Environmental injustices of children's exposure to air pollution from road-transport within the model British multicultural city of Leicester: 2000-09

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 414, Issue , 2012, Pages 140-151

  Jephcote, Calvin ^a   Chen, Haibo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Dose response relationship; Environmental Justice (EJ); Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR); Polluter Pays Principle (PPP); Spatial analysis

Indexed keywords

DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; POLLUTER-PAYS PRINCIPLE; SPATIAL ANALYSIS;

AIR POLLUTION; HEALTH; HOSPITALS; ROADS AND STREETS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; TRANSPORTATION;

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CHILD HEALTH; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; INNER CITY AREA; POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; RESPIRATORY DISEASE; ROAD TRANSPORT; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; SPATIAL DATA; TRAFFIC EMISSION; URBAN ATMOSPHERE;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD HEALTH; CITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ETHNIC GROUP; GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; INCIDENCE; INFANT; LOCAL INDICATORS OF SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; SOCIAL STATUS; TRAFFIC; UNITED KINGDOM; URBAN AREA; URBAN POPULATION;

ADOLESCENT; AIR POLLUTION; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CITIES; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; ENGLAND; GEOGRAPHY; HUMANS; INFANT; MODELS, THEORETICAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RESPIRATION DISORDERS; SOCIAL JUSTICE; URBAN HEALTH; VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

ENGLAND; LEICESTER [ENGLAND]; LEICESTER [LEICESTER (ADS)]; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84855532101     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.040     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. AEA Technology, DEFRA National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory: UK emission mapping by UNECE sectors [1×1km PM10 emissions] 2010, Accessed: January 2010.
2. Anselin L. Local Indicators of Spatial Association - LISA. Geogr Anal 1995, 27(2):93-115.
3. Atkinson R.W., Anderson H.R., Sunyer J., Ayres J., Baccini M., Vonk J.M., et al. Acute effects of particulate air pollution on respiratory admissions: results from APHEA 2 project. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 164(No. 10):1860-1866.
4. Blair J., Johnson K., Carruthers D. Source Apportionment for London using ADMS-Urban 2004, Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants Ltd (CERC), FM489/R3/04.
5. Bonney R., Le-Goff W. Leicester's cultural diversity in the context of the British debate on multiculturalism. International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities and nations. 2007, Vol. 6. BioMedware. SpaceStat Version 2.1.56, Ann Arbor, MI, 2011.
6. Brunekreef B., Forsberg B. Epidemiological evidence of effects of coarse airborne particles on health. Eur Respir J 2005, 26(2):209-318.
7. Carstairs V., Morris R. Deprivation and health in Scotland 1991, Aberdeen University Press.
8. Chakraborty J. Automobiles, air toxics, and adverse health risks: environmental inequities in Tampa Bay, Florida. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 2009, 99(4):674-697.
9. Long-term exposure to air pollution: effect on mortality 2009, Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (COMEAP), Health Protection Agency.
10. Cooper A.R., Page A.S., Wheeler B.W., Hillsdon M., Griew P., Jago R. Patterns of GPS measured time outdoors after school and objective physical activity in English children: the PEACH project. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7(No. 31).
11. Crouse D.L., Ross N.A., Goldberg M.S. Double burden of deprivation and high concentrations of ambient air pollution at the neighbourhood scale in Montreal, Canada. Soc Sci Med 2009, 69(No. 6):971-981.
12. Department for Transport (DfT) Road vehicle emission factors 2009 (regulated). http://www.dft.gov.uk/publications/road-vehicle-emission-factors-2009.
13. Departments for Transport (DfT) National Travel Survey 2009: travel by age and gender http://www.dft.gov.uk/statistics/releases/national-travel-survey-2010.
14. Duhme H., Weiland S.K., Keil U., Kraemer B., Schmid M., Stender M., et al. The association between self-reported symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis and self-reported traffic density on street of residence in adolescents. Epidemiology 1996, 7(No. 6):578-582.
15. Duran-Tauleria E., Rona R.J., Chinn S., Burney P. Influence of ethnic group on asthma treatment in children in 1990-1: national cross sectional study. BMJ 1996, 313(No. 7050):148-152.
16. Air quality 2010, Volume I. Environmental Audit Committee, The Stationery Office Limited, House of Commons, London, HC 229.
17. Fotheringham A.S., Charlton M.E., Brunsdon C. Geographically weighted regression: a natural evolution of the expansion method for spatial data analysis. Environ Plann A 1998, 30(No. 11):1905-1927.
18. Fotheringham A.S., Brunsdon C., Charlton M.E. Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships 2002, Wiley, Chichester, UK.
19. Gauderman W.J., Vora H., McConnell R., Berhane K., Gilliland F., Thomas D., et al. Effect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study. Lancet 2007, 369(No. 9561):571-577.
20. Gehring U., Cyrys J., Sedlmeir G., Brunekreef B., Bellander T., Fischer P., et al. Traffic-related air pollution and respiratory health during the first 2 yrs of life. Eur Respir J 2002, 19(4):690-698.
21. Gilbert A., Chakraborty J. Using geographically weighted regression for environmental justice analysis: cumulative cancer risks from air toxics in Florida. Soc Sci Res 2011, 40(1):273-286.
22. Gilmour P.S., Brown D.M., Lindsay T.G., Beswick P.H., MacNee W., Donaldson K. Adverse health effects of PM10 particles: involvement of iron in generation of hydroxyl radical. Occup Environ Med 1996, 53(No. 12):817-822.
23. Google Maps UK Live traffic map of Leicester Accessed: Monday 29th September 2011, 08:30 GMT. Ref:. http://maps.google.co.uk/.
24. Goovaerts P. Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation 1997, Oxford University Press, New York.
25. Gregory I.N. Comparisons between geographies of mortality and deprivation from the 1900s and 2001: spatial analysis of census and mortality statistics. Br Med J 2009, 339(7722):676-679.
26. Grineski S.E. Incorporating Health Outcomes into Environmental Justice Research: the case of children's asthma and air pollution in Phoenix, Arizona. Environ Hazard 2007, 7(4):360-371.
27. Harrison R.M., Jones A.M., Lawrence R.G. Major component composition of PM10 and PM2.5 from roadside and urban background sites. Atmos Environ 2004, 38(No. 27):4531-4538.
28. Health Effects Institute (HEI) Traffic-related air pollution: a critical review of the literature on emissions, exposure, and health effects 2009, Special Report 17, Boston, Massachusetts,.
29. Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) Research Report TM/06/01: comparing estimated risks for air pollution with risks for other health effects 2006, Edinburgh, UK.
30. Kingham S., Pearce J., Zawar-Reza P. Driven to injustice? Environmental justice and vehicle pollution in Christchurch, New Zealand. Transp Res Part D 2007, 12(4):254-263.
31. Krige D.G. Two-dimensional weighted moving average trend surfaces for ore evaluation. J S Afr Inst Min Metall 1966, 66:13-38.
32. Kuehni C.E., Strippoli M.F., Low N., Brookew A.M., Silverman M. Wheeze and asthma prevalence and related health-service use in white and south Asian pre-schoolchildren in the United Kingdom. Clin Exp Allergy 2007, 37(No. 12):1738-1746.
33. Künzli N., Kaiser R., Medina S., Studnicka M., Chanel O., Filliger P., et al. Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European assessment. Lancet 2002, 356(No. 9232):795-801.
34. Leicester City Council Leicester's Local Transport Plan 2011-2026: 'Planning for people not cars', Part A - the Transport Strategy 2011, Leicester City Council, UK,.
35. Maheswaran R., Elliott P. Stroke mortality associated with living near main roads in England and Wales. Stroke 2003, 34:2776-2780.
36. Mennis J. Mapping the results of geographically weighted regression. Cartogr J 2006, 43(2):171-179.
37. Mennis J., Jordan L. The distribution of environmental equity: exploring spatial nonstationarity in multivariate models of air toxic releases. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 2005, 95(2):249-268.
38. Mitchell G., Dorling D. An environmental justice analysis of British air quality. Environ Plann A 2003, 35(5):909-929.
39. Morello-Frosch R., Pastor M., Sadd J. Environmental Justice and Southern California's "Riskscape": the distribution of air toxics exposures and health risks among diverse communities. Urban Aff Rev 2001, 36(4):551-578.
40. Næss Ø., Piro F.N., Nafstad P., Smith G.D., Leyland A.H. Air pollution, social deprivation, and mortality: a multilevel cohort study. Epidemiology 2007, 18(No. 6):686-694.
41. Namdeo A., Stringer C. Investigating the relationship between air pollution, health and social deprivation in Leeds, UK. Environ Int 2008, 34(5):585-591.
42. O'Donnell D.R., Parslow R.C., Draper E.S. Deprivation, ethnicity and prematurity in infant respiratory failure in PICU in the UK. Acta Paediatr 2010, 99(8):1186-1191.
43. Office for National Statistics (ONS) 2001 Census: Standard Area Statistics (England and Wales). ESRC/JISC Census Programme, Census Dissemination Unit, Mimas (University of Manchester) 2003, Accessed: January 2011.
44. Office for National Statistics (ONS). Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007: Measure of multiple deprivation at small area level made up of seven domains. Department for Communities and Local Government, 2008, Accessed: January 2011.
45. Office for National Statistics (ONS). Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours: Model Based Estimates for Primary Care Organisations in England, 2003-2005. National Centre for Social Research and The NHS Information Centre for health and social care, 2008, Accessed: January 2011.
46. Oosterlee A., Drijver M., Lebret E., Brunekreef B. Chronic respiratory symptoms in children and adults living along streets with high traffic density. Occup Environ Med 1996, 53(4):241-247.
47. Pearce J.R., Richardson E.A., Mitchell R.J., Shortt N.K. Environmental justice and health: the implications of the socio-spatial distribution of multiple environmental deprivation for health inequalities in the United Kingdom. Trans Inst Br Geogr 2010, 35(No. 4):522-539.
48. Scheers H., Mwalili S.M., Faes C., Fierens F., Nemery B., Nawrot T.S. Does air pollution trigger infant mortality in Western Europe? A case-crossover study. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119(7):1017-1022.
49. Schwartz J. Air pollution and children's health. Pediatrics 2004, 113(4):1037-1043.
50. Simes R.J. An improved Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 1986, 73(3):751-754.
51. Steele R.M., Van-Sluijs E., Sharp S.J., Landsbaugh J.R., Ekelund U., Griffin S.J. An investigation of patterns of children's sedentary and vigorous physical activity throughout the week. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7(No. 88).
52. Tonne C., Beevers S., Armstrong B., Kelly F., Wilkinson P. Air pollution and mortality benefits of the London Congestion Charge: spatial and socioeconomic inequalities. Occup Environ Med 2008, 65(9):620-627.
53. Vidal-Hall J. Leicester: city of migration. Index Censorsh 2003, 32(2):132-141.
54. Webster R., Oliver M.A. Geostatistics for environmental scientists: second edition 2007, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.
55. Wheeler B.W., Ben-Shlomo Y. Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status, and respiratory health: a linkage analysis of routine data from the Health Survey for England. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005, 59(No. 11):948-954.