메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 213-226

Evaluation of three animal models for concussion and serious brain injury

Author keywords

Animal models; Brain injury; Concussion; Head impact; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL MODEL; BRAIN INJURY; CONCUSSION; HEAD IMPACT; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES;

EID: 84855348313     PISSN: 00906964     EISSN: 15739686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0386-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 84943442523 scopus 로고
    • Surgery of experimental lesion on spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column
    • 10.1001/jama.1911.04260090100008
    • AR Allen 1911 Surgery of experimental lesion on spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column JAMA 57 878 880 10.1001/jama.1911.04260090100008
    • (1911) JAMA , vol.57 , pp. 878-880
    • Allen, A.R.1
  • 5
    • 77957188747 scopus 로고
    • Experimental cerebral concussion
    • 10.1093/brain/64.2-3.93
    • D Denny-Brown WR Russel 1941 Experimental cerebral concussion Brain 64 93 164 10.1093/brain/64.2-3.93
    • (1941) Brain , vol.64 , pp. 93-164
    • Denny-Brown, D.1    Russel, W.R.2
  • 6
    • 0010353684 scopus 로고
    • Brain trauma and concussion
    • 13721913 10.1001/archneur.1961.00450130003001 1:STN:280: DyaF3c%2FktFGjtw%3D%3D
    • D Denny-Brown 1961 Brain trauma and concussion Arch. Neurol. 5 1 3 13721913 10.1001/archneur.1961.00450130003001 1:STN:280:DyaF3c%2FktFGjtw%3D%3D
    • (1961) Arch. Neurol. , vol.5 , pp. 1-3
    • Denny-Brown, D.1
  • 7
    • 0026062640 scopus 로고
    • A controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury in the rat
    • 1787745 10.1016/0165-0270(91)90104-8 1:STN:280:DyaK387lslKnuw%3D%3D
    • CE Dixon GL Clifton JW Lighthall AA Yaghmai RL Hayes 1991 A controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury in the rat J. Neurosci. Methods 39 3 253 262 1787745 10.1016/0165-0270(91)90104-8 1:STN:280:DyaK387lslKnuw%3D%3D
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-262
    • Dixon, C.E.1    Clifton, G.L.2    Lighthall, J.W.3    Yaghmai, A.A.4    Hayes, R.L.5
  • 8
    • 0032956180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year study of spatial memory performance, brain morphology, and cholinergic markers after moderate controlled cortical impact in rats
    • CE Dixon PM Kochanek HQ Yan JK Schiding RG Griffith E Baum DW Marion ST DeKosky 1999 One-year study of spatial memory performance, brain morphology, and cholinergic markers after moderate controlled cortical impact in rats J. Neurotrauma 16 2 109 122 10098956 10.1089/neu.1999.16.109 1:STN:280: DyaK1M7ps1GqsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29113822)
    • (1999) Journal of Neurotrauma , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-122
    • Dixon, C.E.1    Kochanek, P.M.2    Yan, H.Q.3    Schiding, J.K.4    Griffith, R.G.5    Baum, E.6    Marion, D.W.7    DeKosky, S.T.8
  • 9
    • 0024212595 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic, histopathologic, and cineradiographic characterization of a new fluid-percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat
    • CE Dixon JW Lighthall TE Anderson 1988 Physiologic, histopathologic, and cineradiographic characterization of a new fluid-percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat J. Neurotrauma 5 91 104 3225860 10.1089/neu.1988.5.91 1:STN:280:DyaL1M7ktFOrsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 19060501)
    • (1988) Journal of Neurotrauma , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-104
    • Dixon, C.E.1    Lighthall, J.W.2    Anderson, T.E.3
  • 10
    • 0023256508 scopus 로고
    • A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat
    • CE Dixon BG Lyeth JT Povlishock RL Findling RJ Hamm A Marmarou HF Young RL Hayes 1987 A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat J. Neurosurg. 67 1 110 119 3598659 10.3171/jns.1987.67.1.0110 1:STN:280:DyaL2s3ltlensA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 17085024)
    • (1987) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 110-119
    • Dixon, C.E.1    Lyeth, B.G.2    Povlishock, J.T.3
  • 12
    • 0019421846 scopus 로고
    • Responses to cortical injury: I. Methodology and local effects of contusions in the rat
    • DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90067-6
    • DM Feeney MG Boyse RT Linn HM Murray WG Dail 1981 Response to cortical injury I. Methodology and local effects of contusion in the rat Brain Res. 211 67 77 7225844 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90067-6 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXhslahtbc%3D (Pubitemid 11147211)
    • (1981) Brain Research , vol.211 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-77
    • Feeney, D.M.1    Boyeson, M.G.2    Linn, R.T.3
  • 13
    • 0028085099 scopus 로고
    • A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part II: Morphological characterization
    • MA Foda A Marmarou 1994 A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part II: morphological characterization J. Neurosurg. 80 301 313 8283270 10.3171/jns.1994.80.2.0301 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7htV2jsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24036502)
    • (1994) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-313
    • Abd-Elfattah Foda, M.A.1    Marmarou, A.2
  • 14
    • 0025882392 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular changes in a rat model of moderate closed-head injury
    • 1870136 10.1089/neu.1991.8.129 1:STN:280:DyaK3Mzjt12hsQ%3D%3D
    • H Goldman V Hodgson M Morehead J Hazlett S Murphy 1991 Cerebrovascular changes in a rat model of moderate closed-head injury J. Neurotrauma 8 2 129 144 1870136 10.1089/neu.1991.8.129 1:STN:280:DyaK3Mzjt12hsQ%3D%3D
    • (1991) J. Neurotrauma , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-144
    • Goldman, H.1    Hodgson, V.2    Morehead, M.3    Hazlett, J.4    Murphy, S.5
  • 15
    • 0014313778 scopus 로고
    • Significance of relative movements of scalp, skull, and intracranial contents during impact injury of the head
    • Gurdjian, E. S., V. R. Hodgson, L. M. Thomas, and L. M. Patrick. Significance of relative movements of scalp, skull, and intracranial contents during impact injury of the head. J. Neurosurg. 29(1):70-72, 1968.
    • (1968) J. Neurosurg. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 70-72
    • Gurdjian, E.S.1    Hodgson, V.R.2    Thomas, L.M.3    Patrick, L.M.4
  • 16
    • 0013943392 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance curves of acceleration and intracranial pressure and protective index in experimental head injury
    • 5928630 10.1097/00005373-196609000-00005 1:STN:280:DyaF2s%2Fltl2qsQ%3D%3D
    • ES Gurdjian ES Gurdjian LM Thomas 1966 Tolerance curves of acceleration and intracranial pressure and protective index in experimental head injury J. Trauma. 6 5 600 604 5928630 10.1097/00005373-196609000-00005 1:STN:280:DyaF2s%2Fltl2qsQ%3D%3D
    • (1966) J. Trauma. , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 600-604
    • Gurdjian, E.S.1    Gurdjian, E.S.2    Thomas, L.M.3
  • 18
    • 0016797938 scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of the biomechanics of blunt impact injury of the head
    • 1093271 1:STN:280:DyaE2M7lvFynug%3D%3D Review
    • ES Gurdjian 1975 Re-evaluation of the biomechanics of blunt impact injury of the head Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 140 6 845 850 1093271 1:STN:280: DyaE2M7lvFynug%3D%3D Review
    • (1975) Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. , vol.140 , Issue.6 , pp. 845-850
    • Gurdjian, E.S.1
  • 19
    • 9044237994 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of acceleration and intracranial pressure in experimental head injury; Preliminary report
    • ES Gurgjian HR Lissner FR Latimer BF Haddad JE Webster 1953 Quantitative determination of acceleration and intracranial pressure in experimental head injury; preliminary report Neurology 3 6 417 423
    • (1953) Neurology , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 417-423
    • Gurgjian, E.S.1    Lissner, H.R.2    Latimer, F.R.3    Haddad, B.F.4    Webster, J.E.5
  • 21
    • 0035083911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new model for diffuse brain injury by rotational acceleration: I model, gross appearance and astrocytosis
    • 11284546 10.1089/08977150151070874 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvkslChtg%3D%3D
    • E Gutierrez Y Huang K Haglid B Feng H-A Hansson A Hamberger DC Viano 2001 A new model for diffuse brain injury by rotational acceleration: I model, gross appearance and astrocytosis J. Neurotrauma 18 3 247 259 11284546 10.1089/08977150151070874 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvkslChtg%3D%3D
    • (2001) J. Neurotrauma , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-259
    • Gutierrez, E.1    Huang, Y.2    Haglid, K.3    Feng, B.4    Hansson, H.-A.5    Hamberger, A.6    Viano, D.C.7
  • 22
    • 0021811144 scopus 로고
    • High-dose glucocorticoid treatment improves neurological recovery in head-injured mice
    • ED Hall 1985 High-dose glucocorticoid treatment improves neurological recovery in head-injured mice J. Neurosurg. 62 6 882 887 3998840 10.3171/jns.1985.62.6.0882 1:STN:280:DyaL2M3htVWisg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 15009416)
    • (1985) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 882-887
    • Hall, E.D.1
  • 24
    • 68049098120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concussion in professional football: Morphology of brain injuries in the NFL concussion model-part 16
    • 19487898 10.1227/01.NEU.0000316855.40986.2A
    • A Hamberger DC Viano A Säljö H Bolouri 2009 Concussion in professional football: morphology of brain injuries in the NFL concussion model-part 16 Neurosurgery 64 1174 1182 19487898 10.1227/01.NEU.0000316855. 40986.2A
    • (2009) Neurosurgery , vol.64 , pp. 1174-1182
    • Hamberger, A.1    Viano, D.C.2    Säljö, A.3    Bolouri, H.4
  • 25
    • 0037328364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of varying impact energy on diffuse axonal injury in the rat brain: A preliminary study
    • S Kallakuri JM Cavanaugh AC Ozaktay T Takebayashi 2003 The effect of varying impact energy on diffuse axonal injury in the rat brain: a preliminary study Exp. Brain Res. 148 419 424 12582825 (Pubitemid 36259452)
    • (2003) Experimental Brain Research , vol.148 , Issue.4 , pp. 419-424
    • Kallakuri, S.1    Cavanaugh, J.M.2    Ozaktay, A.C.3    Takebayashi, T.4
  • 27
    • 0033022845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and morphological outcome of mild cortical contusion trauma of the rat brain: Influence of NMDA-Receptor blockade
    • DOI 10.1007/s007010050286
    • A Lewen A Fredriksson GL Li Y Olsson L Hillered 1999 Behavioural and morphological outcome of mild cortical contusion trauma of the rat brain: influence of NMDA-receptor blockade Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 141 2 193 202 10.1007/s007010050286 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3gsFGjsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29099591)
    • (1999) Acta Neurochirurgica , vol.141 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-202
    • Lewen, A.1    Fredriksson, A.2    Li, G.L.3    Olsson, Y.4    Hillered, L.5    Lobato, R.D.6    Unterberg, A.7
  • 29
    • 0024341583 scopus 로고
    • Experimental models of brain injury
    • JW Lighthall CE Dixon TE Anderson 1989 Experimental models of brain injury J. Neurotrauma 6 2 83 97 2671392 10.1089/neu.1989.6.83 1:STN:280:DyaL1Mzmt1GjtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 19203457)
    • (1989) Journal of Neurotrauma , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-97
    • Lighthall, J.W.1    Dixon, C.E.2    Anderson, T.E.3
  • 30
    • 0024999298 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of axonal injury produced by controlled cortical impact
    • JW Lighthall HG Goshgarian CR Pinderski 1990 Characterization of axonal injury produced by controlled cortical impact J. Neurotrauma 7 2 65 76 2376865 10.1089/neu.1990.7.65 1:STN:280:DyaK3czjtFansQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 20300339)
    • (1990) Journal of Neurotrauma , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 65-76
    • Lighthall, J.W.1    Goshgarian, H.G.2    Pinderski, C.R.3
  • 31
    • 0023807637 scopus 로고
    • Controlled cortical impact: A new experimental brain injury model
    • 3193461 10.1089/neu.1988.5.1 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FlsFOqtA%3D%3D
    • JW Lighthall 1988 Controlled cortical impact: a new experimental brain injury model J. Neurotrauma 5 1 1 15 3193461 10.1089/neu.1988.5.1 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FlsFOqtA%3D%3D
    • (1988) J. Neurotrauma , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-15
    • Lighthall, J.W.1
  • 32
    • 0014103289 scopus 로고
    • Decompression in percussion concussion: Effects on "concussive response" in rabbits
    • 6026534 10.1097/00005373-196707000-00001 1:STN:280:DyaF2s7ms1Kqug%3D%3D
    • SO Lindgren L Rinder 1967 Decompression in percussion concussion: effects on "concussive response" in rabbits J. Trauma 7 4 493 499 6026534 10.1097/00005373-196707000-00001 1:STN:280:DyaF2s7ms1Kqug%3D%3D
    • (1967) J. Trauma , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 493-499
    • Lindgren, S.O.1    Rinder, L.2
  • 33
    • 0013988113 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies in head injury. II. Pressure propagation in "percussion concussion"
    • 5982794 10.1007/BF01191611 1:STN:280:DyaF1c%2FgvVyiug%3D%3D
    • SO Lindgren L Rinder 1966 Experimental studies in head injury. II. Pressure propagation in "percussion concussion" Biophysik 3 2 174 180 5982794 10.1007/BF01191611 1:STN:280:DyaF1c%2FgvVyiug%3D%3D
    • (1966) Biophysik , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 174-180
    • Lindgren, S.O.1    Rinder, L.2
  • 35
    • 0011135412 scopus 로고
    • Studies of cerebral circulation in brain injury. II. Cerebral concussion
    • JS Meyer D Denny-Brown 1955 Studies of cerebral circulation in brain injury. II. Cerebral concussion Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl. 7 4 529 544
    • (1955) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 529-544
    • Meyer, J.S.1    Denny-Brown, D.2
  • 36
    • 34548053930 scopus 로고
    • Studies of cerebral circulation in brain injury. I. Validity of combined local cerebral electropolarography, thermometry and steady potentials as an indicator of local circulatory and functional changes
    • JS Meyer D Denny-Brown 1955 Studies of cerebral circulation in brain injury. I. Validity of combined local cerebral electropolarography, thermometry and steady potentials as an indicator of local circulatory and functional changes Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl. 7 4 511 528
    • (1955) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 511-528
    • Meyer, J.S.1    Denny-Brown, D.2
  • 37
    • 0041830687 scopus 로고
    • Studies of cerebral circulation in brain injury. III. Cerebral contusion, laceration and brain stem injury
    • Meyer, J. S. Studies of cerebral circulation in brain injury. III. Cerebral contusion, laceration and brain stem injury. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl. 8(1):107-116, 1956.
    • (1956) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , Issue.1 SUPPL. 8 , pp. 107-116
    • Meyer, J.S.1
  • 38
    • 0021173996 scopus 로고
    • Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-0270(84)90007-4
    • Morris, R. Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. J. Neurosci. Methods 11(1):47-60, 1984. (Pubitemid 14088970)
    • (1984) Journal of Neuroscience Methods , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-60
    • Morris, R.1
  • 39
    • 0017640486 scopus 로고
    • Experimental head injury in the rat. III. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption after concussive impact acceleration
    • B Nilsson CH Nordstrom 1977 Experimental head injury in the rat. Part 3: cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption after concussive impact acceleration J. Neurosurg. 47 262 273 874549 10.3171/jns.1977.47.2.0262 1:STN:280: DyaE2s3gvFWhsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 8133090)
    • (1977) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 262-273
    • Nilsson, B.1    Nordstrom, C.H.2
  • 40
    • 0017734124 scopus 로고
    • Rate of cerebral energy consumption in concussive head injury in the rat
    • B Nilsson CH Nordstrom 1977 Rate of cerebral energy consumption in concussive head injury in the rat J. Neurosurg. 47 274 281 874550 10.3171/jns.1977.47.2.0274 1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXltFGrtrY%3D (Pubitemid 8133091)
    • (1977) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 274-281
    • Nilsson, B.1    Nordstrom, C.H.2
  • 41
    • 0017713162 scopus 로고
    • Experimental head injury in the rat. I. Mechanics, pathophysiology, and morphology in an impact acceleration trauma model
    • B Nilsson U Ponten G Voigt 1977 Experimental head injury in the rat. Part 1: mechanics, pathophysiology, and morphology in an impact acceleration trauma model J. Neurosurg. 47 241 251 874547 10.3171/jns.1977.47.2.0241 1:STN:280:DyaE2s3gvFWiuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 8133088)
    • (1977) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-251
    • Nilsson, B.1    Ponten, U.2    Voigt, G.3
  • 42
    • 0017520943 scopus 로고
    • Experimental head injury in the rat. II. Regional brain energy metabolism in concussive trauma
    • B Nilsson U Ponten 1977 Exerimental head injury in the rat. Part 2: regional brain energy metabolism in concussive trauma J. Neurosurg. 47 252 261 874548 10.3171/jns.1977.47.2.0252 1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXltFGrtrk%3D (Pubitemid 8133089)
    • (1977) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 252-261
    • Nilsson, B.1    Ponten, U.2
  • 46
    • 0017119555 scopus 로고
    • Fluid-percussion model of mechanical brain injury in the cat
    • 972336 1:STN:280:DyaE2s%2FgvVemug%3D%3D
    • HG Sullivan J Martinez DP Becker JD Miller R Griffith AO Wist 1976 Fluid-percussion model of mechanical brain injury in the cat J. Neurosurg. 45 5 521 534 972336 1:STN:280:DyaE2s%2FgvVemug%3D%3D
    • (1976) J. Neurosurg. , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 521-534
    • Sullivan, H.G.1    Martinez, J.2    Becker, D.P.3    Miller, J.D.4    Griffith, R.5    Wist, A.O.6
  • 47
    • 0020555471 scopus 로고
    • Acute responses to blunt head trauma. Experimental model and gross pathology
    • PA Tornheim BH Liwnicz CS Hirsch DL Brown RL McLaurin 1983 Acute responses to blunt head trauma. Experimental model and gross pathology J. Neurosurg. 59 3 431 438 6886756 10.3171/jns.1983.59.3.0431 1:STN:280: DyaL3s3ptlGiuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 13048137)
    • (1983) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 431-438
    • Tornheim, P.A.1    Liwnicz, B.H.2    Hirsch, C.S.3
  • 48
    • 0017239974 scopus 로고
    • The edema of cerebral contusion
    • 1257890 1:STN:280:DyaE287lsVClsw%3D%3D
    • PA Tornheim RL McLaurin JF Thorpe 1976 The edema of cerebral contusion Surg. Neurol. 5 3 171 175 1257890 1:STN:280:DyaE287lsVClsw%3D%3D
    • (1976) Surg. Neurol. , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 171-175
    • Tornheim, P.A.1    McLaurin, R.L.2    Thorpe, J.F.3
  • 49
    • 0019410880 scopus 로고
    • Acute changes in regional brain water content following experimental closed head injury
    • PA Tornheim RL McLaurin 1981 Acute changes in regional brain water content following experimental closed head injury J. Neurosurg. 55 3 407 413 7264732 10.3171/jns.1981.55.3.0407 1:STN:280:DyaL3M3ms1Cgug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 11062279)
    • (1981) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-413
    • Tornheim, P.A.1    McLaurin, R.L.2
  • 50
    • 68049111482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concussion in professional football: Animal model of brain injury-part 15
    • 19487897 10.1227/01.NEU.0000345863.99099.C7
    • DC Viano A Hamberger H Bolouri A Säljö 2009 Concussion in professional football: animal model of brain injury-part 15 Neurosurgery 64 1162 1173 19487897 10.1227/01.NEU.0000345863.99099.C7
    • (2009) Neurosurgery , vol.64 , pp. 1162-1173
    • Viano, D.C.1    Hamberger, A.2    Bolouri, H.3    Säljö, A.4
  • 51
    • 0023941102 scopus 로고
    • A viscous tolerance criterion for soft tissue injury assessment
    • Viano, D. C., and I. V. Lau. A viscous tolerance criterion for soft tissue injury assessment. J. Biomech. 21(5):387-399, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Biomech. , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 387-399
    • Viano, D.C.1    Lau, I.V.2
  • 52
    • 0002880944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of brain and spinal cord injury: Analysis of neurophysiological experiments
    • 10.1080/10286589908915739
    • DC Viano P Lovsund 1999 Biomechanics of brain and spinal cord injury: analysis of neurophysiological experiments Crash Prev. Inj. Control 1 1 35 43 10.1080/10286589908915739
    • (1999) Crash Prev. Inj. Control , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-43
    • Viano, D.C.1    Lovsund, P.2
  • 53
    • 0002437233 scopus 로고
    • The physiological basis of concussion
    • 10.3171/jns.1944.1.2.0103
    • AE Walker JJ Kollross TJ Case 1944 The physiological basis of concussion J. Neurosurg. 1 103 116 10.3171/jns.1944.1.2.0103
    • (1944) J. Neurosurg. , vol.1 , pp. 103-116
    • Walker, A.E.1    Kollross, J.J.2    Case, T.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.