0212.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 23394745)
92. Malavieille, J. (1987), Kinematics of compressional and extensional ductile shearing deformation in a metamorphic core complex of the northeastern Basin and Range, J. Struct. Geol., 9, 541-554, doi:10.1016/0191-8141 (87)90139-8. (Pubitemid 18605169)
93. Mattinson, C. G., J. P. Colgan, J. R. Metcalf, and E. L. Miller (2007), Late Cretaceous to Paleocene metamorphism and magmatism in the Funeral Mountains metamorphic core complex, Death Valley, California, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 419, 205-224.
94. McGrew, A. J., M. T. Peters, and J. E. Wright (2000), Thermobarometric constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the East Humboldt Range metamorphic core complex, Nevada, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 112, 45-60, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2000)1122.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 32826540)
95. McKenzie, D. (1978), Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 40, 25-32, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(78) 90071-7.
96. Miller, C. F., and L. J. Bradfish (1980), An inner Cordilleran belt of muscovite-bearing plutons, Geology, 8, 412-416, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1980)82.0. CO;2.
97. Miller, D. M. (1980), Structural geology of the northern Albion Mountains, south-central Idaho, in Cordilleran Metamorphic Core Complexes, edited by M. D. Crittenden, P. J. Coney, and G. H. Davis, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 153, 399-423.
98. Miller, D. M. (1983), Allochthonous quartzite sequence in the Albion Mountains, Idaho, and proposed Proterozoic Z and Cambrian correlatives in the Pilot Range, Utah and Nevada, in Tectonic and Stratigraphic Studies in the Eastern Great Basin, edited by D. M. Miller, V. R. Todd, and K. A. Howard, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 157, 191-213.
99. Miller, D. M., and T. D. Hoisch (1995), Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah from the perspective of barometric studies, in Jurassic Magmatism and Tectonics of the North American Cordillera, edited by D. M. Miller and C. Busby, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 299, 267-294. (Pubitemid 26480311)
100. Miller, D. M., J. E. Repetski, and A. G. Harris (1991), East-trending Paleozoic continental margin near Wendover, Utah, in Paleozoic Paleo-geography of the Western United States, edited by J. D. Cooper and C. H. Stevens, Spec. Publ. Pac. Sect. SEPM, 67, 439-461.
101. Miller, E. L., P. B. Gans, J. E. Wright, and J. F. Sutter (1988), Metamorphic history of east-central Basin and Range Province, in Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of the Western United States, Rubey Vol., vol. 7, edited by W. G. Ernst, pp. 649-682, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
102. Molnar, P., and H. Lyon-Caen (1988), Some simple physical aspects of the support, structure and evolution of mountain belts, in Processes in Continental and Lithospheric Deformation, edited by S. P.-J. Clark, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 218, 179-207.
103. Molnar, P., G. A. Houseman, and C. P. Conrad (1998), Rayleigh-Taylor instability and convective thinning of mechanically thickened litho-sphere: Effects of non-linear viscosity decreasing exponentially with depth and of horizontal shortening of the layer, Geophys. J. Int., 133, 568-584, doi:10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00510.x. (Pubitemid 28424606)
104. Montel, J.-M., S. Foret, and D. Vielzeuf (2000), Preservation of old U-Th-Pb ages in shielded monazite: Example from Beni Bousera Hercynian kinzigites (Morocco), J. Metamorph. Geol., 18, 335-342, doi:10.1046/j.1525-1314. 2000.00261.x. (Pubitemid 30325379)
105. Müller, R. D., W. R. Roest, J.-Y. Royer, L. M. Gahagan, and J. G. Sclater (1997), Digital isochrons of the world's ocean floor, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3211-3214, doi:10.1029/96JB01781.
106. Patiño Douce, A. E. (1999), What do experiments tell us about the relative contributions of crust and mantle to the origin of granitic magmas?, in Understanding Granites: Integrating New and Classical Techniques, edited by A. Castro et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 168, 55-75. (Pubitemid 30334609)
107. Platt, J. P. (1986), Dynamics of orogenic wedges and the uplift of high-pressure metamorphic rocks, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 97, 1037-1053, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1986)972.0.CO;2.
108. Platt, J. P., and P. C. England (1994), Convective removal of lithosphere beneath mountain belts: Thermal and mechanical consequences, Am. J. Sci., 294, 307-336, doi:10.2475/ajs.294.3.307.
109. Poitrasson, F., S. Cheney, and D. J. Bland (1996), Contrasted monazite hydrothermal alteration mechanisms and their geochemical implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 145, 79-96, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(96) 00193-8.
110. Rahl, J. M., A. J. McGrew, and K. A. Foland (2002), Transition from contraction to extension in the northeastern Basin and Range: New evidence from the Copper Mountains, Nevada, J. Geol., 110, 179-194, doi:10.1086/338413. (Pubitemid 34412605)
111. Rawling, T. J., and G. Lister (1999), Oscillating modes of orogeny in the Southwest Pacific and the tectonic evolution of New Caledonia, in Exhumation Processes: Normal Faulting, Ductile Flow and Erosion, edited by U. Ring et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 154, 109-127. (Pubitemid 30025146)
112. Rey, P., O. Vanderhaeghe, and C. Teyssier (2001), Gravitational collapse of the continental crust: Definition, regimes and modes, Tectonophysics, 342, 435-449, doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00174-3. (Pubitemid 34077999)
113. Rossetti, F., C. Faccenna, and G. Ranalli (2002), The influence of backstop dip and convergence velocity in the growth of viscous doubly vergent oro-genic wedges: Insights from thermomechanical laboratory experiments, J. Struct. Geol., 24, 953-962, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00127-4. (Pubitemid 34264798)
114. Royden, L. H. (1993), Evolution of retreating subduction boundaries formed during continental collision, Tectonics, 12, 629-638, doi:10.1029/92TC02641. (Pubitemid 23394008)
115. Royse, F., Jr., M. A. Warner, and D. L. Reese (1975), Thrust belt structural geometry and related stratigraphic problems Wyoming Idaho-northern Utah, in Deep Drilling Frontiers of the Central Rocky Mountains, edited by D. W. Bolyard, pp. 41-54, Rocky Mt. Assoc. of Geol., Denver, Colo.
116. Saleeby, J. (2003), Segmentation of the Laramide Slab-Evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada region, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 115, 655-668, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2003)1152.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36844916)
117. Saltzer, S. D., and K. V. Hodges (1988), The Middle Mountain shear zone, southern Idaho: Kinematic analysis of an early Tertiary high-temperature detachment, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100, 96-103, doi:10.1130/0016-7606 (1988)1002.3.CO;2.
118. Scherer, E. E., K. L. Cameron, and J. Blichert-Toft (2000), Lu-Hf geochro-nology: closure temperature relative to the Sm-Nd System and the effects of trace mineral inclusions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 3413-3432, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00440-3.
119. Scherer, E., C. Münker, and K. Mezger (2001), Calibration of the lutetium-hafnium clock, Science, 293, 683-687, doi:10.1126/science.1061372. (Pubitemid 32728668)
120. Severinghaus, J., and T. Atwater (1990), Cenozoic geometry and thermal state of the subducting slabs beneath western North America, in Basin and Range Extensional Tectonics Near the Latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada, edited by B. P. Wernicke, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 176, 1-22.
121. Simpson, R. L., R. R. Parrish, M. P. Searle, and D. J. Waters (2000), Two episodes of monazite crystallization during metamorphism and crustal melting in the Everest region of the Nepalese Himalaya, Geology, 28, 403-406, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)282.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 32836051)
122. Söderlund, W., P. J. Patchett, J. D. Vervoort, and C. E. Isachsen (2004), The 176Lu decay constant determined by Lu-Hf and U-Pb isotope systematics of Precambrian mafic intrusions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 219, 311-324, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00012-3. (Pubitemid 38335592)
123. Sonder, L. J., and C. H. Jones (1999), Western United States extension: How the west was widened, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 27, 417-462, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.417. (Pubitemid 30024341)
124. Spear, F. S., S. M. Peacock, M. J. Kohn, F. P. Florence, and T. Menard (1991), Computer programs for petrologic PT-t path calculations, Am. Mineral., 76, 2009-2012.
125. Speed, R. C., M. W. Elison, and R. R. Heck (1988), Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Great Basin, in Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of the Western United States, Rubey Vol., vol. 7, edited by W. G. Ernst, pp. 572-605, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
126. Stern, R. A., and R. G. Berman (2001), Monazite U-Pb and Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe, with an application to in situ dating of an Archean metasedimentary rock, Chem. Geol., 172, 113-130, doi:10.1016/S0009- 2541(00)00239-4. (Pubitemid 32276779)
127. Stock, J. M., and P. Molnar (1988), Uncertainties and implications of the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary position of North America relative to the Farallon, Kula and Pacific plates, Tectonics, 7, 1339-1384, doi:10.1029/ TC007i006p01339.
128. Strickland, A., E. L. Miller, and J. L. Wooden (2011a), The timing of Tertiary metamorphism and deformation in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, Utah and Idaho, J. Geol., 119, 185-206, doi:10.1086/658294.
129. Strickland, A., E. L. Miller, J. L. Wooden, R. Kozdon, and J. W. Valley (2011b), Syn-extensional plutonism and peak metamorphism in the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, Am. J. Sci., 311, 261-314, doi:10.2475/04.2011.01.
130. Taylor, W. J., J. M. Bartley, M. W. Martin, J. W. Geissman, J. D. Walker, P. A. Armstrong, and J. E. Fryxell (2000), Relations between hinterland and foreland shortening: Sevier orogeny, central North American Cordillera, Tectonics, 19, 1124-1143, doi:10.1029/1999TC001141. (Pubitemid 32300343)
131. Terry, M. P., P. Robinson, M. A. Hamilton, and M. J. Jercinovic (2000), Monazite geochronology of UHP and HP metamorphism, deformation, and exhumation, Nordoyane, Western Gneiss Region, Norway, Am. Mineral., 85, 1651-1664. (Pubitemid 32050584)
132. Todd, C. S. (1998), Limits on the precision of geobarometry at low grossu-lar and anorthite content, Am. Mineral., 83, 1161-1167. (Pubitemid 29171158)
133. Usui, T., E. Nakamura, K. Kobayashi, S. Maruyama, and H. Helmstaedt (2003), Fate of the subducted Farallon Plate inferred from eclogite xeno-liths in the Colorado Plateau, Geology, 31, 589-592, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)0312. 0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36946954)
134. Vanderhaeghe, O., and C. Teyssier (2001), Partial melting and flow of oro-gens, Tectonophysics, 342, 451-472, doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(01) 00175-5.
135. Vervoort, J. D., and J. Blichert-Toft (1999), Evolution of the depleted mantle: Hf isotope evidence from juvenile rocks through time, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63, 533-556, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00274-9. (Pubitemid 29432855)
136. Vervoort, J. D., P. J. Patchett, U. Söderlund, and M. Baker (2004), The iso-topic composition of Yb and the precise and accurate determination of Lu concentrations and Lu/Hf ratios by isotope dilution using MC-ICP-MS, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q11002, doi:10.1029/2004GC000721.
137. Von Tish, D. B., R. W. Allmendinger, and J. W. Sharp (1985), History of Cenozoic extension in central Sevier Desert, west-central Utah, from COCORP seismic reflection data, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 69, 1077-1087.
138. Wallis, S. R., J. P. Platt, and S. D. Knott (1993), Recognition of syn-convergence extension in accretionary wedges with examples from the Calabrian Arc and the eastern Alps, Am. J. Sci., 293, 463-494, doi:10.2475/ajs.293.5.463. (Pubitemid 23393952)
139. Wells, M. L. (1997), Alternating contraction and extension in the hinterlands of orogenic belts: An example from the Raft River Mountains, Utah, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 109, 107-126, doi:10.1130/0016-7606 (1997)1092.3.CO;2.
140. Wells, M. L. (2011), Eocene to Miocene history of the Middle Mountain shear zone system, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 43, 49.
141. Wells, M. L., and T. D. Hoisch (2008), The role of mantle delamination in widespread Late Cretaceous extension and magmatism in the Cordilleran orogen, Western US, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 120, 515-530, doi:10.1130/B26006.1.
142. Wells, M. L., J. S. Struthers, L. W. Snee, J. D. Walker, A. E. Blythe, and D. M. Miller (1997), Miocene extensional reactivation of an Eocene extensional shear zone, Grouse Creek Mountains, Utah, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 29, A-162.
143. Wells, M. L., T. D. Hoisch, M. P. Peters, D. M. Miller, E. W. Wolff, and L. W. Hanson (1998), The Mahogany Peaks Fault, a Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene normal fault in the hinterland of the Sevier Orogen, J. Geol., 106, 623-634, doi:10.1086/516046. (Pubitemid 29139681)
144. Wells, M. L., L. W. Snee, and A. E. Blythe (2000), Dating of major normal fault systems using thermochronology: An example from the Raft River detachment, Basin and Range, western United States, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 16,303-16,327, doi:10.1029/2000JB900094.
145. Wells, M. L., J. C. Sheeley, T. L. Spell, E. D. Kelly, and T. D. Hoisch
146. Wells, M. L., M. A. Beyene, T. L. Spell, J. L. Kula, D. M. Miller, and K. A. Zanetti (2005), The Pinto shear zone, a Laramide extensional shear zone in the Mojave Desert region of the southwestern Cordilleran orogen, western United States, J. Struct. Geol., 27, 1697-1720, doi:10.1016/j. jsg.2005.03.005. (Pubitemid 41258893)
147. Wells, M. L., T. L. Spell, T. D. Hoisch, T. Arriola, and K. A. Zanetti (2008), Laserprobe 40Ar/39Ar dating of strain fringes: Mid-Cretaceous orogen-parallel extension in the interior of the Sevier orogen, Tectonics, 27, TC3012, doi:10.1029/2007TC002153.
148. Wernicke, B. (1992), Cenozoic extensional tectonics of the U.S. Cordillera, in The Cordilleran Orogen: Conterminous U.S., Geol. North Am., vol. G-3, edited by B. C. Burchfiel, P. W. Lipman, and M. L. Zoback, pp. 553-581, Geol. Soc. of Am, Boulder, Colo.
149. Willett, S. D. (1992), Dynamic and kinematic growth and change of a Coulomb wedge, in Thrust Tectonics, edited by K. R. McClay, pp. 19-31, Chapman and Hall, London, doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0-2.
150. Willett, S. D. (1999), Rheological dependence of extension in wedge models of convergent orogens, Tectonophysics, 305, 419-435, doi:10.1016/S0040- 1951(99)00034-7. (Pubitemid 29390884)
151. Wright, J. E., and J. L. Wooden (1991), New Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic data from plutons in the northern Great Basin: Implications for crustal structure and granite petrogenesis in the hinterland of the Sevier thrust belt, Geology, 19, 457-460, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)0192.3.CO;2.
152. Yonkee, W. A. (1992), Basement-cover relations, Sevier orogenic belt, northern Utah, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 104, 280-302, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1992) 1042.3.CO;2.
153. Yonkee, W. A., P. G. DeCelles, and J. Coogan (1997), Kinematics and synorogenic sedimentation of the eastern frontal part of the Sevier orogenic wedge, northern Utah:, Brigham Young Univ. Geol. Stud., 42, 355-380.
154. Zhu, X. K., R. K. O'Nions, N. S. Belshaw, and A. J. Gibb (1997), Significance of in situ SIMS chronometry of zoned monazite from the Lewisian granulites, northwest Scotland, Chem. Geol., 135, 35-53, doi:10.1016/S0009- 2541(96)00103-9.