Vulnerability and the intention to anabolic steroids use among iranian gym users: An application of the theory of planned behavior

Substance Use and Misuse

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 309-317

  Allahverdipour, Hamid ^a   Jalilian, Farzad ^b   Shaghaghi, Abdolreza ^a  

^a TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b BU ALI SINA UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Anabolic androgenic steroids; Health; Intention; Substance use

Indexed keywords

ANABOLIC AGENT; ANDROGEN;

ADDICTION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BEHAVIOR; DRUG USE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; IRAN; MALE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; SELF CONCEPT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANABOLIC AGENTS; ANDROGENS; ATHLETES; DRUG USERS; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HUMANS; INTENTION; IRAN; MALE; PLANNING TECHNIQUES; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; SELF EFFICACY; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 84855517196     PISSN: 10826084     EISSN: 15322491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.633296     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
2. Allahverdipour, H., Farhadinasab, A., Galeeiha, A., & Mirzaee, E. (2007). Behavioral intention to avoid drug abuse works as protective factor among adolescent. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 7(1), 6-12.
3. Allahverdipour, H., Hidarnia, A., Kazemnegad, A., Shafii, F., Azad fallah, P., & Emami, A. (2006). The status of self-control and its relation to drug abuse related behaviours among Iranian male high school students. Social Behavior and Personality, 34, 413-424. (Pubitemid 43735149)
4. Amsterdam, J. V., Opperhuizen, A., & Hartgens, F. (2010). Adverse health effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 57, 117-123.
5. Baker, J. S., Graham, M. R., & Davies, B. (2006). Steroid and prescription medicine abuse in the health and fitness community: A regional study. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 17, 479-484. (Pubitemid 44708733)
6. Barati, M., Allahverdipour, H., Moeini, B., Farhadinasab, A., & Mahjub, H. (2011). Evaluation of theory of planned behaviorbased education for preventing MDMA (Ecstasy) use among university students. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33(3), 20-29.
7. Bering, J. M. (2003). Characteristics, attitudes and normative factors of anabolic steroid use among college-aged males and females: An application of the theory of reasoned action. ETD collection for University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Paper AAI3092528.
8. Donovan, R. J., Egger, G., Kapernick, V., & Mendoza, J. (2002). A conceptual framework for achieving performance enhancing drug compliance in sport. Sports Medicine, 32, 269-284. (Pubitemid 34293265)
9. Dunn, M., Mazanov, J., & Sitharthan, G. (2009). Predicting future anabolic-androgenic steroid use intentions with current substance use: Findings from an Internet-based survey. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 19(3), 222-227.
10. Ellickson, S. L., Tucker, J. S., Klein, D. J., & McGuigan, K. A. (2001). Prospective risk factors for alcohol misuse in late adolescence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62, 773-782. (Pubitemid 34118932)
11. Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard,M., Ouellette, J. A., & Burzette, R. (2000). Discriminating between behavioral intention and behavioral willingness: Cognitive antecedents to adolescent health risk. In P. Norman & C. Abraham (Eds.), Understanding and changing health behaviour: From health beliefs to self-regulation (pp. 137-161). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Harwook Academic Publishers.
12. Goulet, C., Valois, P., Buist, A., & Côté, M. (2010). Predictors of the use of performance-enhancing substances by young. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 20, 243-248.
13. Hall, R. C., & Hall, R. C. (2005). Abuse of supraphysiologic doses of anabolic steroids. Southern Medical Journal, 98, 550-555. (Pubitemid 40696447)
14. Hardeman, W., Johnston, M., Johnston, D., Bonett, D., Wareham, N., & Kinmonth, M. (2002). Application of the theory of planned behaviour in behaviour change interventions: A systematic review. Psychology and Health, 17(2), 123-158.
15. Hildebrandt, T., Langenbucher, J., Carr, S., Sanjuan, P., & Park, S. (2006). Predicting intentions for long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid use among men: A covariance structure model. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 234-240. (Pubitemid 44386422)
16. Jalilian, F., Allahverdipour, H., Moeini, B., & Moghimbeigi, A. (2011). Effectiveness of anabolic steroid preventative intervention among gym users: Applying theory of planned behavior. Health Promotion Perspectives, 1(1), 32-40.
17. Jemmott, J. B., & Jemmott, L. S. (2000). "HIV risk reduction behavioral interventions with heterosexual adolescents." AIDS, 14(Suppl 2), S40-S52.
18. Kanayama, G., Hudson, J. I., & Pope Jr., H. G. (2008). Long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse: A looming public health concern? Drug and Alcohol Dependency, 98, 1-12.
19. Kanayama, G., Hudson, J. I., & Pope Jr., H. G. (2009). Features of men with anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence: A comparison with nondependent AAS users and with AAS nonusers. Drug and Alcohol Dependency, 102, 130-137.
20. Kargarfard, M., Ghias, M., KarimZadegan, A. R., & Kashi A. (2006). Assumption of anabolic-androgenic steroids among Isfahan University students: Prevalence and awareness about their side effects. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 8(31), 73-80.
21. Kashi, A., Kargarfard, M., Molavi M., & Sarlak, Z. (2006). Anabolic-androgenic steroids use among bodybuilding athletes: Prevalence and knowledge about the side effects. Olympic, 14(2), 73-86.
22. Kious, B. M. (2008). Philosophy on steroids: Why the anti-doping position could use a little enhancement. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 29, 213-234.
23. Laure, P., & Binsinger, C. (2007). Doping prevalence among preadolescent athletes: A 4-year follow-up. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41, 660-663. (Pubitemid 47518437)
24. Liu, T., Shehata, M., Li, G., & Wang, X. (2010). Androgens and atrial fibrillation: Friends or foes? International Journal of Cardiology, 145(2), 365-367.
25. Lucidi, F., Grano, C., Leone, L., Lombardo, C., & Pesce, C. (2004). Determinants of the intention to use doping substances: An empirical contribution in a sample of Italian adolescents. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 35, 133-148. (Pubitemid 38963564)
26. Lundholm, L., K̈all, K., Wallin, S., & Thiblin, I. (2010). Use of anabolic androgenic steroids in substance abusers arrested for crime. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 111(3), 222-226.
27. MacKinnon, D. P., Goldberg, L., Clarke, G. N., Elliot, D. L., Cheong, J. W., Lapin, A., Moe, E. L., & Krull, J. L. (2001). Mediating mechanisms in a program to reduce intentions to use anabolic steroids and improve exercise self-efficacy and dietary behavior. Prevention Science, 2(1), 15-27.
28. Maravelias, C., Dona, A., Stefanidou, M., & Spiliopoulou, C. (2005). Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes. A constant threat. Toxicology Letters, 158, 167-175. (Pubitemid 41074813)
29. Marcoux, B. C., & Shope, J. T. (1997). Application of the theory of planned behavior to adolescent use and misuse of alcohol. Health Education Research, 12(3), 323-331. (Pubitemid 27389154)
30. Montaño, D. E., & Kasprzyk, D. (2008). Theory of reasoned action behavior, theory of planned behvior, and the integrated behavioral model. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer & K. Viswanath (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (4th ed., pp. 67-92). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
31. Nilsson, S., Spak, F., Marklund, B., Baigi, A., & Allebeck, P. (2005). Attitudes and behaviors with regards to androgenic anabolic steroids among male adolescents in a county of Sweden. Substance Use and Misuse, 40, 1-12.
32. Nojoumi,M.,&Behravan,V. (2005). Study of anabolic steroids and the awareness of their complications in bodybuilding athletes in Karaj(2003). Journal of Iran University of Medical Sciences, 11(44), 1059-1064.
33. Parkinson, A. B., & Evans, N. A. (2006). Anabolic androgenic steroids: A survey of 500 users. Medicine and Sciences in Sports and Exercise, 38, 644-651.
34. Petersson, A., Garle, M., Granath, F., & Thiblin, I.,(2006). Morbidity and mortality in patients testing positively for the presence of anabolic androgenic steroids in connection with receiving medical care. A controlled retrospective cohort study. Drug and Alcohol Dependency, 81, 215-220. (Pubitemid 43152447)
35. Petróczi, A. (2007). Attitudes and doping: A structural equation analysis of the relationship between athletes' attitudes, sport orientation and doping behavior. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 2(34), 1-15.
36. Petróczi, A., & Aidman, E. (2008). Psychological drives in doping: The life-cycle model of performance enhancement. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 3(7), 1-12.
37. Quaglio, G., Fornasiero, A., Mezzelani, P., Moreschini, S., Lugoboni, F., & Lechi, A. (2009). Anabolic steroids: Dependence and complications of chronic use. Internal and EmergencyMedicine, 4(4), 289-296.
38. Rogol, A. D. (2010). Drugs of abuse and the adolescent athlete. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 36(19), 1-6.
39. Sepehri, G. H., & Moosavifar, G.P. (2003). The prevalence of anabolic steroid abuse in bodybuilder athletes in Kerman city. Journal of Rafsanjan Medical Sciences University, 2(3-4), 213-221.
40. Simon, P., Striegel, H., Aust, F., Dietz, K., & Ulrich, R. (2006). Doping in fitness sports: Estimated number of unreported cases and individual probability of doping. Addiction, 101, 1640-1644. (Pubitemid 44527196)
41. Skarberg, K., Nyberg, F., & Engstrom, I. (2009). Multisubstance use as a feature of addiction to anabolic-androgenic steroids. European Accident Research, 15, 99-106.
42. Strelan, P., & Boeckmann, R. J. (2003). A new model for understanding performance-enhancing drug use by elite athletes. Journal of Applied Sports Psychology, 15, 176-183. (Pubitemid 36761241)
43. Tahtamouni, L. H., Mustafa, N. H., Alfaouri, A. A., Hassan, I. M., Abdalla, M. Y., & Yasin, S. R. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors for anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse among Jordanian collegiate students and athletes. European Journal of Public Health, 18(6), 661-665.
44. Thiblin, I., & Petersson, A. (2005). Pharmacoepidemiology of anabolic androgenic steroids: A review. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 19, 27-44. (Pubitemid 40204345)
45. Wiefferink, C. H., Detmar, S. B., Coumans, B., Vogels, T., & Paulussen, T. G. W. (2007). Social psychological determinants of the use of performance-enhancing drugs by gym users. Health Education Research, 23(1), 70-80.
46. Zickler, P. (2007). NIDA initiative targets increasing teen use of anabolic steroids. NIDA NOTES: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 21(4), 11-12.