Visual analysis of large graphs: State-of-the-art and future research challenges

Computer Graphics Forum

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1719-1749

  Von Landesberger, T ^a,b   Kuijper, A ^a,b,c   Schreck, T ^a   Kohlhammer, J ^b   Van Wijk, J J ^d   Fekete, J D ^e   Fellner, D W ^a,b,c  

^a DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b FRAUNHOFER IGD   (Germany)

^c GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^d EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^e INRIA   (France)

Author keywords

Graph interaction; Graph visualization; Visual analytics; Visual graph analysis

Indexed keywords

SURVEYS; VISUALIZATION;

GRAPH ANALYSIS METHOD; GRAPH INTERACTION; GRAPH VISUALIZATION; INTERACTION TECHNIQUES; NAVIGATION TECHNIQUES; VISUAL ANALYTICS; VISUAL GRAPH; VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUE;

GRAPHIC METHODS;

EID: 84855805491     PISSN: 01677055     EISSN: 14678659     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2011.01898.x     Document Type: Article

References (198)

1. [AAM07] ARCHAMBAULT D., AUBER D., MUNZNER T.: Topolayout: multilevel graph layout by topological features. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 2 (2007), 305-317.
2. [ACJM03] AUBER D., CHIRICOTA Y., JOURDAN F., MELANCON G.: Multiscale visualization of small world networks. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Washington, DC, USA, 2003), IEEE Press, pp. 75-81.
3. [ADWM04] ADAI A. T., DATE S. V., WIELAND S., MARCOTTE E. M.: LGL: creating a map of protein function with an algorithm for visualizing very large biological networks. Journal of Molecular Biology 340, 1 (June 2004), 179-190.
4. [AF07] APPERT C., FEKETE J.-D.: Naviguer dans des grands arbres avec controltree. In Proceedings of International Conference of the Association Francophone d'Interaction Homme-Machine (New York, NY, USA, 2007), ACM, New York, pp. 139-142.
5. [AH98] ANDREWS K., HEIDEGGER H.: Information slices: visualising and exploring large hierarchies using cascading, semi-circular discs. In Late Breaking Hot Topic Paper, Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Washington, DC, USA, 1998), IEEE Press.
6. [AK07] ANDREWS K., KASANICKA J.: A comparative study of four hierarchy browsers using the hierarchical visualisation testing environment (HVTE). In Proceedings of International Conference Information Visualization (Washington, DC, USA, 2007), IEEE Press, pp. 81-86.
7. [AMA08] ARCHAMBAULT D., MUNZNER T., AUBER D.:Grouseflocks: Steerable exploration of graph hierarchy space. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 4 (July/August 2008), 900-913.
8. [AMA09] ARCHAMBAULT D., MUNZNER T., AUBER D.: Tuggraph: path-preserving hierarchies for browsing proximity and paths in graphs. In Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (Beijing, China, 2009), IEEE Press, pp. 113-120.
9. [APP10] ARCHAMBAULT D., PURCHASE H. C., PINAUD B.: Difference map readability for dynamic graphs. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Graph Drawing (Konstanz, Germany, 2010), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer Verlag, Berlin), pp. 50-61.
10. [Arc09] ARCHAMBAULT D.: Structural differences between two graphs through hierarchies. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface (Toronto, ON, Canada, 2009), Canadian Information Processing Society, pp. 87-94.
11. [AvH04] ABELLO J., van Ham F.: Matrix zoom: a visual interface to semi-external graphs. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Washington, DC, USA, 2004), IEEE, New York, pp. 183-190.
12. [AWS92] AHLBERG C., WILLIAMSON C., SHNEIDERMAN B.: Dynamic queries for information exploration: an implementation and evaluation. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York, NY, USA, 1992), ACM Press, pp. 619-626.
13. [AWW09] ANDREWS K., WOHLFAHRT M., WURZINGER G.: Visual graph comparison. In Proceedings of International Conference on Information Visualisation (Columbus, USA, 2009), IEEE Press, pp. 62-67.
14. [BBBL09] BACHMAIER C., BRANDENBURG F. J., BRUNNER W., LOVÁSZ G.: Cyclic leveling of directed graphs. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5417 (2009), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 348-359.
15. [BBD08] BURCH M., BECK F., DIEHL S.: Timeline trees: visualizing sequences of transactions in information hierarchies. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (Napoli, Italy, 2008), ACM Press, New York, pp. 75-82.
16. [BBD09] BECK F., BURCH M., DIEHL S.: Towards an aesthetic dimensions framework for dynamic graph visualisations. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Visualisation (Columbus, USA, 2009), IEEE Press, pp. 592-597.
17. [BBG∗09] BLAAS J., BOTHA C., GRUNDY E., JONES M., LARAMEE R., POST F.: Smooth graphs for visual exploration of higher-order state transitions. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15, 6 (2009), 969-976.
18. [BC03] BRANDES U., CORMAN S. R.: Visual unrolling of network evolution and the analysis of dynamic discourse. Information Visualization 2 (2003), 40-50.
19. [BCD∗10] BEZERIANOS A., CHEVALIER F., DRAGICEVIC P., ELMQVIST N., FEKETE J.-D.: Graphdice: a system for exploring multivariate social networks. Computer Graphics Forum 29, 3 (2010), 863-872.
20. [BD08] BURCH M., DIEHL S.: Timeradartrees: visualizing dynamic compound digraphs. Computer Graphics Forum 27, 3 (2008), 823-830.
21. [BDF∗10] BEZERIANOS A., DRAGICEVIC P., FEKETE J.-D., BAE J., WATSON B.: Genea Quilts: a system for exploring large genealogies. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 16, 6 (2010), 1073-1081.
22. [BDJ05] BRODLIE K.W., DUKE D. J., JOY K. I.:Arctrees: visualizing relations in hierarchical data. In Proceedings of the Joint Eurographics and IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization. P. Neumann, S. Schlechtweg and S. Carpendale (Eds.) (Leeds, UK, 2005), IEEE Press, pp. 53-60.
23. [BDL05] BALZER M., DEUSSEN O., LEWERENTZ C.: Voronoi treemaps for the visualization of software metrics. In Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Software Visualization (Saint Louis, Missouri, USA, 2005), ACM, New York, pp. 165-172.
24. [BDL∗10] BATAGELJ V., DIDIMO W., LIOTTA G., PALLADINO P., PATRIGNANI M.: Visual analysis of large graphs using (x, y)-clustering and hybrid visualizations. In Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (Taipei, Taiwan, 2010), IEEE Press, pp. 209-216.
25. [Bed01] BEDERSON B. B.: Photomesa: a zoomable image browser using quantum treemaps and bubblemaps. In Proceedings of ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Orlando, Florida, 2001), ACM, New York, pp. 71-80.
26. [BHvW99] BRULS M., HUIZING K., VAN Wijk J.: Squarified treemaps. In Proceedings of the Joint Eurographics and IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization (Vienna, Austria, 1999), IEEE Press, pp. 33-42.
27. [BL09] BERTINI E., LALANNE D.: Surveying the complementary role of automatic data analysis and visualization in knowledge discovery. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Visual Analytics and Knowledge Discovery (Paris, France, 2009), ACM, New York, pp. 12-20.
28. [BMGK08] BARSKY A., MUNZNER T., GARDY J., KINCAID R.: Cerebral: visualizing multiple experimental conditions on a graph with biological context. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 6 (2008), 1253-1260.
29. [BMZ∗06] BRENNAN S., MUELLER K., ZELINSKY G., RAMAKRISHNAN I., WARREN D., KAUFMAN A.: Toward a multi-analyst, collaborative framework for visual analytics. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 2006), IEEE Press, pp. 129-136.
30. [BN01] BARLOW T., NEVILLE P.: A comparison of 2-D visualizations of hierarchies. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (San Diego, CA, USA, 2001), IEEE Press, pp. 131-138.
31. [BRL09] BERTINI E., RIGAMONTI M., LALANNE D.: Extended excentric labeling. Computer Graphics Forum 28 (2009), 927-934.
32. [BRSG07] BENNETT C., RYALL J., SPALTEHOLZ L., GOOCH A.: The aesthetics of graph visualization. In Proceedings of Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging (Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2007), Eurographics, Switzerland.
33. [BSP∗93] BIER E. A., STONE M. C., PIER K., BUXTON W., DEROSE T. D.: Toolglass and Magic Lenses: the See-Through Interface. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (New York, NY, USA, 1993), SIGGRAPH '93, ACM Press, New York, pp. 73-80.
34. [BSW02] BEDERSON B. B., SHNEIDERMAN B., WATTENBERG M.: Ordered and quantum treemaps: making effective use of 2D space to display hierarchies. ACM Transactions on Graphics 21, 4 (2002), 833-854.
35. [CBTT95] COHEN R. F., BATTISTA G. D., TAMASSIA R., TOLLIS I. G.: Dynamic graph drawings: trees, series-parallel digraphs, and planar st-digraphs. SIAM Journal of Computer 24 (1995), 970-1001.
36. [CC07] COLLINS C., CARPENDALE S.: Vis Link: revealing relationships amongst visualizations. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 6 (2007), 1192-1199.
37. [CGK∗07] CHANG R., GHONIEM M., KOSARA R., RIBARSKY W., YANG J., SUMA E., ZIEMKIEWICZ C., KERN D., SUDJIANTO A.: Wire Vis: visualization of categorical, time-varying data from financial transactions. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (Sacramento, CA, USA, 2007), IEEE Press, pp. 155-162.
38. [CJM04] CHIRICOTA Y., JOURDAN F., MELANCON G.: Metricbased network exploration and multiscale scatterplot. In IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Austin, Texas, 2004), IEEE Press, pp. 135-142.
39. [CMS99] CARD S. C., MACKINLAY J., SHNEIDERMAN B.: Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1999.
40. [CN02] CARD S. K., NATION D.: Degree-of-interest trees: a component of an attention-reactive user interface. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (New York, NY, USA, 2002), ACMPress, New York, pp. 231-245.
41. [CR98] CHI E. H.-H., RIEDL J. T.: An operator interaction framework for visualization systems. In proceeding of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 1998), IEEE Press, pp. 63-70.
42. [CSP∗06] CARD S. K., SUN B., PENDLETON B. A., HEER J., BODNAR J. W.: Time Tree: exploring time changing hierarchies. Proceeding of the Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (Baltimore, Maryland, 2006), IEEE Press, pp. 3-10.
43. [CZQ∗08] CUI W., ZHOU H., QU H., WONG P. C., LI X.: Geometry-based edge clustering for graph visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 6 (2008), 1277-1284.
44. [DBETT99] Di Battista G., EADES P., TAMASSIA R., TOLLIS I. G.: Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs. Prentice-Hall, 1999.
45. [DGK01] DIEHL S., GOERG C., KERREN A.: Preserving the mental map using foresighted layout. In Proceedings of Joint Eurographics, IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization (Ascona, Switzerland, 2001), IEEE Press, pp. 175-184.
46. [DHKS05] DAYAL U., HAO M., KEIM D., SCHRECK T.: Importance driven visualization layouts for large time-series data. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (2005), IEEE Press, pp. 203-210.
47. [Die05] DIESTEL R.: Graph Theory. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2005.
48. [DK05] DWYER T., KOREN Y.: DIG-COLA: directed graph layout through constrained energy minimization. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2005), IEEE Press, p. 9.
49. [DLF∗09 ] DWYER T., LEE B., FISHER D., QUINN K. I., ISENBERG P., ROBERTSON G., NORTH C.: A comparison of user-generated and automatic graph layouts. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15, 6 (2009), IEEE Press, pp. 961-968.
50. [dMB05] DE NOOY W., MRVAR A., BATAGELJ V.: Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, USA, 2005.
51. [DMS∗08] DWYER T., MARRIOTT K., SCHREIBER F., STUCKEY P., WOODWARD M., WYBROW M.: Exploration of networks using overview+detail with constraint-based cooperative layout. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 6 (2008), 1293-1300.
52. [DMW09a] DWYER T., MARRIOTT K., WYBROW M.: Dunnart: a constraint-based network diagram authoring tool. Graph Drawing 5417 (2009), 420-431.
53. [DMW09b] DWYER T., MARRIOTT K., WYBROW M.: Topology preserving constrained graph layout. In Proceedings of the Revised Papers from International Symposium on Graph Drawing (Chicago, USA, 2009), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 230-241.
54. [Dog02] DOGRUSOZ U.: Two-dimensional packing algorithms for layout of disconnected graphs. Information Sciencies 143, 1-4 (2002), 147-158.
55. [DPS02] DÍAZ J., PETIT J., SERNA M.: A survey of graph layout problems. ACM Computing Surveys 34, 3 (2002), 313-356.
56. [Ead84] EADES P.:Aheuristic for graph drawing. Congressus Numerantium 42 (1984), 149-160.
57. [EDF10] ELMQVIST N., DRAGICEVIC P., FEKETE J.-D.: Color lens: adaptive color scale optimization for visual exploration. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 99 (2010), Rapid Posts, IEEE Press.
58. [EDG∗08] ELMQVIST N., DO T.-N., GOODELL H., HENRY N., FEKETE J.-D.: Zame: interactive large-scale graph visualization. In Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (Kyoto, Japan, 2008), IEEE Press, pp. 215-222.
59. [EF09] ELMQVIST N., FEKETE J.-D.: Hierarchical aggregation for information visualization: overview, techniques, and design guidelines. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 16, 3 (2009), 439-454.
60. [EHK∗03] ERTEN C., HARDING P. J., KOBOUROV S. G., WAMPLER K., YEE G.: Graphael: graph animations with evolving layouts. In Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Graph Drawing (Perugia, Italy, 2003), IEEE Press, pp. 98-110.
61. [ELMS91] EADES P., LAI W., MISUE K., SUGIYAMA K.: Preserving the Mental Map of a Diagram. Research Report IIAS-RR-91-16E, International Institute for Advanced Study of Social Information Science, August 1991.
62. [ERHF09] ELMQVIST N., RICHE Y., HENRY N., FEKETE J.-D.: Mélange: Space folding for visual exploration. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 99, 1 (2009).
63. [FDK02] FREIVALDS K., DOGRUSÖZ U., KIKUSTS P.: Disconnected graph layout and the polyomino packing approach. In Revised Papers from the 9th Int. Symposium on Graph Drawing (London, UK, 2002), Springer-Verlag, pp. 378-391.
64. [FHK∗09] FUNG D. C. Y., HONG S.-H., KOSCHUTZKI D., SCHREIBER F., XU K.: Visual analysis of overlapping biological networks. In Proceedings of the 2009 13th International Conference Information Visualisation (Washington, DC, USA, 2009), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 337-342.
65. [FLM95] FRICK A., LUDWIG A., MEHLDAU H.: A fast adaptive layout algorithm for undirected graphs. In Proceedings of the DIMACS International Workshop on Graph Drawing (1995), pp. 388-403.
66. [FP99] FEKETE J.-D., PLAISANT C.: Excentric labeling: dynamic neighborhood labeling for data visualization. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: the CHI is the limit (New York, NY, USA, 1999), CHI '99, ACM, pp. 512-519.
67. [FPSG10] FREIRE M., PLAISANT C., SHNEIDERMAN B., GOLBECK J.: Many Nets: an interface for multiple network analysis and visualization. In Proceedings of international conference on Human factors in computing systems (New York, NY, USA, 2010), ACM, pp. 213-222.
68. [FR91] FRUCHTERMAN T.M. J., REINGOLD E. M.: Graph drawing by force-directed placement. Software: Practice and Experience 21, 11 (1991), 1129-1164.
69. [Fre79] FREEMAN L. C.: Centrality in social networks. Social Networks 1, 3 (1979), 215-239.
70. [FT04] FRISHMAN Y., TAL A.: Dynamic drawing of clustered graphs. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Austin, TX, USA, 2004), IEEE Press, pp. 191-198.
71. [FT07] FRISHMAN Y., TAL A.:Multi-level graph layout on the GPU. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 6 (2007), 1310-1319.
72. [FT08] FRISHMAN Y., TAL A.: Online dynamic graph drawing. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 4 (2008), 727-740.
73. [Fur86] FURNAS G. W.: Generalized fisheye views. SIGCHI Bulletin 17, 4 (1986), 16-23.
74. [FWD∗03] FEKETE J.-D., WANG D., DANG N., ARIS A., PLAISANT C.: Overlaying graph links on treemaps. In Proceedings of IEEE Information Visualization Symposium Posters Compendium (Seattle, USA, 2003), IEEE Press.
75. [GBD09] GREILICH M., BURCH M., DIEHL S.: Visualizing the evolution of compound digraphs with Time Arc-Trees. Computer Graphics Forum 28, 3 (2009), 975-982.
76. [GBPD04] GÖRG C., BIRKE P., POHL M., DIEHL S.: Dynamic graph drawing of sequences of orthogonal and hierarchical graphs. In Graph Drawing (2004), Pach J. (Ed.), vol. 3383 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 228-238.
77. [GDLP09] GIACOMO E., DIDIMO W., LIOTTA G., PALLADINO P.: Visual analysis of one-to-many matched graphs. In Proceedings of the Revised Papers from International Symposium on Graph Drawing (Konstanz, Germany, 2009), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 133-144.
78. [GF01] GHONIEM M., FEKETE J.-D.: Animating treemaps. In Proceedings of 18th HCIL Symposium-Workshop on Treemap Implementations and Applications (Maryland, USA, 2001), University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
79. [GFC04] GHONIEM M., FEKETE J.-D., CASTAGLIOLA P.:Acomparison of the readability of graphs using node-link and matrix-based representations. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Austin, TX, USA, 2004), IEEE Press, pp. 17-24.
80. [GH09] GANSNER E. R., HU Y.: Efficient node overlap removal using a proximity stress model. Graph Drawing 5417 (2009), 206-217.
81. [GHGH09] GODIYAL A., HOBEROCK J., GARLAND M., HART J. C.: Rapid multipole graph drawing on the gpu. In Graph Drawing, Tollis I. G. and Patrignani M. (Eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009, pp. 90-101.
82. [GHK10] GANSNER E., HU Y., KOBOUROV S.: GMap: visualizing graphs and clusters as maps. In Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (Taipei, Taiwan, 2010), IEEE Press, pp. 210-208.
83. [GK01] GAJER P., KOBOUROV S. G.: GRIP: Graph drawing with intelligent placement. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Graph Drawing (Vienna, Austria, 2001), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 222-228.
84. [GKNV93] GANSNER E. R., KOUTSOFIOS E., NORTH S. C., Vo K.-P.: A technique for drawing directed graphs. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 19 (1993), 214-230.
85. [GKS07] GOEHLSDORF D., KAUFMANN M., SIEBENHALLER M.: Placing connected components of disconnected graphs. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Symposium on Information Visualisation (Kyoto, Japan, 2007), IEEE Press, pp. 101-108.
86. [GOB∗10] GRETARSSON B., O'DONOVAN J., BOSTANDJIEV S., HALL C., Höllerer T.: Small Worlds: Visualizing social recommendations. Computer Graphics Forum 29, 3 (2010), 833-842.
87. [GS05] GRIETHE H., SCHUMANN H.: Visualizing uncertainty for improved decision making. In Proceedings of International Conference on Perspectives in Business Informatics Research (Karlstad, Sweden, 2005), Skovde, Sweden.
88. [GS06] GRIETHE H., SCHUMANN H.: The visualization of uncertain data: methods and problems. In Proceedings of Simulation and Visualization (Trier, Germany, 2006), SCS Publishing House, GB, pp. 143-156.
89. [GZ08] GOTZ D., ZHOU M.: Characterizing users' visual analytic activity for insight provenance. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (Columbus, USA, 2008), IEEE Press, pp. 123-130.
90. [HB05] HEER J., BOYD D.: Vizster: visualizing online social networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2005), IEEE Press, pp. 32-39.
91. [HC04] HEER J., CARD S. K.: Doitrees revisited: scalable, space-constrained visualization of hierarchical data. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (New York, NY, USA, 2004), ACM Press, New York, pp. 421-424.
92. [HD10] HENRY RICHE N., DWYER T.: Untangling Euler diagrams. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 16, 6 (2010), 1090-1099.
93. [HEH09] HUANG W., EADES P., HONG S.-H.: Measuring effectiveness of graph visualizations: a cognitive load perspective. Information Visualization 8 (2009), 139-152.
94. [HF06] HENRY N., FEKETE J.-D.: Matrix Explorer: a dualrepresentation system to explore social networks. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12, 5 (2006), 677-684.
95. [HF07] HENRY N., FEKETE J.-D.: Matlink: enhanced matrix visualization for analyzing social networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2007), Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 288-302.
96. [HFM07] HENRY N., FEKETE J.-D., MCGUFFIN M.: Node Trix: a hybrid visualization of social networks. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 6 (2007), 1302-1309.
97. [HJ05] HACHUL S., JÜNGE M.: Drawing large graphs with a potential-field-based multilevel algorithm. Lecture notes in Computer Science 4372 (2005), 285-295.
98. [HJ07] HACHUL S., JÜNGER M.: Large-graph layout algorithms at work: an experimental study. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 11, 2 (2007), 234-369.
99. [HK02] HAREL D., KOREN Y.: Graph drawing by highdimensional embedding. In Proceedings of the Revised Papers from International Symposium on Graph Drawing (Irvine, CA, USA, 2002), Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 207-219.
100. [HMM00] HERMAN I., MELANCON G., MARSHALL M. S.: Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: a survey. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 6, 1 (2000), 24-43.
101. [HMSA08] HEER J., MACKINLAY J., STOLTE C., AGRAWALA M.: Graphical histories for visualization: supporting analysis, communication, and evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 6 (2008), 1189-1196.
102. [Hol06] HOLTEN D.:Hierarchical edge bundles: visualization of adjacency relations in hierarchical data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12, 5 (2006), 741-748.
103. [Hua07] HUANG W.: Using eye tracking to investigate graph layout effects. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization (Kyoto, Japan, 2007), IEEE Press, pp. 97-100.
104. [HvW08] HOLTEN D., VAN WIJK J. J.: Visual comparison of hierarchically organized data. Computer Graphics Forum 27, 3 (2008), 759-766.
105. [HvW09] HOLTEN D., VAN WIJK J. J.: A user study on visualizing directed edges in graphs. In Proceedings of International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Boston, MA, USA, 2009), ACM, New York, pp. 2299-2308.
106. [IAG∗09] IMAMICHI T., ARAHORI Y., GIM J., HONG S.-H., NAGAMOCHI H.: Removing node overlaps using multisphere scheme. In Proceedings of the Graph Drawing (Konstanz, Germany, 2009), pp. 296-301.
107. [ITC08] ISENBERG P., TANG A., CARPENDALE S.: An exploratory study of visual information analysis. In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2008), ACM Press, pp. 1217-1226.
108. [JHGH08] JIA Y., HOBEROCK J., GARLAND M., HART J.: On the visualization of social and other scale-free networks. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 6 (2008), 1285-1292.
109. [JS10] JÜRGENSMANN S., SCHULZ H.-J.: Poster: a visual survey of tree visualization. In Proceedings of IEEE Information Visualization (Salt Lake City, USA, 2010), IEEE Press.
110. [KAF∗08] KEIM D., ANDRIENKO G., FEKETE J.-D., GÖRG C., KOHLHAMMER J., MELANCON G.: Information Visualization, vol. 4950 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2008, ch. Visual Analytics: Definition, Process, and Challenges, pp. 154-175.
111. [KCH02] KOREN Y., CARMEL L., HARELD.: ACE: A fastmultiscale eigenvectors computation for drawing huge graphs. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Boston, MA, USA, 2002), IEEE Press, p. 137.
112. [Kee06] KEEL P.: Collaborative visual analytics: inferring from the spatial organization and collaborative use of information. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (Baltimore, USA, 2006), IEEE Press, pp. 137-144.
113. [KG06] KUMAR G., GARLAND M.: Visual exploration of complex time-varying graphs. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12, 5 (2006), 805-812.
114. [KK89] KAMADA T., KAWAI S.: An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs. Information Processing Letters 31, 1 (1989), Elsevier, 7-15.
115. [KKS09] KAUFMANN M., KREVELD M., SPECKMANN B.: Subdivision drawings of hypergraphs. In Proceedings of the Revised Papers from International Symposium on Graph Drawing (2009), pp. 396-407.
116. [KMS∗08] KEIM D. A., MANSMANN F., SCHNEIDEWIND J., THOMAS J., ZIEGLER H.: Visual analytics: scope and challenges, visual data mining: theory, techniques and tools for visual analytics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 4404 (2008), 76-90.
117. [Kob04] KOBSA A.: User experiments with tree visualization systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Austin, USA, 2004), IEEE Press, pp. 9-16.
118. [Koh01] KOHONEN T.: Self-Organizing Maps, 3rd ed. Springer, Berlin, 2001.
119. [Kre09] KREMPEL L.: Network visualization. In Handbook of Social Network Analysis, J. Scott and P. J. Carrington (Eds.). Sage Publishing, 2009, ch. 37.
120. [KSS06] KLUKAS C., SCHREIBER F., SCHWÖBBERMEYER H.: Coordinated perspectives and enhanced force-directed layout for the analysis of network motifs. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Symposium on Information Visualisation (Tokyo, Japan, 2006), IEEE Press, pp. 39-48.
121. [LBA10] LAMBERT A., BOURQUI R., AUBER D.: Winding roads: routing edges into bundles. Computer Graphics Forum 29, 3 (2010), 853-862.
122. [LF06] LESKOVEC J., FALOUTSOS C.: Sampling from large graphs. In Proceedings of ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Philadelphia, USA, 2006), ACM, New York, pp. 631-636.
123. [LK07] LARAMEE R. S., KOSARA R.: Challenges and unsolved problems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4417 (2007), 231-254.
124. [LPS∗06] LEE B., PLAISANT C., SIMS PARR C., FEKETE J.-D., HENRY N.: Task taxonomy for graph visualization. In Proceedings of AVI Workshop on BEyond time and Errors (Venezia, Italy, 2006), ACM, New York, pp. 1-5.
125. [LRCP07] LEE B., ROBERTSON G. G., CZERWINSKI M., PARR C. S.: Candid Tree: Visualizing structural uncertainty in similar hierarchies. Information Visualization 6 (December 2007), 233-246.
126. [LRP95] LAMPING J., RAO R., PIROLLI P.: A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA, 1995), ACMPress/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., New York, pp. 401-408.
127. [MCH∗09] MOSCOVICH T., CHEVALIER F., HENRY N., PIETRIGA E., FEKETE J.-D.: Topology-aware navigation in large networks. In Proceedings of International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Boston, USA, 2009), ACM, New York, pp. 2319-2328.
128. [Mel06] MELANCON G.: Just how dense are dense graphs in the real world: a methodological note. In Proceedings of AVI Workshop on BEyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods for Information Visualization (2006), ACM Press, New York, pp. 1-7.
129. [Mey98] MEYER B.: Competitive learning of network diagram layout. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages (Halifax, NS, Canada, Canada, 1998), IEEE Press, pp. 56-63.
130. [MGL06] MUELLER C., GREGOR D., LUMSDAINE A.: Distributed force-directed graph layout and visualization. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Parallel Graphics and Visualization (Lisbon, Portugal, 2006), IEEE Press.
131. [MGT∗03] MUNZNER T., GUIMBRETIÈRE F., TASIRAN S., ZHANG L., ZHOU Y.: Tree Juxtaposer: scalable tree comparison using focus+context with guaranteed visibility. In Proceedings of ACMSIGGRAPH (San Diego, USA, 2003), ACM, New York, pp. 453-462.
132. [MJ09] MCGUFFIN M. J., JURISICA I.: Interaction techniques for selecting and manipulating subgraphs in network visualizations. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15 (2009), 937-944.
133. [MJW∗09] MA'AYAN A., JENKINS S., WEBB R., BERGER S., PURUSHOTHAMAN S., HUSN N. A., POSNER J., FLORES T., IYENGAR R.: SNAVI: Desktop application for analysis and visualization of large-scale signaling networks. BMC Systems Biology 3, 1 (2009), 10-20.
134. [MM08] MUELDER C., MA K.-L.: Rapid graph layout using space filling curves. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 14, 6 (2008), 1301-1308.
135. [MML07] MUELLER C., MARTIN B., LUMSDAINE A.: A comparison of vertex ordering algorithms for large graph visualization. Proceedings of International Asia-Pacific Symposium on Visualization (Kyoto, Japan, 2007), IEEE Press, pp. 141-148.
136. [MMO05] MCPHERSON J., MA K.-L., OGAWA M.: Discovering parametric clusters in social small-world graphs. In Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (Santa Fe, USA, 2005), ACM, New York, pp. 1231-1238.
137. [Mun97] MUNZNER T.:H3: laying out large directed graphs in 3D hyperbolic space. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1997), pp. 2-10, 114.
138. [NCA06] NEUMANN P., CARPENDALE M. S. T., AGARAWALA A.: Phyllotrees: phyllotactic patterns for tree layout. In Proceedings of the Joint Eurographics and IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization (Lisbon, Portugal, 2006), Eurographics, pp. 59-66.
139. [Noa03] NOACK A.: Energy models for drawing clustered small-world graphs. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Graph Drawing (Perugia, Italy, 2003), Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 425-436.
140. [Nor96] NORTH S. C.: Incremental layout in Dyna DAG. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Graph Drawing (Passau, Germany, 1996), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 409-418.
141. [OCNF09] OTJACQUES B., CORNIL M., NOIRHOMME M., FELTZ F.: CGD-a new algorithm to optimize space occupation in ellimaps. In Proceedings of IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (San Diego, USA, 2009), Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 805-818.
142. [OPPROG09] OVALLE-PERANDONES M. A., PERIANESRODRIGUEZ A., OLMEDA-GOMEZ C.: Hubs and authorities in a Spanish co-authorship network. In Proceedings of International Conference Information Visualisation (Atlantic City, USA, 2009), IEEE Press, pp. 514-518.
143. [PD08] POHL M., DIEHL S.: What dynamic network metrics can tell us about developer roles. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (New York, NY, USA, 2008), ACM Press, pp. 81-84.
144. [PGB02] PLAISANT C., GROSJEAN J., BEDERSON B. B.: Spacetree: supporting exploration in large node link tree, design evolution and empirical evaluation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Boston, USA, 2002), IEEE Press, p. 57.
145. [PGS09] PLAISANT C., GRINSTEIN G., SCHOLTZ J.: Visualanalytics evaluation. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 29, 3 (2009), 16-17.
146. [PRB08] POHL M., REITZ F., BIRKE P.: As time goes by: integrated visualization and analysis of dynamic networks. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (Napoli, Italy, 2008), ACM, New York, pp. 372-375.
147. [PS06] PERER A., SHNEIDERMAN B.:Balancing systematic and flexible exploration of social networks. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12 (2006), 693-700.
148. [PS08] PERER A., SHNEIDERMAN B.: Integrating statistics and visualization: case studies of gaining clarity during exploratory data analysis. In Proceeding of SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Florence, Italy, 2008), IEEE Press, pp. 265-274.
149. [PSD09] POHL M., SCHMITT M., DIEHL S.: Comparing readability of graph layouts using eyetracking and taskoriented analysis. In Proceedings of Computer Graphics International (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 2009), Victoria, Canada.
150. [Pur97] PURCHASE H. C.: Which aesthetic has the greatest effect on human understanding & quest. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Graph Drawing (Rome, Italy, 1997), Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 248-261.
151. [PWL97] PANG A., WITTENBRINK C., LODHA. S.: Approaches to uncertainty visualization. The Visual Computer 13, 8 (1997), 370-390.
152. [RMC91] ROBERTSON G. G., MACKINLAY J. D., CARD S. K.: Cone Trees: animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, USA, 1991), ACM, New York, pp. 189-194.
153. [RPD09] REITZ F., POHL M., DIEHL S.: Focused animation of dynamic compound graphs. In Proceedings of International Conference Information Visualisation (Atlantic City, USA, 2009), IEEE Press, pp. 679-684.
154. [SA06] SHNEIDERMAN B., ARIS A.: Network visualization by semantic substrates. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12, 5 (2006), 733-740.
155. [SB92] SARKAR M., BROWN M. H.: Graphical fisheye views of graphs. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (1992), Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 83-91.
156. [SCGM00] STASKO J., CATRAMBONE R., GUZDIAL M., MCDONALD K.: An evaluation of space-filling information visualizations for depicting hierarchical structures. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53, 5 (2000), 663-694.
157. [Sch08] SCHWÖBBERMEYER H.: Analysis of Biological Networks. Wiley Series on Bioinformatics, Computational Techniques and Engineering. Wiley, 2008, ch. 5, pp. 85-112.
158. [SFL10] SUD A., FISHER D., LEE H.-P.: Fast dynamic voronoi treemaps. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Voronoi Diagrams in Science and Engineering (2010), pp. 85-94.
159. [Shn92] SHNEIDERMAN B.: Tree visualization with tree-maps: 2-D space-filling approach. ACM Transactions on Graphics 11, 1 (1992), 92-99.
160. [SKM06] SCHRECK T., KEIM D. A., MANSMANN S.: Regular treemap layouts for visual analysis of hierarchical data. In Proceedings of Spring Conference on Computer Graphics (2006), Comenius University, Bratislava, pp. 184-191.
161. [SLN05] SARAIYA P., LEE P., NORTH C.: Visualization of graphs with associated timeseries data. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (2005), IEEE Press, pp. 225-232.
162. [SS05] SCHREIBER F., SCHWÖBBERMEYER H.: MAVisto: a tool for the exploration of network motifs. Bioinformatics 21, 17 (2005), 3572-3574.
163. [SSH09] SCHULZ H.-J., SCHUMANN H., HADLAK S.: Pointbased tree representation - a new approach for large hierarchies. In Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (2009), IEEE Press, pp. 81-88.
164. [STT81] SUGIYAMA K., TAGAWA S., TODA M.:Methods for visual understanding of hierarchical system structures. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on 11, 2 (1981), 109-125.
165. [SZ00] STASKO J., ZHANG E.: Focus+context display and navigation techniques for enhancing radial, space-filling hierarchy visualizations. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Vizualization (Salt Lake City, USA, 2000), p. 57.
166. [SZG∗96] SCHAFFER D., ZUO Z., GREENBERG S., BARTRAM L., DILL J., DUBS S., ROSEMAN M.: Navigating hierarchically clustered networks through fisheye and full-zoom methods. ACM TOCHI 3, 2 (1996), 162-188.
167. [TAS09] TOMINSKI C., ABELLO J., SCHUMANN H.: CGV-an interactive graph visualization system. Computers & Graphics 33, 6 (2009), 660-678.
168. [TAvHS06] TOMINSKI C., ABELLO J., VAN Ham F., SCHUMANN H.: Fisheye tree views and lenses for graph visualization. In Proceedings of IEEE Information Visualization (Baltimore, USA, 2006), IEEE Press, pp. 17-24.
169. [TC05] THOMAS J. J., COOK K. A. (Eds.): Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics. National Visualization and Analytics Center, IEEE Press, 2005.
170. [TC06] THOMAS J., COOK K.: A visual analytics agenda. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE 26, 1 (2006) 10-13.
171. [TE10] TELEA A., ERSOY O.: Image-based edge bundles: Simplified visualization of large graphs. Computer Graphics Forum 29, 3 (2010), 843-852.
172. [THM∗05] THOMSON J., HETZLER B., MACEACHREN A., GAHEGAN M., PAVEL M.: A typology for visualizing uncertainty. In Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2005 (San Jose, CA, USA 2005), vol. 5669, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, USA, pp. 146-157.
173. [TK08] TEKUŠOVÁ T., KOHLHAMMER J.: Visual analysis and exploration of complex corporate shareholder networks. In Proceedings of the IS&T/SPIE Visualization and Data Analysis (San Jose, CA, USA, 2008), vol. 6809, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, USA, p. 68090F.
174. [TS99] TOYODA M., SHIBAYAMA E.: Hyper mochi sheet: a predictive focusing interface for navigating and editing nested networks through a multi-focus distortion-oriented view. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1999), ACM, New York, pp. 504-511.
175. [TS07] TU Y., SHEN H.-W.: Visualizing changes of hierarchical data using treemaps. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 6 (2007), 1286-1293.
176. [TS08a] TEKUŠOVÁ T., SCHRECK T.: Visualizing timedependent data in multivariate hierarchic plots - design and evaluation of an economic application. In Proceedings of International Conference on Information Visualisation (Columbus, USA, 2008), IEEE Press, pp. 143-150.
177. [TS08b] TU Y., SHEN H.-W.: Balloon focus: a seamless multifocus+ context method for treemaps. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 14, 6 (2008), 1157-1164.
178. [vH03] VAN HAM F.: Using multilevel call matrices in large software projects. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Seattle, USA, 2003), IEEE Press, pp. 227-232.
179. [vHP09] VAN HAM F., PERER A.: Search, show context, expand on demand: supporting large graph exploration with degree-of-interest. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15, 6 (2009), 953-960.
180. [vHR08] VAN HAM F., ROGOWITZ B.: Perceptual organization in user-generated graph layouts. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 14, 6 (2008), 1333-1339.
181. [vHSD09] VAN HAM F., SCHULZ H.-J., DIMICCO J. M.: Honeycomb: Visual analysis of large scale social networks. In Proceedings of IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II (San Diego, USA, 2009), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 429-442.
182. [vHvW02] VAN HAM F., VAN WIJK J.: Beamtrees: compact visualization of large hierarchies. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Boston, USA, 2002), IEEE Press, pp. 93-100.
183. [vHW08] VAN HAM F., WATTENBERG M.: Centrality based visualization of small world graphs. Computer Graphics Forum 27, 3 (2008), 975-982.
184. [vLdL03] VAN LIERE R., DE LEEUW W.: Graphsplatting: Visualizing graphs as continuous fields. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 9 (2003), 206-212.
185. [vLGRS09] VON LANDESBERGER T., GÖRNER M., REHNER R., SCHRECK T.: A system for interactive visual analysis of large graphs using motifs in graph editing and aggregation. In Proceedings of Vision Modeling Visualization Workshop (Atlantic City, USA, 2009), TU Braunschweig, Germany, pp. 331-339.
186. [vLGS09] VON LANDESBERGER T., GÖRNER M., SCHRECK T.: Visual analysis of graphs with multiple connected components. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (Braunschweig, Germany, 2009), IEEE Press, pp. 155-162.
187. [VMCJ10] VIAU C., MCGUFFIN M. J., CHIRICOTA Y., JURISICA I.: The Flow Viz Menu and parallel scatterplot matrix: hybrid multidimensional visualizations for network exploration. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 16 (2010), 1100-1108.
188. [vWvd W99] VAN WIJK J., VAN DE WETERING H.: Cushion treemaps: visualization of hierarchical information. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (San Francisco, USA, 1999), IEEE Press, pp. 73-78.
189. [War00] WARE C.: Information Visualization: Perception for Design. Morgan Kaufmann, 2000.
190. [Wat06] WATTENBERG M.: Visual exploration of multivariate graphs. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal, Canada, 2006), ACM, New York, pp. 811-819.
191. [WBS∗08] WATSON B., BRINK D., STALLMAN M., DEVAJARAN D., RHYNE T.-M., PATEL H.: Visualizing very Large Layered Graphs with Quilts. Tech. Rep. TR-2008-10, NC State University, 2008.
192. [WCG03] WONG N., CARPENDALE S., GREENBERG S.: Edgelens: an interactive method for managing edge congestion in graphs. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Seattle, USA, 2003), IEEE Press, pp. 51-58.
193. [WD08] WOOD J., DYKES J.: Spatially ordered treemaps. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 14, 6 (2008), 1348-1355.
194. [WMC∗09] WONG P. C., MACKEY P., COOK K., ROHRER R., FOOTE H., WHITING M.: A multi-level middle-out crosszooming approach for large graph analytics. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (Atlantic City, USA, 2009), IEEE Press, pp. 147-154.
195. [WS03] WHITE S., SMYTH P.: Algorithms for estimating relative importance in networks. In Proceedings of ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (NY, USA, 2003), ACM Press, pp. 266-275.
196. [YKSJ07] YI J. S., KANG Y. A., STASKO J., JACKO J.: Toward a deeper understanding of the role of interaction in information visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 6 (2007), 1224-1231.
197. [ZK08] ZIEMKIEWICZ C., KOSARA R.: The shaping of information by visual metaphors. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 6 (2008), 1269-1276.
198. [ZMC05] ZHAO S., MCGUFFIN M., CHIGNELL M.: Elastic hierarchies: combining treemaps and node-link diagrams. In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2005), IEEE Press, pp. 57-64.