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In the case of (6-11), interactions of spinons with a U(1) gauge field probably lead to a non-Fermi liquid.
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84922750078
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±1/2 denotes the charge on the electric particle, m denotes a magnetic particle, and the ... denote an infinite sequence of additional particles with charge shifted by any integer.
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Supporting material is available on
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Supporting material is available on Science Online.
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84922706241
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note
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There is a possibility to have a first-order transition for any finite temperature (for large enough V/t) but a continuous transition at zero temperature without any fine tuning if one has a term in the free energy that makes the transition weakly first-order, and this term is only relevant in two dimensions and irrelevant in 2+1 dimensions. We thank L. Balents for pointing this out.
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