Sample Preparation and Inorganic Analysis for Urban Geochemical Survey Soil and Sediment Samples

Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 28-46

  Allen, Mark A ^a   Cave, Mark R ^a   Chenery, Simon R N ^a   Gowing, Charles J B ^a   Reeder, Shaun ^a  

^a BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Application of quality assurance; Field sample preservation; Health and safety issues; Instrumental analysis for inorganic analytes; Physical sample preparation; Road deposited sediment (RDS); The British Geological Survey (BGS)

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855467195     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470670071.ch3     Document Type: Chapter

References (62)

1. Ahmed, F., Bibi, M.H. and Ishiga, H., 2007. Environmental assessment of Dhaka City (Bangladesh) based on the trace metal contents in road dusts. Environmental Geology, 51, 975-985.
2. Albanese, S., 2008. Evaluation of the bioavailability of potentially harmful elements in urban soils through ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction: a case study in southern Italy. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 8, 49-57.
3. Al-Jundi, J. and Al-Tarazi, E., 2008.Radioactivity and elemental analysis in the Ruseifa municipal landfill, Jordan. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 99(1), 190-198.
4. Bascomb, C.L., 1964. Rapid method for the determination of the cation exchange capacity of calcareous and non-calcareous soils. Journal of Food and Agriculture, 15, 821-823.
5. Birke, M. and Rauch, U., 2000. Urban geochemistry: investigations in the Berlin metropolitan area. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 22, 233-248.
6. Bityukova, L., Shogenova, A. and Birke, M., 2000. Urban geochemistry: a study of element distributions in the soils of Tallinn (Estonia). Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 22, 173-193.
7. Block, C.N., Shibata, T., Solo-Gabriele, H.M. and Townsend, T.G., 2007.Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry units for identification of arsenic in treated wood. Environmental Pollution, 148(2), 627-633.
8. Bohn, H.L., McNeal, B.L. and O'Connor, G.A., 2001.Acid soils, in Soil Chemistry, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, Chapter 10, pp. 260-279.
9. Caboche, J., 2009.Validation d'un test de mesure de bioaccessibilité. Application à quatre éléments traces métallique dans les sols: As, Cd, Pb et Sb. L'Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine.
10. Carr, R., Zhang, C.S., Moles, N. and Harder, M., 2008. Identification and mapping of heavy metal pollution in soils of a sports ground in Galway City, Ireland, using a portable XRF analyser and GIS. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 30, 45-52.
11. Chan, Y.C., Vowles, P.D., McTainsh, G.H., Simpson, R.W. et al. 1995. Use of a modified Walkley-Black method to determine the organic and elemental carbon content of urban aerosols collected on glass fibre filters. Chemosphere, 31, 4403-4411.
12. Chen, M. and Ma, L.Q., 2001. Comparison of three aqua regia digestion methods for twenty Florida soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 491-499.
13. Cicchella, D., De Vivo, B., Lima, A. et al. 2008. Urban geochemical mapping in the Campania region (Italy). Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 8, 19-29.
14. Clark, P., 1999. Ammonium hydroxide pre-treatment as an aid to increasing extraction efficiencies of toxic metals from spent oxide waste. Analyst, 124, 1512-1515.
15. Clark, H.F., Brabander, D.J. and Erdil, R.M., 2006. Sources, sinks, and exposure pathways of lead in urban garden soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35, 2066-2074.
16. Diawara, M.M., Litt, S., Unis, D. et al. 2006. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: implications for population health risk. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 28, 297-315.
17. Dixon, S.L., McLaine, P., Kawecki, C. et al., 2006. The effectiveness of low-cost soil treatments to reduce soil and dust lead hazards: the Boston lead safe yards low cost lead in soil treatment, demonstration and evaluation. Environmental Research, 102, 113-124.
18. Dohrmann, R., 2006. Cation exchange capacity methodology I: an efficient model for the detection of incorrect cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cation results. Applied Clay Science, 34, 31-37.
19. Dohrmann, R. and Kaufhold, S., 2009. Three new, quick CEC methods for determining the amounts of exchangeable calcium cations in calcareous clays. Clays and Clay Minerals, 57, 338-352.
20. EA, 2009. Soil guideline values for cadmium in soil. UK Environment Agency (EA) Science Report SC050021/Cadmium SGV. Product code: SCHO0709BQRO-E-E. Published June 2009.
21. Fordyce, F.M., Brown, S.E., Ander, E.L., et al., 2005. GSUE: urban geochemical mapping in Great Britain. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 5, 325-336.
22. Garrett, R.G., Grunsk, E.C., and Friske, P.W.B., 2008.Comparison of soil data obtained using aqua regia variants on 8 standard reference materials. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 40, 488.
23. Gaudette, H.E., and Flight, W.R., 1974. An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 44, 259-253.
24. Gehrig, R., Hill, M., Lienemann, P., et al., 2007. Contribution of railway traffic to local PM10 concentrations in Switzerland. Atmospheric Environment, 41, 923-933.
25. Greenfield, S., Jones, I.L., and Berry, C.T., 1964. High-pressure plasmas as spectroscopic emission sources. Analyst, 89, 713-720.
26. Gupta, D., Chatterjee, J.M., Ghosh, R., et al., 2007.EDXRF analysis of municipal solid waste using Cd-109 source. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 65(5), 512-516.
27. Gy, P., 1979.Sampling of Particulate Materials - Theory and Practice, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 431 pp.
28. Hagens, W.I., Walraven, N., Minekus, M., et al., 2009.Relative oral bioavailability of lead from Dutch made grounds. RIVM, RIVM Report 711701086/2009.
29. Herman, D.S., Geraldine, M., Scott, C.C., and Venkatesh, T., 2006.Health hazards by lead exposure: evaluation usingASV and XRF. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 22(6), 249-254.
30. Ingamells, C.O., 1974. New approaches to geochemical analysis and sampling. Talanta, 21, 141-155.
31. Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999. IRR99, Stationery Office (ISBN 0 11 085614 7).
32. ISO 1994. Soil quality - Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis - Gravimetric method, International Standards Organisation ISO 11465:1993/ Cor 1:1994.
33. ISO 1995a. Soil quality. Chemical methods. Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis), BS 7755-3.8:1995, International Standards Organisation ISO 10694:1995.
34. ISO 1995b. Soil-Quality - Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia. International Standards Organisation ISO11466:1995(E) 1st edition.
35. Johnson, C.C., Ge, X., Green, K.A. and Liu, X., 1996.Studies of selenium distribution in soil, grain, drinking water and human hair samples from the Keshan Disease belt of Zhangjiakou District, Hebei Province, China. BGS Technical report WC/96/52, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK.
36. Lax, K. and Selinus, O., 2005. Geochemical mapping at the Geological Survey of Sweden. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 5, 337-346.
37. Li, X., Poon, C.S. and Liu, P.S., 2001. Concentration and chemical partitioning of road dusts and urban soils in Hong Kong. Applied Geochemistry, 16, 1361-1368.
38. Loredo, J., Ordonez, A., Charlesworth, S. and De Miguel, E., 2003. Influence of industry on the geochemical urban environment of Mieres (Spain) and associated health risk. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 25, 307-323.
39. Madrid, F., Reinoso, R., Florido, M.C. et al. 2007. Estimating the extractability of potentially toxic metals in urban soils: a comparison of several extracting solutions. Environmental Pollution, 147, 713-722.
40. Manta, D.S., Angelone, M., Bellanca, A. et al. 2002.Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy. The Science of the Total Environment, 300 (1-3), 229-243.
41. Mehlich, A., 1948. Determination of cation- and anion exchange properties of soils. Soil Science, 66, 429-445.
42. Mesilio, L., Farago, M.E. and Thornton I., 2003. Reconnaissance soil geochemical survey of Gibraltar. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 25, 1-8.
43. Montaser, A. and Golightly D.W. (eds), 1992. Inductively Coupled Plasmas in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2nd edition, VCH, New York.
44. Norra, S., Lanka-Panditha, M., Kramara, U. and Stübena, D., 2006.Mineralogical and geochemical patterns of urban surface soils, the example of Pforzheim, Germany. Applied Geochemistry, 21(12), 2064-2081.
45. Paustenbach, D.J., 2000. The practice of exposure assessment: a state-of-the-art review (reprinted from Principles and Methods of Toxicology, 4th edition, 2001). Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B - Critical Reviews, 3, 179-291.
46. Peltola, P. and Astrom, M., 2003. Urban geochemistry: a multimedia and multielement survey of a small town in northern Europe. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 25, 397-419.
47. Popp, M., Lied, M., Meyer, A.J. et al. 1996.Sample preservation for determination of organic compounds: microwave versus freeze drying. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47 (303), 1469-1473.
48. Quevauviller, P., Rauret, G., Rubio, R. et al. 1997. Certified reference materials for the quality control of EDTA- and acetic acid-extractable contents of trace elements in sewage sludge amended soils (CRMs 483 and 484). Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 357, 611-618.
49. Rauret, G., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Sahuquillo, A. et al. 1999. Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 1, 57-61.
50. Rawlins, B.G., Vane, C.H., Kim, A.W. et al. 2008. Methods for estimating types of soil organic carbon and their application to surveys of UK urban areas. Soil Use and Management, 24, 47-59.
51. Semple, K.T., Doick, K.J., Jones, K.C. et al. 2004.Defining bioavailability and bioaccessibility of contaminated soil and sediment is complicated. Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 228A-231A.
52. Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C. and Bisson, M., 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical Chemistry, 51, 844.
53. Thompson, M. and Walsh, J.N., 1983.A Handbook of Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry, 1st edition, Blackie and Son, Glasgow (ISBN 0-412-00371-6).
54. Tijhuis, L., Brattli, B. and Saether, O.M., 2002. A geochemical survey of topsoil in the city of Oslo, Norway. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 24, 67-94.
55. USEPA 1996. Method 3050B - Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils. http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/ sw846/online/3_series.htm (last access 1 February 2010).
56. USEPA 2001. Appendix to Method 1631 - Total Mercury in Tissue, Sludge, Sediment and Soil by Acid Digestion and BrCl Oxidation. http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/ 40001F6A.txt.
57. USEPA 2007. Method 3051A - Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils. http://www.epa.gov/ osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/online/3_series.htm (last access 1 February 2010).
58. USEPA 2007. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846). US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/sw846/ online/index.htm (last access 24 September 2010).
59. Wang, X.S., Qin, Y. and Sang, S.X., 2005.Accumulation and sources of heavy metals in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China. Environmental Geology, 48(1), 101-107.
60. Wragg, J. and Cave, M.R., 2003.In-vitro methods for the measurement of the oral bioaccessibility of selected metals and metalloids in soils: a critical review, Environment Agency, R&D Project Record P5-062/TR/01.
61. Wragg, J., Cave, M.R., Taylor, H. et al. 2009.Inter-laboratory trial of a unified bioaccessibility procedure, British Geological Survey, OR/07/027.
62. Zhang, C., 2006. Usingmultivariate analysis and GIS to identify pollutants and their spatial patterns in urban soils in Galway, Ireland. Environmental Pollution, 142, 501-511.