Amblyopia prevalence and risk factors in Australian preschool children

Ophthalmology

Volumn 119, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 138-144

  Pai, Amy Shih I ^a   Rose, Kathryn A ^a   Leone, Jody F ^a   Sharbini, Sharimawati ^a   Burlutsky, George ^a   Varma, Rohit ^b   Wong, Tien Yin ^c,d   Mitchell, Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^d NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATROPINE;

AMBLYOPIA; ANISOMETROPIA; ARTICLE; ASTIGMATISM; AUSTRALIA; BILATERAL AMBLYOPIA; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERMETROPIA; INFANT; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATERNAL SMOKING; MYOPIA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POPULATION BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY; PREMATURE LABOR; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL STATUS; SPECTACLES; STRABISMUS; UNILATERAL AMBLYOPIA; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS;

AMBLYOPIA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; NEW SOUTH WALES; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRES; REFRACTION, OCULAR; REFRACTIVE ERRORS; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL CLASS; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 84855321352     PISSN: 01616420     EISSN: 15494713     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.024     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Carlton J, Karnon J, Czoski-Murray C, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening programmes for amblyopia and strabismus in children up to the age of 4-5 years: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2008;12:iii, xi-194.
2. Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study (MEPEDS) Group. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in African-American and Hispanic preschool children: the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology 2009;116:1990-2000.
3. Robaei D, Huynh SC, Kifley A, Mitchell P. Correctable and non-correctable visual impairment in a population-based sample of 12-year-old Australian children. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;142:112-8.
4. Robaei D, Rose K, Ojaimi E, et al. Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in a population-based sample of 6-year old Australian children. Ophthalmology 2005;112:1275-82. (Pubitemid 40916937)
5. Attebo K, Mitchell P, Cumming R, et al. Prevalence and causes of amblyopia in an adult population. Ophthalmology 1998;105:154-9. (Pubitemid 28070615)
6. Wang JJ, Foran S, Mitchell P. Age-specific prevalence and causes of bilateral and unilateral visual impairment in older Australians: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2000;28:268-73.
7. Wang Y, Liang Y, Sun LP, et al. Prevalence and causes of amblyopia in a rural adult population of Chinese: the Handan Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2011;118:279-83.
8. Robaei D, Rose KA, Ojaimi E, et al. Causes and associations of amblyopia in a population-based sample of 6-year old Australian children. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:878-84. (Pubitemid 43877682)
9. Robaei D, Kifley A, Rose KA, Mitchell P. Impact of amblyopia on vision at age 12 years: findings from a population-based study. Eye (Lond) 2008;22:496-502. (Pubitemid 351560412)
10. Friedman DS, Repka MX, Katz J, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months: the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology 2009;116:2128-34.
11. Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in African American and Hispanic children ages 6 to 72 months: the Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1229-36.
12. Chia A, Dirani M, Chan YH, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in young Singaporean Chinese children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:3411-7.
13. Preslan MW, Novak A. Baltimore Vision Screening Project: phase 2. Ophthalmology 1998;105:150-3. (Pubitemid 28070614)
14. Matsuo T, Matsuo C. The prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia in Japanese elementary school children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2005;12:31-6. (Pubitemid 41702833)
15. Matsuo T, Matsuo C, Matsuoka H, Kio K. Detection of strabismus and amblyopia in 1.5- and 3-year-old children by a preschool vision-screening program in Japan. Acta Med Okayama 2007;61:9-16. (Pubitemid 46423111)
16. Matsuo T, Matsuo C. Comparison of prevalence rates of strabismus and amblyopia in Japanese elementary school children between the years 2003 and 2005. Acta Med Okayama 2007;61:329-34. (Pubitemid 351287797)
17. Chang CH, Tsai RK, Sheu MM. Screening amblyopia of preschool children with uncorrected vision and stereopsis tests in Eastern Taiwan. Eye (Lond) 2007;21:1482-8.
18. Lim HT, Yu YS, Park SH, et al. The Seoul Metropolitan Preschool Vision Screening Programme: results from South Korea. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:929-33. (Pubitemid 38869557)
19. van Leeuwen R, Eijkemans MJ, Vingerling JR, et al. Risk of bilateral visual impairment in individuals with amblyopia: the Rotterdam study. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1450-1. (Pubitemid 350044043)
20. Rahi J, Logan S, Timms C, et al. Risk, causes, and outcomes of visual impairment after loss of vision in the non-amblyopic eye: a population-based study. Lancet 2002;360:597-602. (Pubitemid 35232193)
21. Tommila V, Tarkkanen A. Incidence of loss of vision in the healthy eye in amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 1981;65:575-7. (Pubitemid 11029550)
22. Moke PS, Turpin AH, Beck RW, et al. Computerized method of visual acuity testing: adaptation of the Amblyopia Treatment Study visual acuity testing protocol. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:903-9. (Pubitemid 33122171)
23. Robaei D, Rose KA, Kifley A, et al. Factors associated with childhood strabismus: findings from a population-based study. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1146-53. (Pubitemid 43947233)
24. Ip JM, Robaei D, Kifley A, et al. Prevalence of hyperopia and associations with eye findings in 6- and 12-year-olds. Ophthalmology 2008;115:678-85.
25. Dirani M, Chan YH, Gazzard G, et al. Prevalence of refractive error in Singaporean Chinese children: the Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Refractive Error in Young Singaporean Children (STARS) Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:1348-55.
26. Saw SM, Goh PP, Cheng A, et al. Ethnicity-specific prevalence rates of refractive errors vary in Asian children in neighbouring Malaysia and Singapore. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90:1230-5. (Pubitemid 44621480)
27. Ip JM, Huynh SC, Robaei D, et al. Ethnic differences in the impact of parental myopia: findings from a population-based study of 12-year-old Australian children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:2520-8. (Pubitemid 351261200)
28. Colburn JD, Morrison DG, Estes RL, et al. Longitudinal follow-up of hypermetropic children identified during preschool vision screening. J AAPOS 2010;14:211-5.
29. Kuo A, Sinatra RB, Donahue SP. Distribution of refractive error in healthy infants. J AAPOS 2003;7:174-7. (Pubitemid 36962708)
30. Mayer DL, Hansen RM, Moore BD, et al. Cycloplegic refractions in healthy children aged 1 through 48 months. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1625-8. (Pubitemid 33035703)
31. Chia A, Roy L, Seenyen L. Comitant horizontal strabismus: an Asian perspective. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1337-40. (Pubitemid 47492869)
32. Kleinstein RN, Jones LA, Hullett S, et al. Refractive error and ethnicity in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1141-7. (Pubitemid 36962168)
33. Daw NW. Critical periods and amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:502-5. (Pubitemid 28169752)
34. Stewart CE, Fielder AR, Stephens DA, Moseley MJ. Treatment of unilateral amblyopia: factors influencing visual outcome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:3152-60. (Pubitemid 44264300)
35. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of prescribed patching regimens for treatment of severe amblyopia in children. Ophthalmology 2003;110:2075-87.
36. Flynn JT, Woodruff G, Thompson JR, et al. The therapy of amblyopia: an analysis comparing the results of amblyopia therapy utilizing two pooled data sets. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1999;97:373-90.
37. Williams C, Northstone K, Harrad RA, et al. Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening before or at age 3 years: follow up from randomised trial. BMJ 2002;324:1549.
38. Williams C, Northstone K, Harrad RA, et al. Amblyopia treatment outcomes after preschool screening v school entry screening: observational data from a prospective cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:988-93. (Pubitemid 36936298)
39. Clarke MP, Wright CM, Hrisos S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of treatment of unilateral visual impairment detected at preschool vision screening. BMJ 2003;327:1251.
40. Robaei D, Kifley A, Gole GA, Mitchell P. The impact of modest prematurity on visual function at age 6 years: findings from a population-based study. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:871-7. (Pubitemid 43877681)
41. Gallo JE, Lennerstrand G. A population-based study of ocular abnormalities in premature children aged 5 to 10 years. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;111:539-47.
42. Kushner BJ. Strabismus and amblyopia associated with regressed retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:256-61. (Pubitemid 12162231)
43. Holmstrom M, el Azazi M, Kugelberg U. Ophthalmological long-term follow up of preterm infants: a population based, prospective study of the refraction and its development. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:1265-71. (Pubitemid 28524119)
44. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity: natural history ROP: ocular outcome at 5(1/2) years in premature infants with birth weights less than 1251 g. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:595-9.
45. Keith CG, Kitchen WH. The significance of ocular morbidity in very-low-birthweight infants to the Australian health service. Aust J Ophthalmol 1983;11:29-31. (Pubitemid 13065028)
46. Pennefather PM, Clarke MP, Strong NP, et al. Ocular outcome in children born before 32 weeks gestation. Eye (Lond) 1995;9(suppl):26-30. (Pubitemid 26018176)
47. Ricci B. Refractive errors and ocular motility disorders in preterm babies with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmologica 1999;213:295-9. (Pubitemid 29469869)