Processes at multiple scales affect richness and similarity of non-native plant species in mountains around the world

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 236-246

  Seipel, Tim ^a,c   Kueffer, Christoph ^a,b   Rew, Lisa J ^c   Daehler, Curtis C ^b   Pauchard, Aníbal ^d   Naylor, Bridgett J ^e   Alexander, Jake M ^a   Edwards, Peter J ^a   Parks, Catherine G ^e   Arevalo, José Ramon ^f   Cavieres, Lohengrin A ^d   Dietz, Hansjörg ^a   Jakobs, Gabi ^b   Mcdougall, Keith ^g   Otto, Rüdiger ^f   Walsh, Neville ^h  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^c MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CONCEPCIÓN   (Chile)

^e PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^f UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA   (Spain)

^g Climate Change and Water ^*  (Australia)

^h ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Alien; Altitude; Beta diversity; Elevational gradients; Plant invasions

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COLONIZATION; ELEVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT; NUMERICAL MODEL; PLANT; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES RICHNESS;

EID: 84855524906     PISSN: 1466822X     EISSN: 14668238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00664.x     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alexander, J.M., Edwards, P.J., Poll, M., Parks, C.G. & Dietz, H. (2009a) Establishment of parallel altitudinal clines in traits of native and introduced forbs. Ecology, 90, 612-622.
2. Alexander, J.M., Naylor, B., Poll, M., Edwards, P.J. & Dietz, H. (2009b) Plant invasions along mountain roads: the altitudinal amplitude of alien Asteraceae forbs in their native and introduced ranges. Ecography, 32, 334-344.
3. Alexander, J.M., Kueffer, C., Daehler, C.C., Edwards, P.J., Pauchard, A.B., Seipel, T. & MIREN Consortium (2011) Assembly of nonnative floras along elevational gradients explained by directional ecological filtering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, 656-661.
4. Allen, J.A., Brown, C.S. & Stohlgren, T.J. (2009) Non-native plant invasions of United States national parks. Biological Invasions, 11, 2195-2207.
5. Arévalo, J.R., Delgado, J.D., Otto, R., Naranjo, A., Salas, M. & Fernández-Palacios, J.M. (2005) Distribution of alien vs. native plant species in roadside communities along an altitudinal gradient in Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 7, 185-202.
6. Arteaga, M.A., Delgado, J.D., Otto, R., Fernández-Palacios, J.M. & Arévalo, J.R. (2009) How do alien plants distribute along roads on oceanic islands? A case study in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Biological Invasions, 11, 1071-1086.
7. Bates, D.M. & Sarkar, D. (2007) lme4: linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package version 0.99375-34. Available at: (accessed April 10, 2010).
8. Becker, T., Dietz, H., Billeter, R., Buschmann, H. & Edwards, P.J. (2005) Altitudinal distribution of alien plant species in the Swiss Alps. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 7, 173-183.
9. Brown, R.L. & Peet, R.K. (2003) Diversity and invasibility of southern Appalachian plant communities. Ecology, 84, 32-39.
10. Burnham, K.P. & Anderson, D.R. (2002) Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Springer, New York.
11. Cassey, P., Blackburn, T.M., Lockwood, J.L. & Sax, D.F. (2006) A stochastic model for integrating changes in species richness and community similarity across spatial scales. Oikos, 115, 207-218.
12. Crosby, A.W. (2004) Ecological imperialism: biological expansion of Europe 900-1900, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
13. Daehler, C.C. (2005) Upper-montane plant invasions in the Hawaiian islands: patterns and opportunities. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 7, 203-216.
14. Davis, M.A. (2009) Invasion biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
15. Degasperis, B.G. & Motzkin, G. (2007) Windows of opportunity: historical and ecological controls on Berberis thunbergii invasions. Ecology, 88, 3115-3125.
16. Di Castri, F. (1988) History of biological invasion with special emphasis on the Old World. Biological invasion a global perspective SCOPE 37 (ed. by J.A. Drake, H.A. Mooney, F. Di Castri, R.H. Groves, F.J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek and M. Williamson ), pp. 1-26. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK.
17. Dietz, H. (2005) A mountain invasions special issue. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 7, 135-136.
18. Dynesius, M. & Jansson, R. (2000) Evolutionary consequences of changes in species' geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 97, 9115-9120.
19. Field, R., Hawkins, B.A., Cornell, H.V., Currie, D.J., Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Guégan, J.F., Kaufman, D.M., Kerr, J.T., Mittelbach, G.G., Oberdorff, T., O'Brien, E.M. & Turner, J.R.G. (2009) Spatial species-richness gradients across scales: a meta-analysis. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 132-147.
20. Fridley, J.D., Stachowicz, J.J., Naeem, S., Sax, D.F., Seabloom, E.W., Smith, M.D., Stohlgren, T.J., Tilman, D. & Von Holle, B. (2007) The invasion paradox: reconciling pattern and process in species invasions. Ecology, 88, 3-17.
21. Gelbard, J.L. & Belnap, J. (2003) Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape. Conservation Biology, 17, 420-432.
22. Gravuer, K., Sullivan, J.J., Williams, P.A. & Duncan, R.P. (2008) Strong human association with plant invasion success for Trifolium introductions to New Zealand. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105, 6344-6349.
23. Haider, S., Alexander, J., Dietz, H., Trepl, L., Edwards, P. & Kueffer, C. (2010) The role of bioclimatic origin, residence time and habitat context in shaping non-native plant distributions along an altitudinal gradient. Biological Invasions, 12, 4003-4018.
24. Ibáñez, I., Silander, J.A., Wilson, A.M., LaFleur, N., Tanaka, N. & Tsuyama, I. (2009) Multivariate forecasts of potential distributions of invasive plant species. Ecological Applications, 19, 359-375.
25. Jakobs, G., Kueffer, C. & Daehler, C. (2010) Introduced weed richness across altitudinal gradients in Hawai'i: humps, humans and water-energy dynamics. Biological Invasions, 12, 4019-4031.
26. Jiménez, A., Pauchard, A., Cavieres, L.A., Marticorena, A. & Bustamante, R.O. (2008) Do climatically similar regions contain similar alien floras? A comparison between the mediterranean areas of central Chile and California. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 614-624.
27. Koleff, P., Gaston, K.J. & Lennon, J.J. (2003) Measuring beta diversity for presence-absence data. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 367-382.
28. Kueffer, C. & Hirsch Hadorn, G. (2008) How to achieve effectiveness in problem-oriented landscape research - the example of research on biotic invasions. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 2, 1-49. Available at: (accessed 10 April 2010).
29. Kueffer, C., Daehler, C.C., Torres-Santana, C.W., Lavergne, C., Meyer, J.-Y., Otto, R. & Silva, L. (2010) A global comparison of plant invasions on oceanic islands. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 12, 145-161.
30. Legendre, P. & Legendre, L. (1998) Numerical ecology, 2nd edn. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
31. Legendre, P., Borcard, D. & Peres-Neto, P.R. (2005) Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data. Ecological Monographs, 75, 435-450.
32. Lonsdale, W.M. (1999) Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility. Ecology, 80, 1522-1536.
33. McDougall, K.L., Morgan, J.W., Walsh, N.G. & Williams, R.J. (2005) Plant invasions in treeless vegetation of the Australian Alps. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 7, 159-171.
34. McDougall, K.L., Alexander, J.M., Haider, S., Pauchard, A., Walsh, N.G. & Kueffer, C. (2010) Alien flora of mountains: global comparisons for the development of local preventive measures against plant invasions. Diversity and Distributions, 17, 103-111.
35. Mack, R.N. & Lonsdale, W.M. (2001) Humans as global plant dispersers: getting more than we bargained for. Bioscience, 51, 95-102.
36. Marini, L., Gaston, K.J., Prosser, F. & Hulme, P.E. (2009) Contrasting response of native and alien plant species richness to environmental energy and human impact along alpine elevation gradients. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 18, 652-661.
37. Meyerson, L.A. & Mooney, H.A. (2007) Invasive alien species in an era of globalization. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5, 199-208.
38. Nogués-Bravo, D., Araújo, M.B., Romdal, T. & Rahbek, C. (2008) Scale effects and human impact on the elevational species richness gradients. Nature, 453, 216-220.
39. Oksanen, J., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., O'Hara, B., Simpson, G.L., Solymos, P., Henry, M., Stevens, H. & Wagner, H. (2008) vegan: community ecology package. R package version 1.15-1. Available at: (accessed 10 April 2010).
40. Parks, C.G., Radosevich, S.R., Endress, B.A., Naylor, B.J., Anzinger, D., Rew, L.J., Maxwell, B.D. & Dwire, K.A. (2005) Natural and land-use history of the Northwest mountain ecoregions (USA) in relation to patterns of plant invasions. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 7, 137-158.
41. Pauchard, A. & Alaback, P.B. (2004) Influence of elevation, land use, and landscape context on patterns of alien plant invasions along roadsides in protected areas of south-central Chile. Conservation Biology, 18, 238-248.
42. Pauchard, A. & Shea, K. (2006) Integrating the study of non-native plant invasions across spatial scales. Biological Invasions, 8, 399-413.
43. Pauchard, A., Cavieres, L.A. & Bustamante, R.O. (2004) Comparing alien plant invasions among regions with similar climates: where to from here? Diversity and Distributions, 10, 371-375.
44. Pauchard, A., Kueffer, C., Dietz, H., Daehler, C.C., Alexander, J., Edwards, P.J., Arévalo, J.R., Cavieres, L.A., Guisan, A., Haider, S., Jakobs, G., McDougall, K., Millar, C.I., Naylor, B.J., Parks, C.G., Rew, L.J. & Seipel, T. (2009) Ain't no mountain high enough: plant invasions reaching new elevations. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 479-486.
45. R Development Core Team (2008) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available at: (accessed 10 April 2010).
46. Rew, L.J., Maxwell, B.D. & Aspinall, R. (2005) Predicting the occurrence of nonindigenous species using environmental and remotely sensed data. Weed Science, 53, 236-241.
47. Simberloff, D. (2009) The role of propagule pressure in biological invasions. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 40, 81-102.
48. Tilman, D. (1997) Community invasibility, recruitment limitation, and grassland biodiversity. Ecology, 78, 81-92.
49. Wilson, J.R.U., Dormontt, E.E., Prentis, P.J., Lowe, A.J. & Richardson, D.M. (2009) Something in the way you move: dispersal pathways affect invasion success. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24, 136-144.