The early days of the European external action service: A practitioner's view

The Hague Journal of Diplomacy

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 115-134

  Spence, David ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP); epistemic communities; EU foreign policy making; EU representation; EU turf battles; European External Action Service (EEAS); European Union diplomacy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855699652     PISSN: 18711901     EISSN: 1871191X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/187119112X615098     Document Type: Article

References (40)

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2. Quoted in M. Emerson et al., Upgrading the EU's Role as a Global Actor: Institutions, Law and the Restructuring of European Diplomacy (Brussels: CEPS, 2011), p. 2.
3. J.C. Piris, The Lisbon Treaty: A Legal and Political Analysis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 273-287.
4. 'Meanwhile, on Planet Brussels', The Economist, 18 October 2011.
5. C. Ashton, 'Evidence Session No. 1, Questions 1-19', Select Committee on the European Union, Tuesday 14 June 2011.
6. M. Westlake and D. Galloway, The Council of Ministers (London: John Harper, 2004), p. 335.
7. M. Westlake, 'Why Presidencies Still Matter', Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (ÖZP), 36 Jg. (2007) H. 2, pp. 157-165.
8. (Lord) J. Kerr, 'Pick the Best European Cherries', Financial Times, 27 February 2007.
9. D. Spence, 'The Commission and CFSP', in D. Spence (ed.), The European Commission (London: John Harper, 2006), chapter 14.
10. D. O'Sullivan, Chief Operating Officer of the EEAS, speech at the IIEA, Dublin, 14 January 2011.
11. Iñigo Méndez de Vigo, Towards the Establishment of a Common Diplomacy, paper by Working Group VII on 'External Action', The European Convention, Working Document 22, 3 December 2002.
12. These defects and their intended resolution are discussed in Marek Kubista, 'Quel Président pour l'Union', Questions d'Europe no. 148 (Paris: Fondation Robert Schuman, 26 October 2009).
13. J. Solana, 'Follow My Leaders', Financial Times, 12 July 2003.
14. Ashton, 'Evidence Session No. 1, Questions 1-19', p. 10.
15. Ashton, 'Evidence Session No. 1, Questions 1-19', p. 3.
16. D. Spence, 'Taking Stock: 50 Years of European Diplomacy', The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, vol. 4, no. 2, 2009.
17. For a strongly argued, but narrower, interpretation, see Mai'a Keapuolani and David Cross, 'A European Epistemic Community of Diplomats', in P. Sharp and G. Wiseman (eds), The Diplomatic Corps as an Institution of International Society (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2007).
18. Research might apply the tools of G. Allison's Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (Boston MA: Little Brown, 1971).
19. P.M. Haas, International Organization, vol. 46, no. 1, 1992.
20. See also P.M. Haas (ed.), Knowledge, Power and International Policy Coordination (Columbia SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1997).
21. Haas (ed.), Knowledge, Power and International Policy Coordination, p. 3.
22. M. Emerson and J. Wouters, 'The EU's Diplomatic Debacle at the UN: What Else and What Next?' CEPS Commentary, 1 October 2010.
23. Peter Haas, 'Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination', in Haas (ed.), Knowledge, Power and International Policy Coordination, p. 3, fn 5.
24. C. Ashton: 'My Job Is to Keep Traffic Moving', Time Magazine, 8 March 2010, available online at: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171, 1967701,00.html#ixzz1d0kxGInJ.
25. S.E. Page, The Difference (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), p. 314.
26. For a discussion of the complementary nature of national and European diplomats, see D. Spence, 'Taking Stock: 50 Years of European Diplomacy', The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, vol. 4, no. 2, 2009.
27. L. Pirandello, 'Pirandello Confesses', Virginia Quarterly Review, no. 1, April 1925.
28. For a comprehensive analysis, see D. Spence, 'The Commission and CFSP, and the Commission's External Service', in D. Spence (ed.), The European Commission (London: John Harper, 2006);
29. D. Spence, 'Days of Dogs and Roses: The European Commission between External Relations and Foreign Policy', Revue des Affaires Européennes, 2009-10 /1.
30. Ashton, 'Evidence Session No. 1, Questions 1-19', p. 6.
31. See T. Christiansen and S. Vanhoonacker (2008), 'At a Critical Juncture? Change and Continuity in the Institutional Development of the Council Secretariat, West European Politics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 751-770.
32. W. Nicoll, 'Note the Hour and File the Minute', Journal of Common Market Studies ( JCMS), vol. 31, no. 4, December 1993.
33. Westlake and Galloway, The Council of Ministers, p. 324.
34. Niels Ersboll, quoted in Westlake and Galloway, The Council of Ministers, p. 344.
35. C. Meyer, Getting Our Way (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2009), p. 262.
36. Meyer, Getting Our Way, p. 262.
37. 'Déclaration du gouvernement préalable au Conseil européen et débat sur cette déclaration à l'Assemblée nationale - Intervention de Bernard Kouchner', Paris, 14 October 2009.
38. These and other consular issues are discussed in Ana Mar Fernandez, 'Consular Affairs in the EU: Visa Policy as a Catalyst for integration?' The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, vol. 3, no. 1, 2008.
39. For an early comprehensive commentary on what is involved, see L. Rayner, The EU Foreign Ministry and Union Embassies (London, Foreign Policy Centre, 2005).
40. E. Suleiman, Elites in French Society (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978).