Active tuning of mid-infrared metamaterials by electrical control of carrier densities

Optics Express

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 1903-1911

  Jun, Young Chul ^a   Gonzales, Edward ^a   Reno, John L ^a   Shaner, Eric A ^a   Gabbay, Alon ^a   Brener, Igal ^a  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INFRARED DEVICES; METAMATERIALS;

CHIP-SCALE; ELECTRIC BIAS; ELECTRICAL CONTROL; ELECTRICAL TUNING; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; FREQUENCY-TUNING; GAAS; MIDINFRARED; N-DOPED; NOVEL APPLICATIONS; PLASMONIC; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUMS;

TUNING;

GALLIUM; GALLIUM ARSENIDE; METAL; ORGANOARSENIC DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INFRARED RADIATION; INSTRUMENTATION; MATERIALS; MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; THEORETICAL MODEL;

ARSENICALS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; GALLIUM; INFRARED RAYS; MANUFACTURED MATERIALS; METALS; MICROSCOPY; MODELS, THEORETICAL; SEMICONDUCTORS; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE;

EID: 84855934323     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.001903     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, and M. C. K. Wiltshire, "Metamaterials and negative refractive index," Science 305(5685), 788-792 (2004).
2. V. M. Shalaev, "Optical negative-index metamaterials," Nat. Photonics 1(1), 41-48 (2007).
3. W. Cai and V. M. Shalaev, Optical Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer, 2009).
4. Y. Liu and X. Zhang, "Metamaterials: A new frontier of science and technology," Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(5), 2494-2507 (2011).
5. N. I. Zheludev, "A roadmap for metamaterials," Opt. Photonics News 22(3), 30-35 (2011).
6. C. M. Soukoulis and M. Wegener, "Past achievements and future challenges in the development of three-dimensional photonic metamaterials," Nat. Photonics 5, 523-530 (2011).
7. H. Tao, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt, "Reconfigurable terahertz metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(14), 147401 (2009).
8. I. M. Pryce, K. Aydin, Y. A. Kelaita, R. M. Briggs, and H. A. Atwater, "Highly strained compliant optical metamaterials with large frequency tunability," Nano Lett. 10(10), 4222-4227 (2010).
9. D. H. Werner, D.-H. Kwon, I. C. Khoo, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev, "Liquid crystal clad near-infrared metamaterials with tunable negative-zero-positive refractive indices," Opt. Express 15(6), 3342-3347 (2007).
10. 2 phase transition," Opt. Express 17(20), 18330-18339 (2009).
11. T. Driscoll, H.-T. Kim, B.-G. Chae, B.-J. Kim, Y.-W. Lee, N. M. Jokerst, S. Palit, D. R. Smith, M. Di Ventra, and D. N. Basov, "Memory metamaterials," Science 325(5947), 1518-1521 (2009).
12. E. Kim, Y. R. Shen, W. Wu, E. Ponizovskaya, Z. Yu, A. M. Bratkovsky, S.-Y. Wang, and R. S. Williams, "Modulation of negative index metamaterials in the near-IR range," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(17), 173105 (2007).
13. D. J. Cho, W. Wu, E. Ponizovskaya, P. Chaturvedi, A. M. Bratkovsky, S.-Y. Wang, X. Zhang, F. Wang, and Y. R. Shen, "Ultrafast modulation of optical metamaterials," Opt. Express 17(20), 17652-17657 (2009).
14. H.-T. Chen, W. J. Padilla, J. M. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt, "Active terahertz metamaterial devices," Nature 444(7119), 597-600 (2006).
15. B. S. Passmore, D. G. Allen, S. R. Vangala, W. D. Goodhue, D. Wasserman, and E. A. Shaner, "Mid-infrared doping tunable transmission through subwavelength metal hole arrays on InSb," Opt. Express 17(12), 10223-10230 (2009).
16. X. Miao, B. Passmore, A. Gin, W. Langston, S. Vangala, W. Goodhue, E. Shaner, and I. Brener, "Doping tunable resonance: Toward electrically tunable mid-infrared metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(10), 101111 (2010).
17. K. Anglin, T. Ribaudo, D. C. Adams, X. Qian, W. D. Goodhue, S. Dooley, E. A. Shaner, and D. Wasserman, "Voltage-controlled active mid-infrared plasmonic devices," J. Appl. Phys. 109(12), 123103 (2011).
18. M. Osawa, "Surface-enhanced infrared absorption," in Near-Field Optics and Surface Plasmon Polaritons, S. Kawata, ed. (Springer-Verlag, 2001). p. 163.
19. M. Vollmer and K.-P. Möllmann, Infrared Thermal Imaging: Fundamentals, Research, and Applications (Wiley-VCH, 2010).
20. R. Martini, C. Gmachl, J. Falciglia, F. G. Curti, C. G. Bethea, F. Capasso, E. A. Whittaker, R. Paiella, A. Tredicucci, A. L. Hutchinson, D. L. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho, "High-speed modulation and free-space optical audio/video transmission using quantum cascade lasers," Electron. Lett. 37(3), 191-193 (2001).
21. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th ed. (Wiley, 1995).
22. "Semiconductors on NSM," http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/.
23. A. Raymond, J. L. Robert, and C. Bernard, "The electron effective mass in heavily doped GaAs," J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 12(12), 2289-2293 (1979).
24. M. Cardona, "Electron effective masses of InAs and GaAs as a function of temperature and doping," Phys. Rev. 121(3), 752-758 (1961).
25. J. S. Blakemore, "Semiconducting and other major properties of gallium arsenide," J. Appl. Phys. 53(10), R123-R181 (1982).
26. R. F. Pierret, Semiconductor Device Fundamentals (Addison Wesley, 1996)
27. Lumerical Simulations, http://www.lumerical.com
28. E. D. Palik, Handbook of Optical Constants and Solids (Academic, 1985).
29. D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, and D. R. Smith, "Electric-field-coupled resonators for negative permittivity metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(4), 041109 (2006).
30. C. J. Sandroff, R. N. Nottenburg, J.-C. Bischoff, and R. Bhat, "Dramatic enhancement in the gain of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure bipolar transistor by surface chemical passivation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 51(1), 33-35 (1987).
31. T. Ohno, "Sulfur passivation of GaAs surfaces," Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 44(12), 6306-6311 (1991).
32. E. A. Shaner, J. G. Cederberg, and D. Wasserman, "Electrically tunable extraordinary optical transmission gratings," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(18), 181110 (2007).