Impacts of a national strategy to reduce population salt intake in England: Serial cross sectional study

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Millett, Christopher ^a   Laverty, Anthony A ^a   Stylianou, Neophytos ^a   Bibbins Domingo, Kirsten ^b   Pape, Utz J ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; FOOD PROCESSING; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MALE; SALT INTAKE; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL CLASS; SODIUM BLOOD LEVEL; TREND STUDY; UNITED KINGDOM; URINALYSIS; COHORT ANALYSIS; DOWN REGULATION; EATING; EVALUATION; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; POPULATION; PUBLIC HEALTH;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AWARENESS; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DOWN-REGULATION; EATING; ENGLAND; FEMALE; HEALTH PLANNING GUIDELINES; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; POPULATION; PROGRAM EVALUATION; SODIUM CHLORIDE, DIETARY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84855379240     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029836     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Asaria P, Chisholm D, Mathers C, Ezzati M, Beaglehole R, (2007) Chronic disease prevention: health effects and financial costs of strategies to reduce salt intake and control tobacco use. The Lancet 370: 2044-2053.
2. Bibbins-Domingo K, Chertow GM, Coxson PG, Moran A, Lightwood JM, et al. (2010) Projected Effect of Dietary Salt Reductions on Future Cardiovascular Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 362: 590-599.
3. Smith-Spangler CM, Juusola JL, Enns EA, Owens DK, Garber AM, (2010) Population Strategies to Decrease Sodium Intake and the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease. Annals of Internal Medicine.
4. Joffres MR, Campbell NR, Manns B, Tu K, (2007) Estimate of the benefits of a population-based reduction in dietary sodium additives on hypertension and its related health care costs in Canada. The Canadian journal of cardiology 23: 437-443.
5. Mateo GF, O'Flaherty M, Lloyd-Williams F, Nnoaham K, Rayner M, et al. (2010) Estimating the UK cardiovascular mortality reduction expected with different food policy options. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 64: A26.
6. Nishida C, Uauy R, Kumanyika S, Shetty P, (2004) The Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: process, product and policy implications. Public Health Nutrition 7: 245-250.
7. He FJ, MacGregor GA, (2008) A comprehensive review on salt and health and current experience of worldwide salt reduction programmes. J Hum Hypertens 23: 363-384.
8. Food Standards Agency: Eat Well, Be Well. http://www.eatwell.gov.uk/healthydiet/fss/salt/ Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
9. Department of Health: Report of the Cardiovascular Review Group of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (1994) (1994).
10. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2003) Salt and Health http://www.sacn.gov.uk/pdfs/sacn_salt_final.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
11. Capewell S, Graham H, (2010) Will Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Widen Health Inequalities? PLoS Med 7: e1000320.
12. Frohlich KL, Potvin L, (2008) Transcending the Known in Public Health Practice: The Inequality Paradox: The Population Approach and Vulnerable Populations. Am J Public Health 98: 216-221.
13. Health Survey for England. Chapter 5 (2007) Adult diet and healthy eating. http://www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/HSE07/HSE%2007-Volume%201.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
14. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Vitamin and mineral intake and urinary analytes. Volume 3 (2003)http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/ndnsv3.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
15. Food Standards Agency - UK salt reduction initiatives. http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/saltreductioninitiatives.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
16. Vollmer WM, Sacks FM, Ard J, Appel LJ, Bray GA, et al. (2001) Effects of Diet and Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure: Subgroup Analysis of the DASH-Sodium Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 135: 1019-1028.
17. Erlinger TP, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Appel LJ, (2003) The potential impact of nonpharmacologic population-wide blood pressure reduction on coronary heart disease events: pronounced benefits in African-Americans and hypertensives. Preventive Medicine 37: 327-333.
18. Health Survey for England (2007) Volume 2 Methodology and Documentation. http://www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/HSE07/HSE%2007-Volume%202.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
19. Health Survey for England (2009) Volume 2: Methods and documentation. http://www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/003_Health_Lifestyles/hse09report/HSE_09_Volume2.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
20. Health Survey for England (2006) Latest Trends. http://www.ic.nhs.uk/pubs/hse06trends Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
21. National Centre for Social Research (2008) An assessment of dietary sodium levels among adults (aged 19-64) in the UK general population in 2008, based on analysis of dietary sodium in 24 hour urine samples. http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/08sodiumreport.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
22. Bennett S, (1995) Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Australia: Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (1979-) 49: 363-372.
23. World Health Organisation. Sodium intakes around the world. Background document prepared for the Forum and Technical meeting on Reducing Salt Intake in Populations. (2007) Authors Paul Elliott and Ian Brown. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/Elliot-brown-2007.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
24. The Federation of Bakers- Salt. http://www.bakersfederation.org.uk/currentissue.aspx?id=25 Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
25. Association of Cereal Food Manufacturers- News. http://www.breakfastcereal.org/news_slashsalt.html Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
26. Wyness LA, Butriss JL, Stanner SA, (2011) Reducing the population's sodium intake: the UK Food Standards Agency's salt reduction programme. Public Health Nutrition FirstView pp. 1-8.
27. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Headline results from Years 1 and 2 (combined) of the Rolling Programme http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_128542.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
28. National Centre for Social Research (2007) A survey of 24 hour and spot urinary sodium and potassium excretion in a representative sample of the Scottish population. http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/scotlandsodiumreport.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
29. Primatesta P, Poulter NR, (2006) Improvement in hypertension management in England: results from the Health Survey for England 2003. J Hypertens 24: 1187-1192.
30. Ashworth M, Medina J, Morgan M, (2008) Effect of social deprivation on blood pressure monitoring and control in England: a survey of data from the quality and outcomes framework. BMJ 337.
31. Falaschetti E, Chaudhury M, Mindell J, Poulter N, (2009) Continued Improvement in Hypertension Management in England. Hypertension 53: 480-486.
32. National Centre for Social Research: An assessment of dietary sodium levels among adults (aged 19-64) in the UK general population in 2008, based on analysis of dietary sodium in 24 hour urine samples.
33. Department of Health (2010) Healthy Lives, Healthy People. Our strategy for public health in England. http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/dh/en/ps/documents/digitalasset/dh_122347.pdf Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
34. Foods Standards Agency. Healthier eating. http://www.food.gov.uk/healthiereating/. Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.
35. Laatikainen T, Pietinen P, Valsta L, Sundvall J, Reinivuo H, et al. (2006) Sodium in the Finnish diet: 20-year trends in urinary sodium excretion among the adult population. Eur J Clin Nutr 60: 965-970.
36. Cappuccio FP, Capewell S, Lincoln P, McPherson K, (2011) Policy options to reduce population salt intake. BMJ 343.
37. World Health Organisation. Population sodium reduction strategies. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/reducingsalt/en/ Last accessed 12 Dec 2011.