메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1717-1765

Deterring and compensating oil-spill catastrophes: The need for strict and two-tier liability

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84855506028     PISSN: 00422533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (100)
  • 2
    • 84855495093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President Barack Obama, June 15, transcript available at
    • President Barack Obama, Remarks by the President to the Nation on the BP Oil Spill (June 15, 2010), (transcript available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/ the-press-office/remarks-president-nation-bp-oil-spill)
    • (2010) Remarks by the President to the Nation on the BP Oil Spill
  • 3
    • 84855516838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oiled gulf may defy direst predictions
    • Sept. 14
    • Leslie Kaufman & Shaila Dewan, Oiled Gulf May Defy Direst Predictions, N.Y. TIMES, Sept. 14, 2010, at D1, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/14/science/earth/14spill.html)
    • (2010) N.Y. Times
    • Kaufman, L.1    Dewan, S.2
  • 4
    • 77956311544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking hydrocarbon plume transport and biodegradation at deepwater horizon
    • Richard Camilli et al., Tracking Hydrocarbon Plume Transport and Biodegradation at Deepwater Horizon, 330 SCIENCE 201, 201-04 (2010)
    • (2010) 330 Science , vol.201 , pp. 201-04
    • Camilli, R.1
  • 5
    • 77956299931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep-sea oil plume enriches indigenous oil-degrading bacteria
    • Terry C. Hazen et al., Deep-Sea Oil Plume Enriches Indigenous Oil-Degrading Bacteria, 330 SCIENCE 204, 204-07 (2010)
    • (2010) 330 Science , vol.204 , pp. 204-07
    • Hazen, T.C.1
  • 6
    • 77957750550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propane respiration jump-starts microbial response to a deep oil spill
    • David L. Valentine et al., Propane Respiration Jump-Starts Microbial Response to a Deep Oil Spill, 330 SCIENCE 208, 208-11 (2010)
    • (2010) 330 Science , vol.208 , pp. 208-11
    • Valentine, D.L.1
  • 7
    • 84855516918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind keeps oil from loop current & away from florida shores
    • July 19, 1:16 PM
    • Brian Hamacher, Wind Keeps Oil From Loop Current & Away From Florida Shores, NBC MIAMI (July 19, 2010, 1:16 PM), http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/ Wind-Keeps-Oil-From-Loop-Current-Away-From-Florida-Shores-98757749.html.
    • (2010) NBC Miami
    • Hamacher, B.1
  • 8
    • 84855487169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exec. order no. 13,543
    • May 21
    • Exec. Order No. 13,543, 75 Fed. Reg. 29,397 (May 21, 2010).
    • (2010) 75 Fed. Reg. , pp. 29397
  • 9
    • 79958249435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reports fault administration on spill
    • Oct. 7
    • John M. Broder, Reports Fault Administration on Spill, N.Y. TIMES, Oct. 7, 2010, at A20, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/07/science/earth/ 07spill.html.
    • (2010) N.Y. Times
    • Broder, J.M.1
  • 10
    • 84945383533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of the nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant
    • Apr. 29
    • Status of the Nuclear Reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 29, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/16/world/asia/ reactors-status.html.
    • (2011) N.Y. Times
  • 11
    • 84855484227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japan confronts liabilities for crisis
    • May 4
    • Yuka Hayashi, Japan Confronts Liabilities for Crisis, WALL ST. J., May 4, 2011, at A13, available at http://online.wsj.com/article/ SB10001424052748703367004576288692867523776.html.
    • (2011) Wall ST. J.
    • Hayashi, Y.1
  • 12
    • 84855505565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2704(a)(3) (2006)
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2704(a)(3) (2006
  • 13
    • 84855496462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Law No. 147 of 1961, pt. II, ch. 1, § 3 (Japan), translated in Act on Compensation for Nuclear Damage, NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY, Apr. 17
    • Law No. 147 of 1961, pt. II, ch. 1, § 3 (Japan), translated in Act on Compensation for Nuclear Damage, NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY (Apr. 17, 2009), http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/japan-docs/Japan-Nuclear-Damage- Compensation-Act.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 14
    • 84855502439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GE unlikely to face liability in japanese nuclear crisis
    • Apr. 1
    • Andrew Longstreth, GE Unlikely to Face Liability in Japanese Nuclear Crisis, REUTERS, Apr. 1, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/01/us- japan-ge-liability-dUSTRE7302EB20110401.
    • (2011) Reuters
    • Longstreth, A.1
  • 15
    • 84855512451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2704(a)(3) (2006)
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2704(a)(3) (2006
  • 19
    • 84855508948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. ENERGY INFO. ADMIN., fig.3.3a
    • U.S. ENERGY INFO. ADMIN., MONTHLY ENERGY REVIEW AUGUST 2011, at 40 fig.3.3a (2011), available at http://205.254.135.24/totalenergy/data/monthly/ pdf/sec3-6.pdf
    • (2011) Monthly Energy Review August 2011 , pp. 40
  • 20
    • 0028015397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmentally responsible energy pricing
    • W. Kip Viscusi et al., Environmentally Responsible Energy Pricing, 15 ENERGY J. 23, 28-42.
    • 15 Energy J. , vol.23 , pp. 28-42
    • Kip Viscusi, W.1
  • 21
    • 84855510845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergovernmental panel on climate change, energy supply
    • B. Metz et al. eds.
    • Ralph E.H. Sims et al., Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Energy Supply, in CLIMATE CHANGE 2007: MITIGATION 251, 305 (B. Metz et al. eds., 2007
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: Mitigation , vol.251 , pp. 305
    • Sims, R.E.H.1
  • 22
    • 0008654322 scopus 로고
    • The strategy of choice
    • Richard J. Zeckhauser ed.
    • Richard J. Zeckhauser, The Strategy of Choice, in STRATEGY AND CHOICE 16-17 (Richard J. Zeckhauser ed., 1991
    • (1991) Strategy and Choice , pp. 16-17
    • Zeckhauser, R.J.1
  • 24
    • 34247529903 scopus 로고
    • Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability
    • Amos Tversky & Daniel Kahneman, Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability, 5 COGNITIVE PSYCHOL. 207, 207 (1973)
    • (1973) 5 Cognitive Psychol. , vol.207 , pp. 207
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 25
    • 84855508558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900, (last visited Sept. 28, 2011)
    • Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURV., http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/10-largest-world.php (last visited Sept. 28, 2011)
    • U.S. Geological Surv.
  • 27
    • 0000125532 scopus 로고
    • Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
    • Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky, Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk, 47 ECONOMETRICA 263 (1979
    • (1979) 47 Econometrica , pp. 263
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 28
    • 0000752978 scopus 로고
    • Sources of inconsistency in societal responses to health risks
    • W. Kip Viscusi, Sources of Inconsistency in Societal Responses to Health Risks, 80 AM. ECON. REV. 257, 257 (1990)
    • (1990) 80 Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.257 , pp. 257
    • Kip Viscusi, W.1
  • 30
    • 84855507624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japan's nuclear crisis: Does it compare to three Mile Island, Chernobyl?
    • Mar. 14
    • Jenny Marder, Japan's Nuclear Crisis: Does it Compare to Three Mile Island, Chernobyl?, PBS NEWSHOUR, Mar. 14, 2011, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/ rundown/2011/03/cooling-system-fails-at-nuclear-reactors-fuel-talk-of-past- disasters.html
    • (2011) PBS Newshour
    • Marder, J.1
  • 32
    • 84855502678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fact sheet: Natural disasters-forecasting economic and life losses
    • (last visited Sept. 28, 2011)
    • Fact Sheet: Natural Disasters-Forecasting Economic and Life Losses, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURV., http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/natural-disasters/index.html (last visited Sept. 28, 2011
    • U.S. Geological Surv.
  • 33
    • 84855497115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historically significant wildland fires
    • (last visited Aug. 31, 2011)
    • Historically Significant Wildland Fires, NAT'L INTERAGENCY FIRE CTR., http://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo-stats-histSigFires.html (last visited Aug. 31, 2011)
    • Nat'l Interagency Fire Ctr.
  • 34
    • 84855477471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deadliest/large-loss fires: The 10 largest loss wildland fires in the U.S
    • (last visited Sept. 28, 2011)
    • Deadliest/Large-Loss Fires: The 10 Largest Loss Wildland Fires in the U.S., NAT'L FIRE PROT. ASS'N, http://www.nfpa.org/itemDetail.asp?categoryID= 954&itemID=44745&URL=Research/Fire%20statistics/Deadliest/ large-loss%20fires (last visited Sept. 28, 2011
    • Nat'l Fire Prot. Ass'n
  • 35
    • 84855510908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthquakes with 50,000 or more deaths
    • (last visited Sept. 28, 2011)
    • Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURV., http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/most-destructive.php (last visited Sept. 28, 2011
    • U.S. Geological Surv.
  • 36
    • 84855517976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World's largest oil spills map
    • (last visited Aug. 31, 2011)
    • World's Largest Oil Spills Map, GEOLOGY, http://geology.com/articles/ largest-oil-spills-map/ (last visited Aug. 31, 2011
    • Geology
  • 37
    • 84855508417 scopus 로고
    • Oklahoma city bombing
    • (last visited Sept. 28, 2011)
    • Oklahoma City Bombing, 1995, FEMA, http://www.fema.gov/emergency/usr/ usrok95.shtm (last visited Sept. 28, 2011
    • (1995) Fema
  • 38
    • 84855493391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9/11 attacks
    • (last visited Oct. 26, 2011) (listing the number of dead as 2,992)
    • 9/11 Attacks, N.Y. TIMES, http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/ timestopics/subjects/s/sept-11-2001/attacks/index.html (last visited Oct. 26, 2011) (listing the number of dead as 2,992
    • N.Y. Times
  • 39
    • 84855509715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Old science on tsunami risk guided by Japan's nuclear rules
    • Mar. 27
    • Norimitsu Onishi & James Glanz, Old Science on Tsunami Risk Guided by Japan's Nuclear Rules, N.Y. TIMES, Mar. 27, 2011, at A1.
    • (2011) N.Y. Times
    • Onishi, N.1    Glanz, J.2
  • 40
    • 85014864999 scopus 로고
    • Utility functions that depend on health status: Estimates and economic implications
    • W. Kip Viscusi & Williams N. Evans, Utility Functions that Depend on Health Status: Estimates and Economic Implications, 80 AM. ECON. REV. 353, 354 (1990
    • (1990) 80 Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.353 , pp. 354
    • Kip Viscusi, W.1    Evans, W.N.2
  • 41
    • 8344239718 scopus 로고
    • Incentive-based decentralization: Expected-externality payment induced efficient behavior in groups
    • George R. Feiwel ed.
    • John W. Pratt & Richard J. Zeckhauser, Incentive-based Decentralization: Expected-Externality Payment Induced Efficient Behavior in Groups, in ARROW AND THE ASCENT OF MODERN ECONOMIC THEORY 439, 445 (George R. Feiwel ed., 1987
    • (1987) Arrow and the Ascent of Modern Economic Theory , vol.439 , pp. 445
    • Pratt, J.W.1    Zeckhauser, R.J.2
  • 42
    • 84855511033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clean Water Act of 1977, Pub. L. No. 95-217, 91 Stat. 1566 (2006) (codified as amended in scattered sections of 33 U.S.C.)
    • Clean Water Act of 1977, Pub. L. No. 95-217, 91 Stat. 1566 (2006) (codified as amended in scattered sections of 33 U.S.C.
  • 43
    • 84855514796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oil Pollution Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-380, 104 Stat. 484 (2006) (codified as amended in scattered titles and sections of U.S.C.)
    • Oil Pollution Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-380, 104 Stat. 484 (2006) (codified as amended in scattered titles and sections of U.S.C.
  • 44
    • 84855472981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972 § 312, 16 U.S.C. § 1443 (2006)
    • National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972 § 312, 16 U.S.C. § 1443 (2006)
  • 45
    • 84855492711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act §107, 42 U.S.C. § 9607 (2006)
    • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act §107, 42 U.S.C. § 9607 (2006)
  • 46
    • 84855506184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act of 1973 § 204, 43 U.S.C. § 1653 (2006) (same)
    • Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act of 1973 § 204, 43 U.S.C. § 1653 (2006) (same
  • 47
    • 84855500752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2702(a) (2006)
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2702(a) (2006
  • 48
    • 0347333595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Positive Psychological Theory of Judging in Hindsight
    • Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, A Positive Psychological Theory of Judging in Hindsight, 65 U. CHI. L. REV. 571 (1998) (Pubitemid 128443620)
    • (1998) University of Chicago Law Review , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 571
    • Rachlinski, J.J.1
  • 50
    • 84855478568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2706(d)(1)
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2706(d)(1
  • 51
    • 84855507159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 26 U.S.C. § 9509(c)(2) (2006)
    • 26 U.S.C. § 9509(c)(2) (2006
  • 52
    • 84855498802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BP spill fund has paid $5 billion to claimants
    • Aug. 24
    • Ben Lefebvre & Tennille Tracy, BP Spill Fund Has Paid $5 Billion to Claimants, WALL ST. J., Aug. 24, 2011, at A2, available at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111903461304576526711719321414.html
    • (2011) Wall St. J.
    • Lefebvre, B.1    Tracy, T.2
  • 53
    • 84855485322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2702(b)
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2702(b
  • 54
    • 84855477571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement of BP Exploration & Production Inc. re Applicability of Limit of Liability under Oil Pollution Act of 1990 at 1-2, In re Oil Spill by the Oil Rig "Deepwater Horizon" in the Gulf of Mexico, on Apr. 20, 2010, MDL No. 2179, E.D. La. Oct. 18, available at
    • Statement of BP Exploration & Production Inc. re Applicability of Limit of Liability under Oil Pollution Act of 1990 at 1-2, In re Oil Spill by the Oil Rig "Deepwater Horizon" in the Gulf of Mexico, on Apr. 20, 2010, MDL No. 2179 (E.D. La. Oct. 18, 2010), available at http://www.laed. uscourts.gov/OilSpill/Orders/BPStatement.pdf.
    • (2010)
  • 55
    • 84855495093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barack Obama, U.S. President, June 15
    • Barack Obama, U.S. President, Remarks by the President to the Nation on the BP Oil Spill (June 15, 2010), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the- press-office/remarks-president-nation-bp-oil-spill.
    • (2010) Remarks by the President to the Nation on the BP Oil Spill
  • 56
    • 84855489771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Companies, crews, and regulators share blame in coast guard report on oil spill
    • Apr. 23
    • John M. Broder, Companies, Crews, and Regulators Share Blame in Coast Guard Report on Oil Spill, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 23, 2011, at A9, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/23/us/23spill.html
    • (2011) N.Y. Times
    • Broder, J.M.1
  • 57
    • 84855493367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spill report faults transocean rig
    • Apr. 23
    • Russell Gold & Angel Gonzalez, Spill Report Faults Transocean Rig, WALL ST. J., Apr. 23, 2011, at A3, available at http://online.wsj.com/article/ SB10001424052748703387904576279110653117564.html
    • (2011) Wall St. J.
    • Gold, R.1    Gonzalez, A.2
  • 58
    • 84855515717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BP sues 3 companies over alleged roles in deepwater horizon spill
    • Apr. 21
    • Lawrence Hurley, BP Sues 3 Companies Over Alleged Roles in Deepwater Horizon Spill, GREENWIRE, Apr. 21, 2011, available at http://www.eenews.net/ public/Greenwire/2011/04/21/1
    • (2011) Greenwire
    • Hurley, L.1
  • 59
    • 84855510560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BP sues halliburton, transocean, Cameron
    • Apr. 21
    • Aude Lagorce, BP Sues Halliburton, Transocean, Cameron, MARKET WATCH (Apr. 21, 2011), http://www.marketwatch.com/story/bp-sues-halliburton- transocean-cameron-2011-04-21-954390
    • (2011) Market Watch
    • Lagorce, A.1
  • 60
    • 84855485998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BP sues contractors transocean, Cameron
    • Apr. 21
    • Russell Gold & Angel Gonzalez, BP Sues Contractors Transocean, Cameron, WALL ST. J., Apr. 21, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/ SB10001424052748703838004576275510607152074.html
    • (2011) Wall St. J.
    • Gold, R.1    Gonzalez, A.2
  • 61
    • 84855484996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BP sues halliburton over gulf disaster
    • Apr. 21
    • Guy Chazan, BP Sues Halliburton Over Gulf Disaster, WALL ST. J., Apr. 21, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/ SB10001424052748704071704576276421727774228.html
    • (2011) Wall St. J.
    • Chazan, G.1
  • 62
    • 84855474354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See 22 AM. JUR. 2D Death § 3 (2011)
    • See 22 AM. JUR. 2D Death § 3 (2011
  • 64
    • 84855514440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Florida worries about effect on tourism
    • May 20
    • Catharine Skipp, Florida Worries About Effect on Tourism, N.Y. TIMES, May 20, 2010, at A18, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/20/science/earth/ 20tourism.html
    • (2010) N.Y. Times
    • Skipp, C.1
  • 65
    • 84855483833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 42 U.S.C. § 9601(32) (2006)
    • 42 U.S.C. § 9601(32) (2006)
  • 66
    • 84855477660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States v. Chem-Dyne Corp., 572 F. Supp. 802, 805-11 (S.D. Ohio 1983)
    • United States v. Chem-Dyne Corp., 572 F. Supp. 802, 805-11 (S.D. Ohio 1983)
  • 67
    • 84855483136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BP, FINANCIAL AND OPERATING INFORMATION 2006-2010, at 7 (2011), available at http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp-internet/globalbp/STAGING/global-assets/ downloads/F/FOI-2006-2010-full-book.pdf.
    • (2011) BP, Financial and Operating Information 2006-2010 , pp. 7
  • 68
    • 84855485459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HALLIBURTON, (last visited May 16, 2010)
    • Financial Reports: Comparative Highlights, HALLIBURTON, http://ir.halliburton.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=67605&p=irol-reportsOther (last visited May 16, 2010
    • Financial Reports: Comparative Highlights
  • 69
    • 79960025447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BP, DEEPWATER HORIZON ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT 4-6 (2010), available at http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp-internet/globalbp-uk-english/incident- response/STAGING/local-assets/downloads-pdfs/Deepwater-Horizon-Accident- Investigation-Report.pdf
    • (2010) BP, Deepwater Horizon Accident Investigation Report , pp. 4-6
  • 71
    • 84855515216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2716(c)(1)(B) (2006)
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2716(c)(1)(B) (2006
  • 72
    • 84855476673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2704(a)(1)(3) (2006)
    • 33 U.S.C. § 2704(a)(1)(3) (2006
  • 73
    • 84855518048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price-Anderson Act, 42 U.S.C. § 2210(s) (2006)
    • Price-Anderson Act, 42 U.S.C. § 2210(s) (2006
  • 74
    • 84855482919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMM'N, available at
    • U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMM'N, FACT SHEET: NUCLEAR INSURANCE AND DISASTER RELIEF FUNDS 1 (2011), available at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc- collections/fact-sheets/funds-fs.pdf.
    • (2011) Fact Sheet: Nuclear Insurance and Disaster Relief Funds , pp. 1
  • 75
    • 67650517412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Punitive damages: An economic analysis
    • Steven Shavell, Punitive Damages: An Economic Analysis, 111 HARV. L. REV. 869, 887-96 (1998
    • (1998) 111 Harv. L. Rev. , vol.869 , pp. 887-96
    • Shavell, S.1
  • 76
    • 0346684292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate risk analysis: A reckless act?
    • W. Kip Viscusi, Corporate Risk Analysis: A Reckless Act?, 52 STAN. L. REV. 547, 563 (2000)
    • (2000) 52 Stan. L. Rev. , vol.547 , pp. 563
    • Kip Viscusi, W.1
  • 77
    • 79956151028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty
    • Daniel A. Farber, Uncertainty, 99 GEO. L.J. 901, 926-27 (2011)
    • (2011) 99 Geo. L.J. , vol.901 , pp. 926-27
    • Farber, D.A.1
  • 84
    • 84855495285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Claims by individuals and businesses can be filed at
    • Claims by individuals and businesses can be filed at http://www. gulfcoastclaimsfacility.com/index.
  • 85
    • 84855502400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government claims are filed at
    • Government claims are filed at http://www.bp.com/governmentclaim.
  • 86
    • 84855497362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequently asked questions § 7
    • (last visited May 16, 2010)
    • Frequently Asked Questions § 7, GULF COAST CLAIMS FACILITY, http://www.gulfcoastclaimsfacility.com/faq (last visited May 16, 2010
    • Gulf Coast Claims Facility
  • 87
    • 84855508464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensation for injury and death is not included under the OPA. 33 U.S.C. § 2702(b) (2006)
    • Compensation for injury and death is not included under the OPA. 33 U.S.C. § 2702(b) (2006
  • 89
    • 84855476701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affected gulf resources: NOAA gulf spill restoration
    • (last visited Sept. 3, 2011)
    • Affected Gulf Resources: NOAA Gulf Spill Restoration, NAT'L OCEANIC & ATMOSPHERIC ADMIN., U.S. DEP'T OF COMMERCE, http://www.gulfspillrestoration. noaa.gov/oil-spill/affected-gulf-resources/ (last visited Sept. 3, 2011)
    • Nat'l Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin., U.S. Dep't of Commerce
  • 90
    • 0038164959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingent valuation and lost passive use: Damages from the exxon valdez oil spill
    • Richard T. Carson, et al., Contingent Valuation and Lost Passive Use: Damages from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 25 ENVTL. & RESOURCE ECON. 257, 259-60 (2003
    • (2003) 25 Envtl. & Resource Econ. , vol.257 , pp. 259-60
    • Carson, R.T.1
  • 91
    • 84855498183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Natural Resource Damage Assessments Under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 58 Fed. Reg. 4601 (Jan. 15, 1993)
    • Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Natural Resource Damage Assessments Under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 58 Fed. Reg. 4601 (Jan. 15, 1993
  • 92
    • 79960251945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questions and answers
    • (last visited Sept. 3, 2011)
    • Questions and Answers, EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL TRUSTEE COUNCIL, http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/facts/qanda.cfm (last visited Sept. 3, 2011
    • Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council
  • 93
    • 78751704176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A persistent oxygen anomaly reveals the fate of spilled methane in the deep gulf of Mexico
    • John D. Kessler et al., A Persistent Oxygen Anomaly Reveals the Fate of Spilled Methane in the Deep Gulf of Mexico, 331 SCIENCE 312, 312 (2011
    • (2011) 331 Science , vol.312 , pp. 312
    • Kessler, J.D.1
  • 94
    • 0032688304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensation for natural resource damages from oil spills: A comparison of us law and international conventions
    • Carol Adaire Jones, Compensation for Natural Resource Damages from Oil Spills: A Comparison of US Law and International Conventions, 11 INT'L J. ENV'T & POLLUTION 86 (1999
    • (1999) 11 Int'l J. Env't & Pollution , pp. 86
    • Adaire Jones, C.1
  • 95
    • 84855485363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The monetary compensation principle for natural resource damages is articulated in 43 C.F.R. § 11.83 (2010) and Ohio v. U.S. Dep't of the Interior, 880 F.2d 432, 464 (D.C. Cir. 1989)
    • The monetary compensation principle for natural resource damages is articulated in 43 C.F.R. § 11.83 (2010) and Ohio v. U.S. Dep't of the Interior, 880 F.2d 432, 464 (D.C. Cir. 1989
  • 97
    • 84936526580 scopus 로고
    • Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the coase theorem
    • Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch & Richard H. Thaler, Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem, 98 J. POL. ECON. 1325 (1990
    • (1990) 98 J. Pol. Econ. , pp. 1325
    • Kahneman, D.1    Knetsch, J.L.2    Thaler, R.H.3
  • 98
    • 0037374891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the theory of reference-dependent preferences
    • Alistair Munro & Robert Sugden, On the Theory of Reference-Dependent Preferences, 50 J. ECON. BEHAV. & ORG. 407 (2003
    • (2003) 50 J. Econ. Behav. & Org. , pp. 407
    • Munro, A.1    Sugden, R.2
  • 99
    • 84855492134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BP chief says industry must change to guard against spills
    • Mar. 9
    • Clifford Krauss, BP Chief Says Industry Must Change to Guard Against Spills, N.Y. TIMES, Mar. 9, 2011, at B9, available at http://www.nytimes.com/ 2011/03/09/business/energy-environment/09bp.html.
    • (2011) N.Y. Times
    • Krauss, C.1
  • 100
    • 84855474699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offshore statistics by water depth
    • (last visited Sept. 4, 2011)
    • Offshore Statistics by Water Depth, BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY, MGMT. & ENFORCEMENT, U.S. DEP'T OF THE INTERIOR, http://www.gomr.boemre.gov/homepg/ fastfacts/WaterDepth/WaterDepth.html (last visited Sept. 4, 2011)
    • Bureau of Ocean Energy, Mgmt. & Enforcement, U.S. Dep't of the Interior


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.