메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 153, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-22

Morphometric indices of body condition in birds: A review

Author keywords

Birds; Body composition; Body size; Condition index; Energy reserves

Indexed keywords

BIRD; BODY CONDITION; BODY MASS; MORPHOMETRY; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; ORNITHOLOGY;

EID: 84855323653     PISSN: 21937192     EISSN: 21937206     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10336-011-0706-1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (320)

References (146)
  • 2
    • 0001567859 scopus 로고
    • Bioenergetics of breeding northern shovelers: diet, nutrient reserves, clutch size, and incubation
    • Ankney CD, Afton AD (1988) Bioenergetics of breeding northern shovelers: diet, nutrient reserves, clutch size, and incubation. Condor 90: 459-472.
    • (1988) Condor , vol.90 , pp. 459-472
    • Ankney, C.D.1    Afton, A.D.2
  • 3
    • 0002010484 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient-reserve dynamics and diet of breeding female gadwalls
    • Ankney RD, Alisauskas RT (1991) Nutrient-reserve dynamics and diet of breeding female gadwalls. Condor 93: 799-810.
    • (1991) Condor , vol.93 , pp. 799-810
    • Ankney, R.D.1    Alisauskas, R.T.2
  • 4
    • 67649827096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using plasma-lipid metabolites to index changes in lipid reserves of free-living lesser scaup (Aythya affinis)
    • Anteau MJ, Afton AD (2008) Using plasma-lipid metabolites to index changes in lipid reserves of free-living lesser scaup (Aythya affinis). Auk 125: 354-357.
    • (2008) Auk , vol.125 , pp. 354-357
    • Anteau, M.J.1    Afton, A.D.2
  • 5
    • 23444442548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Super size me: an experimental test of the factors affecting lipid content and the ability of residual body mass to predict lipid stores in nestling European starlings
    • Ardia DR (2005) Super size me: an experimental test of the factors affecting lipid content and the ability of residual body mass to predict lipid stores in nestling European starlings. Funct Ecol 19: 414-420.
    • (2005) Funct Ecol , vol.19 , pp. 414-420
    • Ardia, D.R.1
  • 6
    • 0032814129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between body composition, body size and alternative reproductive tactics in a lekking sandpiper, the ruff (Philomachus pugnax)
    • Bachman G, Widemo F (1999) Relationships between body composition, body size and alternative reproductive tactics in a lekking sandpiper, the ruff (Philomachus pugnax). Funct Ecol 13: 411-416.
    • (1999) Funct Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 411-416
    • Bachman, G.1    Widemo, F.2
  • 7
    • 0018511486 scopus 로고
    • Methods of estimating total lipid-content in the redhead duck (Aythya Americana) and an evaluation of condition indexes
    • Bailey RO (1979) Methods of estimating total lipid-content in the redhead duck (Aythya Americana) and an evaluation of condition indexes. Can J Zool 57: 1830-1833.
    • (1979) Can J Zool , vol.57 , pp. 1830-1833
    • Bailey, R.O.1
  • 8
    • 34247110988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of bioelectrical impedance analysis vs. condition indices in predicting body fat stores in North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum)
    • Barthelmess EL, Phillips ML, Schuckers ME (2006) The value of bioelectrical impedance analysis vs. condition indices in predicting body fat stores in North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum). Can J Zool 84: 1712-1720.
    • (2006) Can J Zool , vol.84 , pp. 1712-1720
    • Barthelmess, E.L.1    Phillips, M.L.2    Schuckers, M.E.3
  • 9
    • 0003075396 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient reserve dynamics of breeding canvasbacks
    • Barzen JA, Serie JR (1990) Nutrient reserve dynamics of breeding canvasbacks. Auk 107: 75-85.
    • (1990) Auk , vol.107 , pp. 75-85
    • Barzen, J.A.1    Serie, J.R.2
  • 11
    • 0041389488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do body condition and plumage during fuelling predict northwards departure dates of great knots Calidris tenuirostris from north-west Australia?
    • Battley PF, Piersma T, Rogers DI, Dekinga A, Spaans B, van Gils JA (2004) Do body condition and plumage during fuelling predict northwards departure dates of great knots Calidris tenuirostris from north-west Australia? Ibis 146: 46-60.
    • (2004) Ibis , vol.146 , pp. 46-60
    • Battley, P.F.1    Piersma, T.2    Rogers, D.I.3    Dekinga, A.4    Spaans, B.5    van Gils, J.A.6
  • 12
    • 0032794857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of body composition on the metabolic rate of nestling European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis)
    • Bech C, Ostnes JE (1999) Influence of body composition on the metabolic rate of nestling European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis). J Comp Physiol B 169: 263-270.
    • (1999) J Comp Physiol B , vol.169 , pp. 263-270
    • Bech, C.1    Ostnes, J.E.2
  • 13
    • 0027844322 scopus 로고
    • Survival rates of female mallards wintering in the Playa Lakes region
    • Bergan JF, Smith LM (1993) Survival rates of female mallards wintering in the Playa Lakes region. J Wildl Manag 57: 570-577.
    • (1993) J Wildl Manag , vol.57 , pp. 570-577
    • Bergan, J.F.1    Smith, L.M.2
  • 14
    • 51749102704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating lipid and lean body mass in small passerine birds using TOBEC, external morphology and subcutaneous fat-scoring
    • Bergstrom BJ, Sherry TW (2008) Estimating lipid and lean body mass in small passerine birds using TOBEC, external morphology and subcutaneous fat-scoring. J Avian Biol 39: 507-513.
    • (2008) J Avian Biol , vol.39 , pp. 507-513
    • Bergstrom, B.J.1    Sherry, T.W.2
  • 15
    • 0002282031 scopus 로고
    • The white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) of the Pacific seaboard: environment and annual cycle
    • Blanchard BD (1941) The white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) of the Pacific seaboard: environment and annual cycle. Univ Calif Publ Zool 46: 1-180.
    • (1941) Univ Calif Publ Zool , vol.46 , pp. 1-180
    • Blanchard, B.D.1
  • 16
    • 26444539956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body condition and clutch desertion in penduline tit Remiz pendulinus
    • Bleeker M, Kingma SA, Szentirmai I, Szekely T, Komdeur J (2005) Body condition and clutch desertion in penduline tit Remiz pendulinus. Behaviour 142: 1465-1478.
    • (2005) Behaviour , vol.142 , pp. 1465-1478
    • Bleeker, M.1    Kingma, S.A.2    Szentirmai, I.3    Szekely, T.4    Komdeur, J.5
  • 17
    • 0001628990 scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in mid-winter body composition of starlings
    • Blem CR (1981) Geographic variation in mid-winter body composition of starlings. Condor 83: 370-376.
    • (1981) Condor , vol.83 , pp. 370-376
    • Blem, C.R.1
  • 18
    • 0001287856 scopus 로고
    • Ratios in avian physiology
    • Blem CR (1984) Ratios in avian physiology. Auk 101: 153-155.
    • (1984) Auk , vol.101 , pp. 153-155
    • Blem, C.R.1
  • 19
    • 0002536045 scopus 로고
    • Avian energy stores
    • R. F. Johnston (Ed.), New York: Plenum
    • Blem CR (1990) Avian energy stores. In: Johnston RF (ed) Current ornithology, vol 7. Plenums, New York, pp 59-114.
    • (1990) Current Ornithology , vol.7 , pp. 59-114
    • Blem, C.R.1
  • 20
    • 0001459503 scopus 로고
    • Multiple-regression analyses of midwinter fattening of the white-throated sparrow
    • Blem CR, Shelor MH (1986) Multiple-regression analyses of midwinter fattening of the white-throated sparrow. Can J Zool 64: 2405-2411.
    • (1986) Can J Zool , vol.64 , pp. 2405-2411
    • Blem, C.R.1    Shelor, M.H.2
  • 21
    • 0036107688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of reproductive effort and success in birds: path analyses of long-term data from European ducks
    • Blums P, Clark RG, Mednis A (2002) Patterns of reproductive effort and success in birds: path analyses of long-term data from European ducks. J Anim Ecol 71: 280-295.
    • (2002) J Anim Ecol , vol.71 , pp. 280-295
    • Blums, P.1    Clark, R.G.2    Mednis, A.3
  • 22
    • 17844387621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds
    • Blums P, Nichols JD, Hines JE, Lindberg MS, Mednis A (2005) Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds. Oecologia 143: 365-376.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.143 , pp. 365-376
    • Blums, P.1    Nichols, J.D.2    Hines, J.E.3    Lindberg, M.S.4    Mednis, A.5
  • 24
    • 0036845225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in body composition of wintering mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): possible implications for survival and reproductive performance
    • Boos M, Zorn T, Le Maho Y, Groscolas R, Robin JP (2002) Sex differences in body composition of wintering mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): possible implications for survival and reproductive performance. Bird Study 49: 212-218.
    • (2002) Bird Study , vol.49 , pp. 212-218
    • Boos, M.1    Zorn, T.2    Le Maho, Y.3    Groscolas, R.4    Robin, J.P.5
  • 25
    • 0028317552 scopus 로고
    • The condition of Bewick's swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii in winter as assessed by their abdominal profiles
    • Bowler JM (1994) The condition of Bewick's swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii in winter as assessed by their abdominal profiles. Ardea 82: 241-248.
    • (1994) Ardea , vol.82 , pp. 241-248
    • Bowler, J.M.1
  • 26
    • 0024903073 scopus 로고
    • Morphological prediction of body condition in maned ducks
    • Briggs SV (1989) Morphological prediction of body condition in maned ducks. Aust Wildl Res 16: 605-609.
    • (1989) Aust Wildl Res , vol.16 , pp. 605-609
    • Briggs, S.V.1
  • 27
    • 0001599681 scopus 로고
    • The energetics of migration and reproduction of dusky Canada geese
    • Bromley RG, Jarvis RL (1993) The energetics of migration and reproduction of dusky Canada geese. Condor 95: 193-210.
    • (1993) Condor , vol.95 , pp. 193-210
    • Bromley, R.G.1    Jarvis, R.L.2
  • 28
    • 0002049042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing body condition in birds
    • Brown ME (1996) Assessing body condition in birds. Curr Ornithol 13: 67-135.
    • (1996) Curr Ornithol , vol.13 , pp. 67-135
    • Brown, M.E.1
  • 29
    • 33646547597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of sudden winter habitat loss on the body condition and survival of redshank Tringa totanus
    • Burton NHK, Rehfisch MM, Clark NA, Dodd SG (2006) Impacts of sudden winter habitat loss on the body condition and survival of redshank Tringa totanus. J Appl Ecol 43: 464-473.
    • (2006) J Appl Ecol , vol.43 , pp. 464-473
    • Burton, N.H.K.1    Rehfisch, M.M.2    Clark, N.A.3    Dodd, S.G.4
  • 30
    • 0036206913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body condition and brood abandonment in common eiders breeding in the high Arctic
    • Bustnes JO, Erikstad KE, Bjorn TH (2002) Body condition and brood abandonment in common eiders breeding in the high Arctic. Waterbirds 25: 63-66.
    • (2002) Waterbirds , vol.25 , pp. 63-66
    • Bustnes, J.O.1    Erikstad, K.E.2    Bjorn, T.H.3
  • 32
    • 0027384078 scopus 로고
    • Biphasic mass gain in migrant hummingbirds: body composition changes, torpor, and ecological significance
    • Carpenter FL, Hixon MA, Beuchat CA, Robert W, Russell RW, Paton DC (1993) Biphasic mass gain in migrant hummingbirds: body composition changes, torpor, and ecological significance. Ecology 74: 1173-1182.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Carpenter, F.L.1    Hixon, M.A.2    Beuchat, C.A.3    Robert, W.4    Russell, R.W.5    Paton, D.C.6
  • 33
    • 0003112370 scopus 로고
    • Validity of predictive equations for total-body fat in sanderlings from different nonbreeding areas
    • Castro G, Myers JP (1990) Validity of predictive equations for total-body fat in sanderlings from different nonbreeding areas. Condor 92: 205-209.
    • (1990) Condor , vol.92 , pp. 205-209
    • Castro, G.1    Myers, J.P.2
  • 34
    • 0000473520 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of winter body composition of resident and migrant grey-breasted silvereyes
    • Chan K (1995) Comparative study of winter body composition of resident and migrant grey-breasted silvereyes. Auk 112: 421-428.
    • (1995) Auk , vol.112 , pp. 421-428
    • Chan, K.1
  • 35
    • 0006404172 scopus 로고
    • Estimating reserve lipids in greater scaup (Aythya marila) and lesser scaup (A. affinis)
    • Chappell WA, Titman RD (1983) Estimating reserve lipids in greater scaup (Aythya marila) and lesser scaup (A. affinis). Can J Zool 61: 35-38.
    • (1983) Can J Zool , vol.61 , pp. 35-38
    • Chappell, W.A.1    Titman, R.D.2
  • 36
    • 0031756347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunocompetence and nestling survival in the house martin: the tasty chick hypothesis
    • Christe P, Moller AP, de Lope F (1998) Immunocompetence and nestling survival in the house martin: the tasty chick hypothesis. Oikos 83: 175-179.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.83 , pp. 175-179
    • Christe, P.1    Moller, A.P.2    de Lope, F.3
  • 37
    • 0033780934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Producing extra eggs does not deplete macronutrient reserves in European starlings Sturnus vulgaris
    • Christians JK (2000) Producing extra eggs does not deplete macronutrient reserves in European starlings Sturnus vulgaris. J Avian Biol 31: 312-318.
    • (2000) J Avian Biol , vol.31 , pp. 312-318
    • Christians, J.K.1
  • 38
    • 0001697964 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of lipid indexes of the Wood-Thrush
    • Conway CJ, Eddleman WR, Simpson KL (1994) Evaluation of lipid indexes of the wood-thrush. Condor 96: 783-790.
    • (1994) Condor , vol.96 , pp. 783-790
    • Conway, C.J.1    Eddleman, W.R.2    Simpson, K.L.3
  • 39
    • 34249798156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MF magnitude does not affect body condition, pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants in Eurasian kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) nestlings
    • Costantini D, Casagrande S, Dell'Omo G (2007) MF magnitude does not affect body condition, pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants in Eurasian kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) nestlings. Environ Res 104: 361-366.
    • (2007) Environ Res , vol.104 , pp. 361-366
    • Costantini, D.1    Casagrande, S.2    Dell'Omo, G.3
  • 40
    • 0032220302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of capture and handling on survival of female northern pintails
    • Cox RR, Afton AD (1998) Effects of capture and handling on survival of female northern pintails. J Field Ornithol 69: 276-287.
    • (1998) J Field Ornithol , vol.69 , pp. 276-287
    • Cox, R.R.1    Afton, A.D.2
  • 41
    • 0025004369 scopus 로고
    • Avian basal metabolic rates: their association with body composition and energy expenditure in nature
    • Daan S, Masman D, Groenewold A (1990) Avian basal metabolic rates: their association with body composition and energy expenditure in nature. Am J Physiol 259: R333-R340.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259
    • Daan, S.1    Masman, D.2    Groenewold, A.3
  • 43
    • 0035535860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of noninvasive techniques for estimating total body fat in sharp-shinned and Cooper's hawks
    • DeLong JP, Gessaman JA (2001) A comparison of noninvasive techniques for estimating total body fat in sharp-shinned and Cooper's hawks. J Field Ornithol 72: 349-364.
    • (2001) J Field Ornithol , vol.72 , pp. 349-364
    • Delong, J.P.1    Gessaman, J.A.2
  • 44
    • 1642546650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Condition indices for wintering American wigeon
    • DeVault TL, Rhodes OE, Smith LM (2003) Condition indices for wintering American wigeon. Wildl Soc Bull 31: 1132-1137.
    • (2003) Wildl Soc Bull , vol.31 , pp. 1132-1137
    • Devault, T.L.1    Rhodes, O.E.2    Smith, L.M.3
  • 45
    • 0042129986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of body condition on local apparent survival of spring migrant sanderlings in coastal North Carolina
    • Dinsmore SJ, Collazo JA (2003) The influence of body condition on local apparent survival of spring migrant sanderlings in coastal North Carolina. Condor 105: 465-473.
    • (2003) Condor , vol.105 , pp. 465-473
    • Dinsmore, S.J.1    Collazo, J.A.2
  • 46
    • 3042608262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of carcass fat and protein in northern pintails (Anas acuta) during spring migration
    • Dombrowski P, Bourgeois JC, Couture R, Linard C (2003) Estimation of carcass fat and protein in northern pintails (Anas acuta) during spring migration. J Wildl Dis 39: 620-626.
    • (2003) J Wildl Dis , vol.39 , pp. 620-626
    • Dombrowski, P.1    Bourgeois, J.C.2    Couture, R.3    Linard, C.4
  • 47
    • 0031833713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging proficiency and body condition of juvenile American dippers
    • Donnelly RE, Sullivan KA (1998) Foraging proficiency and body condition of juvenile American dippers. Condor 100: 385-388.
    • (1998) Condor , vol.100 , pp. 385-388
    • Donnelly, R.E.1    Sullivan, K.A.2
  • 48
    • 0026345554 scopus 로고
    • A test of the condition-bias hypothesis using brown-headed cowbirds trapped during the breeding-season
    • Dufour KW, Weatherhead PJ (1991) A test of the condition-bias hypothesis using brown-headed cowbirds trapped during the breeding-season. Can J Zool 69: 2686-2692.
    • (1991) Can J Zool , vol.69 , pp. 2686-2692
    • Dufour, K.W.1    Weatherhead, P.J.2
  • 49
    • 46449102711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the deuterium dilution method to estimate body composition in the barnacle goose: accuracy and minimum equilibration time
    • Eichhorn G, Visser HK (2008) Evaluation of the deuterium dilution method to estimate body composition in the barnacle goose: accuracy and minimum equilibration time. Physiol Biochem Zool 81: 508-518.
    • (2008) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.81 , pp. 508-518
    • Eichhorn, G.1    Visser, H.K.2
  • 50
    • 0037554876 scopus 로고
    • Within-brood variation in growth and condition in relation to brood reduction in the American white pelican
    • Evans RM, McMahon BF (1987) Within-brood variation in growth and condition in relation to brood reduction in the American white pelican. Wilson Bull 99: 190-201.
    • (1987) Wilson Bull , vol.99 , pp. 190-201
    • Evans, R.M.1    McMahon, B.F.2
  • 51
    • 23744434151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are abdominal profiles useful to assess body condition of spring staging greater snow geese?
    • Feret M, Bety J, Gauthier G, Giroux JF, Picard G (2005) Are abdominal profiles useful to assess body condition of spring staging greater snow geese? Condor 107: 694-702.
    • (2005) Condor , vol.107 , pp. 694-702
    • Feret, M.1    Bety, J.2    Gauthier, G.3    Giroux, J.F.4    Picard, G.5
  • 52
    • 0036105246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the misuse of residuals in ecology: regression of residuals vs. multiple regression
    • Freckleton RP (2002) On the misuse of residuals in ecology: regression of residuals vs. multiple regression. J Anim Ecol 71: 542-545.
    • (2002) J Anim Ecol , vol.71 , pp. 542-545
    • Freckleton, R.P.1
  • 54
    • 0034923269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the misuse of residuals in ecology: testing regression residuals vs. the analysis of covariance
    • Garcia-Berthou E (2001) On the misuse of residuals in ecology: testing regression residuals vs. the analysis of covariance. J Anim Ecol 70: 708-711.
    • (2001) J Anim Ecol , vol.70 , pp. 708-711
    • Garcia-Berthou, E.1
  • 55
    • 0008534218 scopus 로고
    • Fat reserves and condition indexes in greater snow geese
    • Gauthier G, Bedard J (1985) Fat reserves and condition indexes in greater snow geese. Can J Zool 63: 331-333.
    • (1985) Can J Zool , vol.63 , pp. 331-333
    • Gauthier, G.1    Bedard, J.2
  • 56
    • 0032872424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raising young reduces body condition and fat stores in black-legged kittiwakes
    • Golet GH, Irons DB (1999) Raising young reduces body condition and fat stores in black-legged kittiwakes. Oecologia 120: 530-538.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.120 , pp. 530-538
    • Golet, G.H.1    Irons, D.B.2
  • 57
    • 0034973312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass/length residuals: measures of body condition or generators of spurious results?
    • Green AJ (2001) Mass/length residuals: measures of body condition or generators of spurious results? Ecology 82: 1473-1483.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 1473-1483
    • Green, A.J.1
  • 58
    • 0001590496 scopus 로고
    • The use of tritiated-water to determine protein and lipid utilization in fasting birds-a validation-study in incubating great-winged petrels, Pterodroma macroptera
    • Groscolas R, Schreiber L, Morin F (1991) The use of tritiated-water to determine protein and lipid utilization in fasting birds-a validation-study in incubating great-winged petrels, Pterodroma macroptera. Physiol Zool 64: 1217-1233.
    • (1991) Physiol Zool , vol.64 , pp. 1217-1233
    • Groscolas, R.1    Schreiber, L.2    Morin, F.3
  • 59
    • 0001817649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric indicators of body condition: worthwhile or wishful thinking?
    • J. R. Spearman (Ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hayes JP, Shonkwiler JS (2001) Morphometric indicators of body condition: worthwhile or wishful thinking? In: Spearman JR (ed) Body composition analysis of animals: a handbook of non-destructive methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 8-38.
    • (2001) Body Composition Analysis of Animals: A Handbook of Non-Destructive Methods , pp. 8-38
    • Hayes, J.P.1    Shonkwiler, J.S.2
  • 60
    • 0001846545 scopus 로고
    • Winter and migratory weight and fat field studies on some North American buntings
    • Helms CW, Drury WH Jr (1960) Winter and migratory weight and fat field studies on some North American buntings. Bird Banding 31: 1-40.
    • (1960) Bird Banding , vol.31 , pp. 1-40
    • Helms, C.W.1    Drury Jr., W.H.2
  • 61
    • 1142300985 scopus 로고
    • A biometric study of major body components of the slate-colored junco, Junco hyemalis
    • Helms CW, Aussiker WH, Bower EB, Fretwell SD (1967) A biometric study of major body components of the slate-colored junco, Junco hyemalis. Condor 69: 560-578.
    • (1967) Condor , vol.69 , pp. 560-578
    • Helms, C.W.1    Aussiker, W.H.2    Bower, E.B.3    Fretwell, S.D.4
  • 62
    • 0004616687 scopus 로고
    • Body-composition of wintering canvasbacks in Louisiana-dominance and survival implications
    • Hohman WL (1993) Body-composition of wintering canvasbacks in Louisiana-dominance and survival implications. Condor 95: 377-387.
    • (1993) Condor , vol.95 , pp. 377-387
    • Hohman, W.L.1
  • 63
    • 2342536149 scopus 로고
    • Indices of fat and protein for ring-necked ducks
    • Hohman WL, Taylor TS (1986) Indices of fat and protein for ring-necked ducks. J Wildl Manag 50: 209-211.
    • (1986) J Wildl Manag , vol.50 , pp. 209-211
    • Hohman, W.L.1    Taylor, T.S.2
  • 64
    • 0345309900 scopus 로고
    • Estimating lipid-content of sandhill cranes from anatomical measurements
    • Iverson GC, Vohs PA (1982) Estimating lipid-content of sandhill cranes from anatomical measurements. J Wildl Manag 46: 478-483.
    • (1982) J Wildl Manag , vol.46 , pp. 478-483
    • Iverson, G.C.1    Vohs, P.A.2
  • 65
    • 0030302140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating fitness: a comparison of body condition indices
    • Jakob EM, Marshall SD, Uetz GW (1996) Estimating fitness: a comparison of body condition indices. Oikos 77: 61-67.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.77 , pp. 61-67
    • Jakob, E.M.1    Marshall, S.D.2    Uetz, G.W.3
  • 66
    • 33745816667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of methods used to estimate carcass composition of common eiders Somateria mollissima
    • Jamieson SE, Gilchrist HG, Merkel FR, Falk K, Diamond AW (2006) An evaluation of methods used to estimate carcass composition of common eiders Somateria mollissima. Wildl Biol 12: 219-226.
    • (2006) Wildl Biol , vol.12 , pp. 219-226
    • Jamieson, S.E.1    Gilchrist, H.G.2    Merkel, F.R.3    Falk, K.4    Diamond, A.W.5
  • 67
    • 0345003723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fallacy of ratios and the testability of models in biology
    • Jasienski M, Bazzaz FA (1999) The fallacy of ratios and the testability of models in biology. Oikos 84: 321-326.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.84 , pp. 321-326
    • Jasienski, M.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 68
    • 0030874086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclical changes in body composition in the annual cycle and migration in the eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis
    • Jehl JR Jr (1997) Cyclical changes in body composition in the annual cycle and migration in the eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis. J Avian Biol 28: 132-142.
    • (1997) J Avian Biol , vol.28 , pp. 132-142
    • Jehl Jr., J.R.1
  • 69
    • 0023529405 scopus 로고
    • Body weight and energy reserves of bramblings in winter
    • Jenni L, Jenni-Eierman S (1987) Body weight and energy reserves of bramblings in winter. Ardea 75: 271-284.
    • (1987) Ardea , vol.75 , pp. 271-284
    • Jenni, L.1    Jenni-Eierman, S.2
  • 70
    • 0034040893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of protein breakdown and adrenocortical response to stress in birds during migratory flight
    • Jenni L, Jenni-Eiermann S, Spina F, Schwabl H (2000) Regulation of protein breakdown and adrenocortical response to stress in birds during migratory flight. Am J Physiol 278: R1182-R1189.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol , vol.278
    • Jenni, L.1    Jenni-Eiermann, S.2    Spina, F.3    Schwabl, H.4
  • 72
    • 33748530402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing habitat quality for a migratory songbird wintering in natural and agricultural habitats
    • Johnson MD, Sherry TW, Holmes RT, Marra PP (2006) Assessing habitat quality for a migratory songbird wintering in natural and agricultural habitats. Conserv Biol 20: 1433-1444.
    • (2006) Conserv Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1433-1444
    • Johnson, M.D.1    Sherry, T.W.2    Holmes, R.T.3    Marra, P.P.4
  • 73
    • 0026592772 scopus 로고
    • Fat deposition and theoretical flight range of small autumn migrants in southern Germany
    • Kaiser A (1992) Fat deposition and theoretical flight range of small autumn migrants in southern Germany. Bird Study 39: 96-110.
    • (1992) Bird Study , vol.39 , pp. 96-110
    • Kaiser, A.1
  • 74
    • 21144475453 scopus 로고
    • A new multi-category classification of subcutaneous fat deposits of songbirds
    • Kaiser A (1993) A new multi-category classification of subcutaneous fat deposits of songbirds. J Field Ornithol 64: 246-255.
    • (1993) J Field Ornithol , vol.64 , pp. 246-255
    • Kaiser, A.1
  • 75
    • 0032760860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating fitness: comparison of body condition indices revisited
    • Kotiaho JS (1999) Estimating fitness: comparison of body condition indices revisited. Oikos 87: 399-400.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.87 , pp. 399-400
    • Kotiaho, J.S.1
  • 76
    • 0001624694 scopus 로고
    • Fat scoring-sources of variability
    • Krementz DG, Pendleton GW (1990) Fat scoring-sources of variability. Condor 92: 500-507.
    • (1990) Condor , vol.92 , pp. 500-507
    • Krementz, D.G.1    Pendleton, G.W.2
  • 77
    • 0032143492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis
    • Lanctot RB, Weatherhead PJ, Kempenaers B, Scribner KT (1998) Male traits, mating tactics and reproductive success in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis. Anim Behav 56: 49-432.
    • (1998) Anim Behav , vol.56 , pp. 49-432
    • Lanctot, R.B.1    Weatherhead, P.J.2    Kempenaers, B.3    Scribner, K.T.4
  • 78
    • 0038402474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic size changes of internal organs and muscle tissue in the bar-tailed godwit during fat storage on a spring stop over site
    • Landys-Ciannelli MM, Piersma T, Jukema J (2003) Strategic size changes of internal organs and muscle tissue in the bar-tailed godwit during fat storage on a spring stop over site. Funct Ecol 17: 151-159.
    • (2003) Funct Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 151-159
    • Landys-Ciannelli, M.M.1    Piersma, T.2    Jukema, J.3
  • 79
    • 0029987397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass and carcass composition of fall migrant oldsquaws
    • Leafloor JO, Thompson JE, Ankney CD (1996) Body mass and carcass composition of fall migrant oldsquaws. Wilson Bull 108: 567-572.
    • (1996) Wilson Bull , vol.108 , pp. 567-572
    • Leafloor, J.O.1    Thompson, J.E.2    Ankney, C.D.3
  • 80
    • 0034032981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian pectoral muscle size rapidly tracks body mass changes during flight, fasting and fuelling
    • Lindstrom A, Kvist A, Piersma T, Dekinga A, Dietz MW (2000) Avian pectoral muscle size rapidly tracks body mass changes during flight, fasting and fuelling. J Exp Biol 203: 913-919.
    • (2000) J Exp Biol , vol.203 , pp. 913-919
    • Lindstrom, A.1    Kvist, A.2    Piersma, T.3    Dekinga, A.4    Dietz, M.W.5
  • 81
    • 0029104766 scopus 로고
    • A test of an assumption of delayed plumage maturation hypotheses using female tree swallows
    • Lozano GA, Handford PT (1995) A test of an assumption of delayed plumage maturation hypotheses using female tree swallows. Wilson Bull 107: 153-164.
    • (1995) Wilson Bull , vol.107 , pp. 153-164
    • Lozano, G.A.1    Handford, P.T.2
  • 82
    • 0009834015 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between some body components and visible fat index in the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus (L.)
    • Lundgren B, Hedenstrom A, Pettersson J (1995) Correlation between some body components and visible fat index in the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus (L.). Ornis Svec 5: 75-79.
    • (1995) Ornis Svec , vol.5 , pp. 75-79
    • Lundgren, B.1    Hedenstrom, A.2    Pettersson, J.3
  • 83
    • 33645102030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing body condition and energy budget components by scoring abdominal profiles in free-ranging pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus
    • Madsen J, Klaassen M (2006) Assessing body condition and energy budget components by scoring abdominal profiles in free-ranging pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus. J Avian Biol 37: 283-287.
    • (2006) J Avian Biol , vol.37 , pp. 283-287
    • Madsen, J.1    Klaassen, M.2
  • 84
    • 34249017172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do embedded shotgun pellets have a chronic effect on body condition of pink-footed geese?
    • Madsen J, Riget F (2007) Do embedded shotgun pellets have a chronic effect on body condition of pink-footed geese? J Wildl Manag 71: 1427-1430.
    • (2007) J Wildl Manag , vol.71 , pp. 1427-1430
    • Madsen, J.1    Riget, F.2
  • 85
    • 0001553247 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient-reserve dynamics and control of clutch size in northern pintails breeding in Alaska
    • Mann FE, Sedinger JS (1993) Nutrient-reserve dynamics and control of clutch size in northern pintails breeding in Alaska. Auk 110: 264-278.
    • (1993) Auk , vol.110 , pp. 264-278
    • Mann, F.E.1    Sedinger, J.S.2
  • 86
    • 0032760521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-estimating fitness: can scaling issues confound condition indices?
    • Marshall SD, Jakob EM, Uetz GW (1999) Re-estimating fitness: can scaling issues confound condition indices? Oikos 87: 401-402.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.87 , pp. 401-402
    • Marshall, S.D.1    Jakob, E.M.2    Uetz, G.W.3
  • 87
    • 0030303544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New findings in body mass regulation in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) in response to photoperiod and temperature
    • Meijer T, Rozman J, Schulte M, StachDreesmann C (1996) New findings in body mass regulation in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) in response to photoperiod and temperature. J Zool 240: 717-734.
    • (1996) J Zool , vol.240 , pp. 717-734
    • Meijer, T.1    Rozman, J.2    Schulte, M.3    Stachdreesmann, C.4
  • 88
    • 0028995379 scopus 로고
    • Offspring number and quality in the blue tit: a quantitative genetic approach
    • Merila J, Wiggins DA (1995) Offspring number and quality in the blue tit: a quantitative genetic approach. J Zool 237: 615-623.
    • (1995) J Zool , vol.237 , pp. 615-623
    • Merila, J.1    Wiggins, D.A.2
  • 89
    • 0343635098 scopus 로고
    • Estimating carcass fat and protein in northern pintails during the nonbreeding season
    • Miller MR (1989) Estimating carcass fat and protein in northern pintails during the nonbreeding season. J Wildl Manag 53: 123-129.
    • (1989) J Wildl Manag , vol.53 , pp. 123-129
    • Miller, M.R.1
  • 90
    • 0037281738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fat reserves on annual apparent survival of blackbirds Turdus merula
    • Miller MW, Aradis A, Landucci G (2003) Effects of fat reserves on annual apparent survival of blackbirds Turdus merula. J Anim Ecol 72: 127-132.
    • (2003) J Anim Ecol , vol.72 , pp. 127-132
    • Miller, M.W.1    Aradis, A.2    Landucci, G.3
  • 91
    • 0038138027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival rate of adult barn swallows Hirundo rustica in relation to sexual selection and reproduction
    • Moller AP, Szep T (2002) Survival rate of adult barn swallows Hirundo rustica in relation to sexual selection and reproduction. Ecology 83: 2220-2228.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 2220-2228
    • Moller, A.P.1    Szep, T.2
  • 92
    • 84855304069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between abdominal profile index and body condition of greater white-fronted geese Anser albifrons
    • Moriguchi S, Amano T, Ushiyama K, Fujita G, Higuchi H (2006) The relationship between abdominal profile index and body condition of greater white-fronted geese Anser albifrons. Ornithol Sci 5: 193-198.
    • (2006) Ornithol Sci , vol.5 , pp. 193-198
    • Moriguchi, S.1    Amano, T.2    Ushiyama, K.3    Fujita, G.4    Higuchi, H.5
  • 93
    • 0004735753 scopus 로고
    • Indices of structural size and condition of Canada geese
    • Moser TJ, Rusch DH (1988) Indices of structural size and condition of Canada geese. J Wildl Manag 52: 202-208.
    • (1988) J Wildl Manag , vol.52 , pp. 202-208
    • Moser, T.J.1    Rusch, D.H.2
  • 94
    • 62549089140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spring migration dynamics and sex-specific patterns in stopover strategy in the wood sandpiper Tringa glareola
    • Muraoka Y, Schulze CH, Pavlicev M, Wichmann G (2009) Spring migration dynamics and sex-specific patterns in stopover strategy in the wood sandpiper Tringa glareola. J Ornithol 150: 313-319.
    • (2009) J Ornithol , vol.150 , pp. 313-319
    • Muraoka, Y.1    Schulze, C.H.2    Pavlicev, M.3    Wichmann, G.4
  • 95
    • 0027528068 scopus 로고
    • Body condition of a small passerine bird-ultrasonic assessment and significance in overwinter survival
    • Newton SF (1993) Body condition of a small passerine bird-ultrasonic assessment and significance in overwinter survival. J Zool 229: 561-580.
    • (1993) J Zool , vol.229 , pp. 561-580
    • Newton, S.F.1
  • 96
    • 0000789678 scopus 로고
    • Abdominal profile-a condition index for wild geese in the field
    • Owen M (1981) Abdominal profile-a condition index for wild geese in the field. J Wildl Manag 45: 227-230.
    • (1981) J Wildl Manag , vol.45 , pp. 227-230
    • Owen, M.1
  • 97
    • 0342330018 scopus 로고
    • Methods of predicting fat reserves in the coot
    • Perdeck AC (1985) Methods of predicting fat reserves in the coot. Ardea 73: 139-146.
    • (1985) Ardea , vol.73 , pp. 139-146
    • Perdeck, A.C.1
  • 98
    • 18644377082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spring body condition, moult status, diet and behaviour of white-faced whistling ducks (Dendrocygna viduata) in northern South Africa
    • Petrie SA (2005) Spring body condition, moult status, diet and behaviour of white-faced whistling ducks (Dendrocygna viduata) in northern South Africa. Afr Zool 40: 83-92.
    • (2005) Afr Zool , vol.40 , pp. 83-92
    • Petrie, S.A.1
  • 99
    • 0031809429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability of breeding parameters in arctic skuas
    • Phillips RA, Furness RW (1998) Repeatability of breeding parameters in arctic skuas. J Avian Biol 29: 190-196.
    • (1998) J Avian Biol , vol.29 , pp. 190-196
    • Phillips, R.A.1    Furness, R.W.2
  • 100
    • 0001548668 scopus 로고
    • Estimating energy reserves of great crested grebes Podicepscristatus on the basis of body dimensions
    • Piersma T (1984) Estimating energy reserves of great crested grebes Podicepscristatus on the basis of body dimensions. Ardea 72: 119-126.
    • (1984) Ardea , vol.72 , pp. 119-126
    • Piersma, T.1
  • 101
    • 0013339961 scopus 로고
    • Body size, nutrient reserves and diet of red-necked and slavonian grebes Podiceps grisegena and P. auritus on Lake Usselmeer, The Netherlands
    • Piersma T (1988) Body size, nutrient reserves and diet of red-necked and slavonian grebes Podiceps grisegena and P. auritus on Lake Usselmeer, The Netherlands. Bird Study 35: 13-24.
    • (1988) Bird Study , vol.35 , pp. 13-24
    • Piersma, T.1
  • 102
    • 0001610976 scopus 로고
    • Confusions of mass and size
    • Piersma T, Davidson NC (1991) Confusions of mass and size. Auk 108: 441-443.
    • (1991) Auk , vol.108 , pp. 441-443
    • Piersma, T.1    Davidson, N.C.2
  • 103
    • 53149127331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast in adaptive mass gains: Eurasian golden plovers store fat before midwinter and protein before prebreeding flight
    • Piersma T, Jukema J (2002) Contrast in adaptive mass gains: Eurasian golden plovers store fat before midwinter and protein before prebreeding flight. Proc R Soc Lond B 269: 1101-1105.
    • (2002) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.269 , pp. 1101-1105
    • Piersma, T.1    Jukema, J.2
  • 104
    • 0025685794 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of fat reserves in coastal waders before their departure from Northwest Africa in spring
    • Piersma T, van Brederode NE (1990) The estimation of fat reserves in coastal waders before their departure from Northwest Africa in spring. Ardea 78: 221-236.
    • (1990) Ardea , vol.78 , pp. 221-236
    • Piersma, T.1    van Brederode, N.E.2
  • 105
    • 0032831344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid changes in the size of different functional organ and muscle groups during refueling in a long-distance migrating shorebird
    • Piersma T, Gudmundsson GA, Lilliendahl K (1999) Rapid changes in the size of different functional organ and muscle groups during refueling in a long-distance migrating shorebird. Physiol Biochem Zool 72: 405-415.
    • (1999) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.72 , pp. 405-415
    • Piersma, T.1    Gudmundsson, G.A.2    Lilliendahl, K.3
  • 106
    • 33748460823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Condition indices and bioelectrical impedance analysis to predict body condition of small carnivores
    • Pitt JA, Lariviere S, Messier F (2006) Condition indices and bioelectrical impedance analysis to predict body condition of small carnivores. J Mamm 87: 717-722.
    • (2006) J Mamm , vol.87 , pp. 717-722
    • Pitt, J.A.1    Lariviere, S.2    Messier, F.3
  • 107
    • 0031874704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the onset of incubation in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca): fitness consequences and constraints
    • Potti J (1998) Variation in the onset of incubation in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca): fitness consequences and constraints. J Zool 245: 335-344.
    • (1998) J Zool , vol.245 , pp. 335-344
    • Potti, J.1
  • 108
    • 0000573842 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal carcass composition and energy balance of female black ducks in Maine
    • Reinecke KJ, Stone TL, Owen RB Jr (1982) Seasonal carcass composition and energy balance of female black ducks in Maine. Condor 84: 420-426.
    • (1982) Condor , vol.84 , pp. 420-426
    • Reinecke, K.J.1    Stone, T.L.2    Owen Jr., R.B.3
  • 109
    • 0000272583 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of overall body size in birds
    • Rising JD, Somers KM (1989) The measurement of overall body size in birds. Auk 106: 666-674.
    • (1989) Auk , vol.106 , pp. 666-674
    • Rising, J.D.1    Somers, K.M.2
  • 110
    • 22744439124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of body condition on the timing and success of breeding in little penguins Eudyptula minor
    • Robinson S, Chiaradia A, Hindell MA (2005) The effect of body condition on the timing and success of breeding in little penguins Eudyptula minor. Ibis 147: 483-489.
    • (2005) Ibis , vol.147 , pp. 483-489
    • Robinson, S.1    Chiaradia, A.2    Hindell, M.A.3
  • 111
    • 0023480955 scopus 로고
    • Predation risk and fasting capacity-do wintering birds maintain optimal body-mass
    • Rogers CM (1987) Predation risk and fasting capacity-do wintering birds maintain optimal body-mass. Ecology 68: 1051-1061.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1051-1061
    • Rogers, C.M.1
  • 112
    • 0000784520 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the method of estimating body-fat in birds by quantifying visible subcutaneous fat
    • Rogers CM (1991) An evaluation of the method of estimating body-fat in birds by quantifying visible subcutaneous fat. J Field Ornithol 62: 349-356.
    • (1991) J Field Ornithol , vol.62 , pp. 349-356
    • Rogers, C.M.1
  • 113
    • 0038235989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New and continuing issues with using visible fat classes to estimate fat stores of birds
    • Rogers CM (2003) New and continuing issues with using visible fat classes to estimate fat stores of birds. J Avian Biol 34: 129-133.
    • (2003) J Avian Biol , vol.34 , pp. 129-133
    • Rogers, C.M.1
  • 114
    • 0027532820 scopus 로고
    • Life-history theory in the nonbreeding period-trade-offs in avian fat reserves
    • Rogers CM, Smith JNM (1993) Life-history theory in the nonbreeding period-trade-offs in avian fat reserves. Ecology 74: 419-426.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 419-426
    • Rogers, C.M.1    Smith, J.N.M.2
  • 115
    • 58249130089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition
    • Schamber JL, Esler D, Flint PL (2009) Evaluating the validity of using unverified indices of body condition. J Avian Biol 40: 49-56.
    • (2009) J Avian Biol , vol.40 , pp. 49-56
    • Schamber, J.L.1    Esler, D.2    Flint, P.L.3
  • 116
    • 13444257584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restitution of mass-size residuals: validating body condition indices
    • Schulte-Hostedde AI, Zinner B, Millar JS, Hickling GJ (2005) Restitution of mass-size residuals: validating body condition indices. Ecology 86: 155-163.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 155-163
    • Schulte-Hostedde, A.I.1    Zinner, B.2    Millar, J.S.3    Hickling, G.J.4
  • 117
    • 0036327404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein loss during long-distance migratory flight in passerine birds: adaptation and constraint
    • Schwilch R, Grattarola A, Spina F, Jenni J (2002) Protein loss during long-distance migratory flight in passerine birds: adaptation and constraint. J Exp Biol 205: 687-695.
    • (2002) J Exp Biol , vol.205 , pp. 687-695
    • Schwilch, R.1    Grattarola, A.2    Spina, F.3    Jenni, J.4
  • 118
    • 40249101878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of condition indices and predictive models for noninvasive estimates of lipid mass of migrating common yellowthroats, ovenbirds, and Swainson's thrushes
    • Seewagen CL (2008) An evaluation of condition indices and predictive models for noninvasive estimates of lipid mass of migrating common yellowthroats, ovenbirds, and Swainson's thrushes. J Field Ornithol 79: 80-86.
    • (2008) J Field Ornithol , vol.79 , pp. 80-86
    • Seewagen, C.L.1
  • 119
    • 0031719543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and morphological correlates of variation in the extent of postjuvenile moult in the siskin Carduelis spinus
    • Senar JC, Copete JL, Martin AJ (1997) Behavioural and morphological correlates of variation in the extent of postjuvenile moult in the siskin Carduelis spinus. Ibis 140: 661-669.
    • (1997) Ibis , vol.140 , pp. 661-669
    • Senar, J.C.1    Copete, J.L.2    Martin, A.J.3
  • 120
    • 0027137307 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of lipids and lean mass of migrating sandpipers
    • Skagen SK, Knopf FL, Cade BS (1993) Estimation of lipids and lean mass of migrating sandpipers. Condor 95: 944-956.
    • (1993) Condor , vol.95 , pp. 944-956
    • Skagen, S.K.1    Knopf, F.L.2    Cade, B.S.3
  • 121
    • 3042640997 scopus 로고
    • Condition models for wintering northern pintails in the southern high plains
    • Smith LM, Sheeley DG, Wester DB (1992) Condition models for wintering northern pintails in the southern high plains. Gt Basin Nat 52: 226-231.
    • (1992) Gt Basin Nat , vol.52 , pp. 226-231
    • Smith, L.M.1    Sheeley, D.G.2    Wester, D.B.3
  • 123
    • 0028842999 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of condition indexes in migratory passerines at a stopover site in coastal Louisiana
    • Spengler TJ, Leberg PL, Barrow WC (1995) Comparison of condition indexes in migratory passerines at a stopover site in coastal Louisiana. Condor 97: 438-444.
    • (1995) Condor , vol.97 , pp. 438-444
    • Spengler, T.J.1    Leberg, P.L.2    Barrow, W.C.3
  • 124
    • 17144413811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio of Parus major and P. caeruleus broods depends on parental condition and habitat quality
    • Stauss M, Segelbacher G, Tomiuk J, Bachmann L (2005) Sex ratio of Parus major and P. caeruleus broods depends on parental condition and habitat quality. Oikos 109: 367-373.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.109 , pp. 367-373
    • Stauss, M.1    Segelbacher, G.2    Tomiuk, J.3    Bachmann, L.4
  • 125
    • 0033022955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in migratory timing and energetic condition among sex/age classes in migrant ruby-crowned kinglets
    • Swanson DL, Liknes ET, Dean KL (1999) Differences in migratory timing and energetic condition among sex/age classes in migrant ruby-crowned kinglets. Wilson Bull 111: 61-69.
    • (1999) Wilson Bull , vol.111 , pp. 61-69
    • Swanson, D.L.1    Liknes, E.T.2    Dean, K.L.3
  • 126
    • 0029805563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional implications of molt in male canvasbacks: variation in nutrient reserves and digestive tract morphology
    • Thompson JE, Drobney RD (1996) Nutritional implications of molt in male canvasbacks: variation in nutrient reserves and digestive tract morphology. Condor 98: 512-526.
    • (1996) Condor , vol.98 , pp. 512-526
    • Thompson, J.E.1    Drobney, R.D.2
  • 127
    • 23444458148 scopus 로고
    • Body-mass and lipid-content at nest-leaving of European starlings in New Zealand
    • Thompson CF, Flux JEC (1988) Body-mass and lipid-content at nest-leaving of European starlings in New Zealand. Ornis Scand 19: 1-6.
    • (1988) Ornis Scand , vol.19 , pp. 1-6
    • Thompson, C.F.1    Flux, J.E.C.2
  • 128
    • 0034057042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fixed energetic ceiling to parental effort in the great tit?
    • Tinbergen JM, Verhulst S (2000) A fixed energetic ceiling to parental effort in the great tit? J Anim Ecol 69: 323-334.
    • (2000) J Anim Ecol , vol.69 , pp. 323-334
    • Tinbergen, J.M.1    Verhulst, S.2
  • 129
    • 0032856208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of fasting on blood and plasma composition of herring gulls (Larus argentatus)
    • Totzke U, Fenske M, Huppop O, Raabe H, Schach N (1999) The influence of fasting on blood and plasma composition of herring gulls (Larus argentatus). Physiol Bioch Zool 72: 426-437.
    • (1999) Physiol Bioch Zool , vol.72 , pp. 426-437
    • Totzke, U.1    Fenske, M.2    Huppop, O.3    Raabe, H.4    Schach, N.5
  • 130
    • 34547697901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of body condition and weather on departures of first-year European robins, Erithacus rubecula, from an autumn migratory stopover site
    • Tsvey A, Bulyuk VN, Kosarev V (2007) Influence of body condition and weather on departures of first-year European robins, Erithacus rubecula, from an autumn migratory stopover site. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 61: 1665-1674.
    • (2007) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.61 , pp. 1665-1674
    • Tsvey, A.1    Bulyuk, V.N.2    Kosarev, V.3
  • 131
    • 1642512541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ratio variables in regression analysis can give rise to spurious results: illustration from two studies in period ontology
    • Tu YK, Clerehugh V, Gilthorpe MS (2004) Ratio variables in regression analysis can give rise to spurious results: illustration from two studies in period ontology. J Dent 32: 143-151.
    • (2004) J Dent , vol.32 , pp. 143-151
    • Tu, Y.K.1    Clerehugh, V.2    Gilthorpe, M.S.3
  • 132
    • 0031671041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of food provisioning in the antarctic petrel; the importance of parental body condition and chick body mass
    • Tveraa T, Saether B-E, Aanes R, Erikstad KE (1998) Regulation of food provisioning in the antarctic petrel; the importance of parental body condition and chick body mass. J Anim Ecol 67: 699-704.
    • (1998) J Anim Ecol , vol.67 , pp. 699-704
    • Tveraa, T.1    Saether, B.-E.2    Aanes, R.3    Erikstad, K.E.4
  • 133
    • 0028154416 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically inspired regression models for estimating and predicting nutrient stores and their composition in birds
    • van der Meer J, Piersma T (1994) Physiologically inspired regression models for estimating and predicting nutrient stores and their composition in birds. Physiol Zool 67: 305-329.
    • (1994) Physiol Zool , vol.67 , pp. 305-329
    • van der Meer, J.1    Piersma, T.2
  • 134
    • 0031927082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spring stopover ecology of migrant western sandpipers
    • Warnock N, Bishop MA (1998) Spring stopover ecology of migrant western sandpipers. Condor 100: 456-467.
    • (1998) Condor , vol.100 , pp. 456-467
    • Warnock, N.1    Bishop, M.A.2
  • 135
    • 0029663749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement versus estimation of condition in snakes
    • Weatherhead PJ, Brown GP (1996) Measurement versus estimation of condition in snakes. Can J Zool 74: 1617-1621.
    • (1996) Can J Zool , vol.74 , pp. 1617-1621
    • Weatherhead, P.J.1    Brown, G.P.2
  • 136
    • 0032543585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding ecology of short-tailed shearwaters: breeding in Tasmania and foraging in the Antarctic?
    • Weimerskirch H, Cherel Y (1998) Feeding ecology of short-tailed shearwaters: breeding in Tasmania and foraging in the Antarctic? Mar Ecol Prog Ser 167: 261-274.
    • (1998) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.167 , pp. 261-274
    • Weimerskirch, H.1    Cherel, Y.2
  • 137
    • 0032897509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of parental quality and effort on the reproduction of common terns
    • Wendeln H, Becker PH (1999) Effects of parental quality and effort on the reproduction of common terns. J Anim Ecol 68: 205-214.
    • (1999) J Anim Ecol , vol.68 , pp. 205-214
    • Wendeln, H.1    Becker, P.H.2
  • 138
    • 0006438617 scopus 로고
    • Variation in winter fat depots and condition indexes of mallards
    • Whyte RJ, Bolen EG (1984) Variation in winter fat depots and condition indexes of mallards. J Wildl Manag 48: 1370-1373.
    • (1984) J Wildl Manag , vol.48 , pp. 1370-1373
    • Whyte, R.J.1    Bolen, E.G.2
  • 139
    • 0022872415 scopus 로고
    • Winter condition of mallards on the Southern High Plains of Texas
    • Whyte RJ, Baldassarre GA, Bolen EG (1986) Winter condition of mallards on the Southern High Plains of Texas. J Wildl Manag 50: 52-57.
    • (1986) J Wildl Manag , vol.50 , pp. 52-57
    • Whyte, R.J.1    Baldassarre, G.A.2    Bolen, E.G.3
  • 140
    • 0032212870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs and benefits of nest cover for ptarmigan: changes within and between years
    • Wiebe LK, Martin K (1998) Costs and benefits of nest cover for ptarmigan: changes within and between years. Anim Behav 56: 1137-1144.
    • (1998) Anim Behav , vol.56 , pp. 1137-1144
    • Wiebe, L.K.1    Martin, K.2
  • 141
    • 0032055305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The onset of incubation in birds: can females control hatching patterns?
    • Wiebe LK, Wiehn J, Korpimaki E (1998) The onset of incubation in birds: can females control hatching patterns? Anim Behav 55: 1043-1052.
    • (1998) Anim Behav , vol.55 , pp. 1043-1052
    • Wiebe, L.K.1    Wiehn, J.2    Korpimaki, E.3
  • 142
    • 21844487292 scopus 로고
    • Scoring abdominal profiles to characterize migratory cohorts of shorebirds: an example with red knots
    • Wiersma P, Piersma T (1995) Scoring abdominal profiles to characterize migratory cohorts of shorebirds: an example with red knots. J Field Ornithol 66: 88-98.
    • (1995) J Field Ornithol , vol.66 , pp. 88-98
    • Wiersma, P.1    Piersma, T.2
  • 143
    • 0004767607 scopus 로고
    • Indices of structural size and condition of American wigeon (Anas americana)
    • Wishart RA (1979) Indices of structural size and condition of American wigeon (Anas americana). Can J Zool 57: 2369-2374.
    • (1979) Can J Zool , vol.57 , pp. 2369-2374
    • Wishart, R.A.1
  • 144
    • 0242308279 scopus 로고
    • Omental fat-condition index for redbilled teal
    • Woodall PF (1978) Omental fat-condition index for redbilled teal. J Wildl Manag 42: 188-190.
    • (1978) J Wildl Manag , vol.42 , pp. 188-190
    • Woodall, P.F.1
  • 145
    • 42149146729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotopes (delta D, delta C-13, delta N-15) reveal associations among geographic location and condition of Alaskan northern pintails
    • Yerkes T, Hobson KA, Wassenaar LI, Macleod R, Coluccy JM (2008) Stable isotopes (delta D, delta C-13, delta N-15) reveal associations among geographic location and condition of Alaskan northern pintails. J Wildl Manag 72: 715-725.
    • (2008) J Wildl Manag , vol.72 , pp. 715-725
    • Yerkes, T.1    Hobson, K.A.2    Wassenaar, L.I.3    Macleod, R.4    Coluccy, J.M.5
  • 146
    • 28444498371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body condition as a determinant for stopover in bee-eaters (Merops apiaster) on spring migration in the Arava Valley, southern Israel
    • Yosef R, Markovets M, Mitchell L, Tryjanowski P (2006) Body condition as a determinant for stopover in bee-eaters (Merops apiaster) on spring migration in the Arava Valley, southern Israel. J Arid Environ 64: 401-411.
    • (2006) J Arid Environ , vol.64 , pp. 401-411
    • Yosef, R.1    Markovets, M.2    Mitchell, L.3    Tryjanowski, P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.