메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 150-167

A satellite study of the atmospheric forcing and response to moist convection over tropical and subtropical oceans

Author keywords

Convective adjustment; Convective clouds; Satellite observations; Tropical variabilty

Indexed keywords

AQUA SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; CONTROLLED NOT; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT; CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGIES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; DEEP CONVECTION; FREE TROPOSPHERE; MOIST CONVECTION; MOISTURE TRANSPORT; QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM; SATELLITE DATA; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS; SUBTROPICAL OCEAN; TEMPORAL SEQUENCES; THERMODYNAMIC EVOLUTION; TIME-SCALES; TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSIONS; TROPICAL VARIABILTY; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE;

EID: 84855771085     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-016.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 3843138534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future
    • Arakawa, A., 2004: The cumulus parameterization problem: Past, present, and future. J. Climate, 17, 2493-2525.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 2493-2525
    • Arakawa, A.1
  • 2
    • 0001241791 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment Part I
    • Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 674-701
    • Arakawa, A.1    Schubert, W.H.2
  • 3
    • 36549028813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIRS/AMSU/HSB on the Aqua mission: Design, science objectives, data products, and processing systems
    • Aumann, H. H., and Coauthors, 2003: AIRS/AMSU/HSB on the Aqua mission: Design, science objectives, data products, and processing systems. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 253-264.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.41 , pp. 253-264
    • Aumann, H.H.1
  • 4
    • 34547734387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed characteristics of the MJO relative to maximum rainfall
    • Benedict, J. J., and D. A. Randall, 2007: Observed characteristics of the MJO relative to maximum rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2332-2354.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 2332-2354
    • Benedict, J.J.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 5
    • 84981621643 scopus 로고
    • Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterization
    • Betts, A. K., 1973: Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 178-196.
    • (1973) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.99 , pp. 178-196
    • Betts, A.K.1
  • 6
    • 0022849418 scopus 로고
    • A new convective adjustment scheme Part I: Observational and theoretical basis
    • Betts, A. K., 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 677-691.
    • (1986) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 677-691
    • Betts, A.K.1
  • 7
    • 0022831164 scopus 로고
    • A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic air-mass data sets
    • Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, 1986:A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709.
    • (1986) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 693-709
    • Betts, A.K.1    Miller, M.J.2
  • 8
    • 2042486382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between water vapor path and precipitation over the tropical oceans
    • Bretherton, C. S., M. E. Peters, and L. E. Back, 2004: Relationships between water vapor path and precipitation over the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 17, 1517-1528.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 1517-1528
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Peters, M.E.2    Back, L.E.3
  • 9
    • 0031449934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of the strict quasiequilibrium theory on long time and space scales
    • Brown, R. G., and C. S. Bretherton, 1997: A test of the strict quasiequilibrium theory on long time and space scales. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 624-638.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 624-638
    • Brown, R.G.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 10
    • 0348018990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer control on convective available potential energy: Implications for cumulus parameterization
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003773
    • Donner, L. J., and V. T. Phillips, 2003: Boundary layer control on convective available potential energy: Implications for cumulus parameterization. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4701, doi:10.1029/2003JD003773.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4701
    • Donner, L.J.1    Phillips, V.T.2
  • 11
    • 0027880818 scopus 로고
    • The effect of convective response time on WISHE models
    • Emanuel, K. A., 1993: The effect of convective response time on WISHE models. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1763-1775.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 1763-1775
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 12
    • 0029503493 scopus 로고
    • The behavior of a simple hurricane model using a convective scheme based on subcloud-layer entropy equilibrium
    • Emanuel, K. A., 1995: The behavior of a simple hurricane model using a convective scheme based on subcloud-layer entropy equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3960-3968.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 3960-3968
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 14
    • 0031747304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-day disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific
    • Haertel, P. T., and R. H. Johnson, 1998: Two-day disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 615-636.
    • (1998) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.124 , pp. 615-636
    • Haertel, P.T.1    Johnson, R.H.2
  • 15
    • 11144289069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of 2-day equatorial waves
    • Haertel, P. T., and G. N. Kiladis, 2004: Dynamics of 2-day equatorial waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2707-2721.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 2707-2721
    • Haertel, P.T.1    Kiladis, G.N.2
  • 16
    • 43149124985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical-mode decompositions of 2-day waves and the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Haertel, P. T., G. N. Kiladis, A. Denno, and T. M. Rickenbach, 2008: Vertical-mode decompositions of 2-day waves and the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 813-833.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 813-833
    • Haertel, P.T.1    Kiladis, G.N.2    Denno, A.3    Rickenbach, T.M.4
  • 17
    • 34250023749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The convective cold top and quasi equilibrium
    • Holloway, C. E., and J. D. Neelin, 2007: The convective cold top and quasi equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1467-1487.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 1467-1487
    • Holloway, C.E.1    Neelin, J.D.2
  • 18
    • 0000216410 scopus 로고
    • Cloud clusters and large-scale vertical motions in the tropics
    • Houze, R. A., Jr., 1982: Cloud clusters and large-scale vertical motions in the tropics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 396-410.
    • (1982) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.60 , pp. 396-410
    • Houze Jr., R.A.1
  • 19
    • 0021535482 scopus 로고
    • Partitioning tropical heat and moisture budgets into cumulus and mesoscale components: Implications for cumulus parameterization
    • Johnson, R. H., 1984: Partitioning tropical heat and moisture budgets into cumulus and mesoscale components: Implications for cumulus parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1590-1601.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1590-1601
    • Johnson, R.H.1
  • 21
    • 0035883231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale variability of the atmospheric mixed layer over the western Pacific warm pool
    • Johnson, R. H., P. E. Ciesielski, and J. A. Cotturone, 2001: Multiscale variability of the atmospheric mixed layer over the western Pacific warm pool. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2729-2750.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 2729-2750
    • Johnson, R.H.1    Ciesielski, P.E.2    Cotturone, J.A.3
  • 22
    • 73549083883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed synoptic-scale variability during the developing phase of an ISO over the Indian Ocean during MISMO
    • Katsumata, M., R. H. Johnson, and P. E. Ciesielski, 2009: Observed synoptic-scale variability during the developing phase of an ISO over the Indian Ocean during MISMO. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3434-3448.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 3434-3448
    • Katsumata, M.1    Johnson, R.H.2    Ciesielski, P.E.3
  • 23
    • 0035284286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The onset of convection in the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Kemball-Cook, S. R., and B. C.Weare, 2001: The onset of convection in the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 14, 780-793.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 780-793
    • Kemball-Cook, S.R.1    Weare, B.C.2
  • 24
    • 33646259476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple multicloud parameterization for convectively coupled tropical waves Part I: Linear analysis
    • Khouider, B., and A. J. Majda, 2006: A simple multicloud parameterization for convectively coupled tropical waves. Part I: Linear analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1308-1323.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 1308-1323
    • Khouider, B.1    Majda, A.J.2
  • 25
    • 4143063583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of organized convection associated with the MJO during TOGA COARE IOP: Trimodal characteristics
    • doi:10.1029/2004GL019601
    • Kikuchi, K., and Y. N. Takayabu, 2004: The development of organized convection associated with the MJO during TOGA COARE IOP: Trimodal characteristics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10101, doi:10.1029/2004GL019601.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Kikuchi, K.1    Takayabu, Y.N.2
  • 26
    • 23644437569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zonal and vertical structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Kiladis, G. N., K. H. Straub, and P. T. Haertel, 2005: Zonal and vertical structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2790-2809.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 2790-2809
    • Kiladis, G.N.1    Straub, K.H.2    Haertel, P.T.3
  • 27
    • 33745442967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-scale cloud activity over theMaritime Continent and the western Pacific as revealed by satellite data
    • Kondo, Y., A. Higuchi, and K. Nakamura, 2006: Small-scale cloud activity over theMaritime Continent and the western Pacific as revealed by satellite data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 1581-1599.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 1581-1599
    • Kondo, Y.1    Higuchi, A.2    Nakamura, K.3
  • 28
    • 40949120157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A moisture-stratiform instability for convectively coupled waves
    • Kuang, Z., 2008: A moisture-stratiform instability for convectively coupled waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 834-854.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 834-854
    • Kuang, Z.1
  • 30
    • 0035509041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) for rainfall estimation from passive microwave sensors
    • Kummerow, C. D., and Coauthors, 2001: The evolution of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF) for rainfall estimation from passive microwave sensors. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1801-1820.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.40 , pp. 1801-1820
    • Kummerow, C.D.1
  • 31
    • 34249914513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prototype for convective margin shifts
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL027305
    • Lintner, B. R., and J. D. Neelin, 2007: A prototype for convective margin shifts. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L05812, doi:10.1029/2006GL027305.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Lintner, B.R.1    Neelin, J.D.2
  • 32
    • 0020372930 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment Part III: Semi-prognostic test of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization
    • Lord, S. J., 1982: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part III: Semi-prognostic test of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 88-103.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 88-103
    • Lord, S.J.1
  • 33
    • 0019101650 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment Part II
    • Lord, S. J., and A. Arakawa, 1980: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part II. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2677-2692.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 2677-2692
    • Lord, S.J.1    Arakawa, A.2
  • 34
    • 0003229582 scopus 로고
    • On the structure of the trade wind moist layer
    • Malkus, J. S., 1958: On the structure of the trade wind moist layer. Pap. Phys. Oceanogr. Meteor., 13, 1-47.
    • (1958) Pap. Phys. Oceanogr. Meteor. , vol.13 , pp. 1-47
    • Malkus, J.S.1
  • 35
    • 0034193907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective inhibition, subgrid-scale triggering energy, and stratiform instability in a toy tropical wave model
    • Mapes, B., 2000: Convective inhibition, subgrid-scale triggering energy, and stratiform instability in a toy tropical wave model. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1515-1535.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 1515-1535
    • Mapes, B.1
  • 36
    • 33749827492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves?
    • Mapes, B., S. Tulich, J. Lin, and P. Zuidema, 2006: The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves? Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 42, 3-29.
    • (2006) Dyn Atmos. Oceans , vol.42 , pp. 3-29
    • Mapes, B.1    Tulich, S.2    Lin, J.3    Zuidema, P.4
  • 37
    • 64049098463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composite life cycle of maritime tropical mesoscale convective systems in scatterometer and microwave satellite observations
    • Mapes, B., R. Milliff, and J. Morzel, 2009: Composite life cycle of maritime tropical mesoscale convective systems in scatterometer and microwave satellite observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 199-208.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 199-208
    • Mapes, B.1    Milliff, R.2    Morzel, J.3
  • 38
    • 71549159483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 9-season observation TRMM observation of the austral summer MJO and low-frequency equatorial waves
    • Masunaga, H., 2009: A 9-season observation TRMM observation of the austral summer MJO and low-frequency equatorial waves. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 87A, 295-315.
    • (2009) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.87 A , pp. 295-315
    • Masunaga, H.1
  • 39
    • 33845669908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of tropical precipitating clouds ranging from shallow to deep convective systems
    • doi:10.1029/ 2006GL026547
    • Masunaga, H., and C. D. Kummerow, 2006: Observations of tropical precipitating clouds ranging from shallow to deep convective systems. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16805, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL026547.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Masunaga, H.1    Kummerow, C.D.2
  • 40
    • 17144404919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in the characteristics of precipitation systems in the tropical Pacific Part I: Spatial structure
    • Masunaga, H., T. S. L'Ecuyer, and C. D. Kummerow, 2005: Variability in the characteristics of precipitation systems in the tropical Pacific. Part I: Spatial structure. J. Climate, 18, 823-840.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 823-840
    • Masunaga, H.1    L'Ecuyer, T.S.2    Kummerow, C.D.3
  • 41
    • 33845250932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TheMadden-Julian oscillation recorded in early observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
    • Masunaga, H., T. S. L'Ecuyer, and C. D. Kummerow, 2006: TheMadden-Julian oscillation recorded in early observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2777-2794.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 2777-2794
    • Masunaga, H.1    L'Ecuyer, T.S.2    Kummerow, C.D.3
  • 42
    • 0027065988 scopus 로고
    • Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert:A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models
    • Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert:A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 978-1002
    • Moorthi, S.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 43
    • 85133540875 scopus 로고
    • Modes of tropical variability under convective adjustment and the Madden-Julian oscillation Part I: Analytical theory
    • Neelin, J. D., and J.-Y. Yu, 1994: Modes of tropical variability under convective adjustment and the Madden-Julian oscillation. Part I: Analytical theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1876-1894.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 1876-1894
    • Neelin, J.D.1    Yu, J.-Y.2
  • 44
    • 0034210719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model-Formulation
    • Neelin, J. D., and N. Zeng, 2000: A quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model-Formulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1741-1766.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 1741-1766
    • Neelin, J.D.1    Zeng, N.2
  • 45
    • 45149127741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking convective quasi-equilibrium: Observational constraints for stochastic convective schemes in climate models
    • doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0056
    • Neelin, J. D., O. Peters, J.W.-B. Lin, K. Hales, and C. E. Holloway, 2008: Rethinking convective quasi-equilibrium: Observational constraints for stochastic convective schemes in climate models. Philos. Trans.Roy. Soc.London, 366A, 2581-2602, doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0056.
    • (2008) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London , vol.366 A , pp. 2581-2602
    • Neelin, J.D.1    Peters, O.2    Lin, J.-B.3    Hales, K.4    Holloway, C.E.5
  • 46
    • 34250887499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact mechanisms of shallow cumulus convection on tropical climate dynamics
    • Neggers, R. A. J., J. D. Neelin, and B. Stevens, 2007: Impact mechanisms of shallow cumulus convection on tropical climate dynamics. J. Climate, 20, 2623-2642.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 2623-2642
    • Neggers, R.A.J.1    Neelin, J.D.2    Stevens, B.3
  • 47
    • 0029486393 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of moist convection over the west Pacific warm pool
    • Raymond, D. J., 1995: Regulation of moist convection over the west Pacific warm pool. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3945-3959.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 3945-3959
    • Raymond, D.J.1
  • 48
    • 0034025286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic control on tropical rainfall
    • Raymond, D. J., 2000: Thermodynamic control on tropical rainfall. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 889-898.
    • (2000) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 889-898
    • Raymond, D.J.1
  • 49
    • 34249900230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of convection during tropical cyclogenesis
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL028607
    • Raymond, D. J., and S. L. Sessions, 2007: Evolution of convection during tropical cyclogenesis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L06811, doi:10.1029/2006GL028607.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Raymond, D.J.1    Sessions, S.L.2
  • 51
    • 0001741567 scopus 로고
    • Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific
    • Reed, R. J., and E. E. Recker, 1971: Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1117-1133.
    • (1971) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 1117-1133
    • Reed, R.J.1    Recker, E.E.2
  • 52
    • 0033507340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective precursors and predictability in the tropical western Pacific
    • Sherwood, S. C., 1999: Convective precursors and predictability in the tropical western Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2977-2991.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 2977-2991
    • Sherwood, S.C.1
  • 53
    • 0032750661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed evolution of tropical deep convective events and their environment
    • Sherwood, S. C., and R. Wahrlich, 1999: Observed evolution of tropical deep convective events and their environment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1777-1795.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 1777-1795
    • Sherwood, S.C.1    Wahrlich, R.2
  • 54
    • 0038274153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieval of atmospheric and surface parameters from AIRS/AMSU/HSB data in the presence of clouds
    • Susskind, J., C. D. Barnet, and J. M. Blaisdell, 2003: Retrieval of atmospheric and surface parameters from AIRS/AMSU/HSB data in the presence of clouds. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 390-409.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.41 , pp. 390-409
    • Susskind, J.1    Barnet, C.D.2    Blaisdell, J.M.3
  • 55
    • 33745468349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of geophysical parameters derived from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding unit as a function of fractional cloud cover
    • doi:10.1029/2005JD006272
    • Susskind, J., C. D. Barnet, J. M. Blaisdell, L. Iredell, F. Keita, L. Kouvaris, G. Molnar, and M. Chahine, 2006: Accuracy of geophysical parameters derived from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding unit as a function of fractional cloud cover. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D09S17, doi:10.1029/2005JD006272.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Susskind, J.1    Barnet, C.D.2    Blaisdell, J.M.3    Iredell, L.4    Keita, F.5    Kouvaris, L.6    Molnar, G.7    Chahine, M.8
  • 56
    • 0041088731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of a quasi-2-day wave during TOGA COARE
    • Takayabu, Y. N., K.-M. Lau, and C.-S. Sui, 1996: Observation of a quasi-2-day wave during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1892-1913.
    • (1996) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 1892-1913
    • Takayabu, Y.N.1    Lau, K.-M.2    Sui, C.-S.3
  • 57
    • 0024880172 scopus 로고
    • Is the tropical atmosphere conditionally unstable? Mon
    • Xu, K.-M., and K. A. Emanuel, 1989: Is the tropical atmosphere conditionally unstable? Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1471-1479.
    • (1989) Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1471-1479
    • Xu, K.-M.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 58
    • 0027086190 scopus 로고
    • The macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles simulated by a cumulus ensemble model
    • Xu, K.-M., A. Arakawa, and S. K. Krueger, 1992: The macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles simulated by a cumulus ensemble model. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2402-2420.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 2402-2420
    • Xu, K.-M.1    Arakawa, A.2    Krueger, S.K.3
  • 59
    • 0001108779 scopus 로고
    • Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets
    • Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J.-H. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611-627.
    • (1973) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 611-627
    • Yanai, M.1    Esbensen, S.2    Chu, J.-H.3
  • 60
    • 66849122034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of humidity and clouds to tropical deep convection
    • Zelinka, M.D., and D. L. Hartmann, 2009: Response of humidity and clouds to tropical deep convection. J. Climate, 22, 2389-2404.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 2389-2404
    • Zelinka, M.D.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 61
    • 0345801067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective quasi-equilibrium in the tropical western Pacific: Comparison with midlatitude continental environment
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003520
    • Zhang, G. J., 2003: Convective quasi-equilibrium in the tropical western Pacific: Comparison with midlatitude continental environment. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4592, doi:10.1029/2003JD003520.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4592
    • Zhang, G.J.1
  • 62
    • 67649122845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of entrainment on convective available potential energy and closure assumptions in convection parameterization
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010976
    • Zhang, G. J., 2009: Effects of entrainment on convective available potential energy and closure assumptions in convection parameterization. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D07109, doi:10.1029/2008JD010976.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Zhang, G.J.1
  • 63
    • 39549095502 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Center general circulation model
    • Zhang, G. J., and N. A. McFarlane, 1995: Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Center general circulation model. Atmos.-Ocean, 33, 407-446.
    • (1995) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.33 , pp. 407-446
    • Zhang, G.J.1    McFarlane, N.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.