A theory for the spinup of tropical depressions

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 133, Issue 628, 2007, Pages 1743-1754

  Raymond, D J ^a   Sessions, S L ^a   Fuchs, Z ^a  

^a NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Tropical cyclogenesis; Tropical depressions

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE; CLIMATOLOGY; OCEANOGRAPHY; STORMS; VORTICITY;

FINITE AMPLITUDE THRESHOLD; TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; TROPICAL DEPRESSION; VORTICITY DYNAMICS;

PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

CYCLOGENESIS; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); VORTICITY;

EID: 36749083038     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.125     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Back LE, Bretherton CS. 2005. The relationship between wind speed and precipitation in the Pacific ITCZ. J. Climate 18: 4317-4328.
2. Bister M, Emanuel KA. 1997. The genesis of hurricane Guillermo: TEXMEX analyses and a modeling study. Mon. Weather Rev. 125: 2662-2682.
3. Bretherton CS, Peters ME, Back LE. 2004. Relationships between water vapour path and precipitation over the tropical oceans. J. Climate 17: 1517-1528.
4. Briegel LM, Frank WM. 1997. Large-scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific. Mon. Weather Rev. 125: 1397-1413.
5. Chaila M, Pfeffer RL. 1980. Effects of eddy fluxes of angular momentum on model hurricane development. J. Atmos. Sci. 37: 1603-1618.
6. Charney JG, Eliassen A. 1964. On the growth of the hurricane depression. J. Atmos. Sci. 21: 68-75.
7. Craig GC, Gray SL. 1996. CISK or WISHE as the mechanism for tropical cyclone intensification. J. Atmos. Sci. 53: 3528-3540.
8. Davis CA, Bosart LF. 2003. Baroclinically induced tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Weather Rev. 131: 2730-2747.
9. Derbyshire SH, Beau I, Bechtold P, Grandpeix J-Y, Piriou J-M, Redelsperger JL, Soares PMM. 2004. Sensitivity of moist convection to environmental humidity. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 130: 3055-3079.
10. Emanuel KA. 1989. The finite-amplitude nature of tropical cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci. 46: 3431-3456.
11. Emanuel K-A. 1995. The behavior of a simple hurricane model using a convective scheme based on subcloud-layer entropy equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci. 52: 3960-3968.
12. Enagonio J, Montgomery MT. 2001. Tropical cyclogenesis via convectively forced vortex Rossby waves in a shallow water primitive equation model. J. Atmos. Sci. 58: 685-705.
13. Frank WM, Ritchie EA. 2001. Effects of vertical wind shear on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes. Mon. Weather Rev. 129: 2249-2269.
14. Frisius T. 2006. Surface-flux-induced tropical cyclogenesis within an axisymmetric atmospheric balanced model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 132: 2603-2623.
15. Gill AE. 1982. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press: New York. 662 pp.
16. Grabowski WW, Moncrieff MW. 2004. Moisture-convection feedback in the tropics. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 130: 3081-3104.
17. Gray SL, Craig GC. 1998. A simple theoretical model for the intensification of tropical cyclones and polar lows. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 124: 919-947.
18. Gray WM. 1968. Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms. Mon. Weather Rev. 96: 669-700.
19. Haynes PH, McIntyre ME. 1987. On the evolution of vorticity and potential vorticity in the presence of diabatic heating and frictional or other forces. J. Atmos. Sci. 44: 828-841.
20. Hendricks EA, Montgomery MT, Davis CA. 2004. The role of 'vortical' hot towers in the formation of tropical cyclone Diana (1984). J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 1209-1232.
21. Jones SC. 1995. The evolution of vortices in vertical shear: I: initially barotropic vortices. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 121: 821-851.
22. Jones SC. 2000a.. The evolution of vortices in vertical shear: II: large-scale asymmetries. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 126: 3137-3159.
23. Jones SC. 2000b.. The evolution of vortices in vertical shear: III: baroclinic vortices. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 126: 3161-3185.
24. Magaña V, Caetano E. 2005. Temporal evolution of summer convective activity over the Americas warm pools. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32: DOI: 10.1029/2004GL021033.
25. Mapes BE. 2004. Sensitivities of cumulus-ensemble rainfall in a cloud-resolving model with parameterized large-scale dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 2308-2317.
26. McBride JL, Zehr R. 1981. Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part II: Comparison of nondeveloping versus developing systems. J. Atmos. Sci. 38: 1132-1151.
27. Montgomery MT, Enagonio J. 1998. Tropical cyclogenesis via convectively forced vortex Rossby waves in a three-dimensional quasigeostrophic model. J. Atmos. Sci. 55: 3176-3207.
28. Neelin JD, Held IM. 1987. Modeling tropical convergence based on the moist static energy budget. Mon. Weather Rev. 115: 3-12.
29. Ooyama K. 1964. A dynamical model for the study of tropical cyclone development. Geofísica Internacional 4: 187-198.
30. Ooyama K. 1969. Numerical simulation of the life cycle of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci. 26: 3-40.
31. Pfeffer RL, Challa M. 1981. A numerical study of the role of eddy fluxes of momentum in the development of Atlantic hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci. 38: 2393-2398.
32. Raymond DJ. 2000. Thermodynamic control of tropical rainfall. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 126: 889-898.
33. Raymond DJ. 2001. A new model of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci. 58: 2807-2819.
34. Raymond DJ, Zeng X. 2005. Modelling tropical atmospheric convection in the context of the weak temperature gradient approximation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 131: 1301-1320.
35. Raymond DJ, López-Carrillo C, López Cavazos L. 1998. Case-studies of developing east Pacific easterly waves. Q. J. R. Meteorol. S. 124: 2005-2034.
36. Raymond DJ, Raga GB, Bretherton CS, Molinari J, López-Carrillo C, Fuchs Ž. 2003. Convective forcing in the intertropical convergence zone of the eastern Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci. 60: 2064-2082.
37. Raymond DJ, Esbensen SK, Paulson C, Gregg M, Bretherton CS, Petersen WA, Cifelli R, Shay LK, Ohlmann C, Zuidema P. 2004. EPIC2001 and the coupled ocean-atmosphere system of the tropical east Pacific. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 85: 1341-1354.
38. Reasor PD, Montgomery MT, Grasso LD. 2004. A new look at the problem of tropical cyclones in vertical shear flow: Vortex resiliency. J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 3-22.
39. Reasor PD, Montgomery MT, Bosart LF. 2005. Mesoscale observations of the genesis of hurricane Dolly (1996). J. Atmos. Sci. 62: 3151-3171.
40. Ritchie EA, Holland GJ. 1997. Scale interactions during the formation of Typhoon Irving. Mon. Weather Rev. 125: 1377-1396.
41. Rotunno R, Emanuel KA. 1987. An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part II: Evolutionary study using a nonhydrostatic axisymmetric numerical model. J. Atmos. Sci. 44: 542-561.
42. Simpson J, Ritchie E, Holland GJ, Halverson J, Stewart S. 1997. Mesoscale interactions in tropical cyclone genesis. Mon. Weather Rev. 125: 2643-2661.
43. Sobel AH, Bretherton CS. 2000. Modeling tropical precipitation in a single column. J. Climate 13: 4378-4392.
44. Sobel AH, Nilsson J, Polvani LM. 2001. The weak temperature gradient approximation and balanced tropical moisture waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 58: 3650-3665.
45. Sobel AH, Bretherton CS. 2003. Large-scale waves interacting with deep convection. Tellus 55a: 45-60.
46. Zehnder JA. 2001. A comparison of convergence- and surface-flux-based convective parameterizations with applications to tropical cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci. 58: 283-301.