The patterns of history

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 14-26

  Fukuyama, Francis ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855893971     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: 10863214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2012.0005     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Francis Fukuyama, The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011).
2. Barrington Moore, Jr., Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World (Boston: Beacon, 1966), 228-313.
3. See Gerald L. Curtis, The Logic of Japanese Politics: Leaders, Institutions, and the Limits of Change (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999).
4. On the economic side, see Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini, The Economic Effects of Constitutions (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003).
5. Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, "Elections Without Democracy: The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism," Journal of Democracy 13 (April 2002): 51-65
6. Andreas Schedler, Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2006)
7. Schedler, "Elections Without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation," Journal of Democracy 13 (April 2002): 36-50.
8. This distinction was originally made in Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965).
9. One of the more comprehensive efforts to characterize such states is Juan J. Linz, Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2000).
10. Aristotle, Politics III.v.1. Marc Plattner noted the utility of this taxonomy in making distinctions among authoritarian regimes in a presentation to the Draper Hills Summer Fellows at Stanford University, 2011.
11. For examples of how constrained Chinese emperors were in the Ming Dynasty
12. see Ray Huang, 1587, A Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981).
13. See http://transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results.
14. Minxin Pei, "China and East Asian Democracy: Is CCP Rule Fragile or Resilient?" Journal of Democracy 23 (January 2012): 27-41.
15. Martin Shefter, Political Parties and the State: The American Historical Experience (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), 30-31.
16. See Fukuyama, Origins of Political Order, ch. 21.
17. See Tianjian Shi, "China: Democratic Values Supporting an Authoritarian System," in Yun-han Chu et al., eds., How East Asians View Democracy (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008), 209-37.
18. Gary W. Cox and Mathew D. McCubbins, "The Institutional Determinants of Economic Policy Outcomes," in Stephan Haggard and Mathew D. McCubbins, eds., Presidents, Parliaments, and Policy: Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 21-63.
19. See Mancur Olson, The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982).
20. See, for example, Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints, Distributive Conflicts and the State (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).
21. Raghuram G. Rajan, Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010).