Seismic anisotropy and deformation patterns in upper mantle xenoliths from the central Carpathian-Pannonian region: Asthenospheric flow as a driving force for Cenozoic extension and extrusion?

Tectonophysics

Volumn 514-517, Issue , 2012, Pages 168-179

  Kovacs I ^a,b   Falus, Gy ^a,b   Stuart, G ^c,d   Hidas, K ^b,e   Szabó, Cs ^b   Flower, M F J ^f   Hegedus, E ^a   Posgay, K ^a   Zilahi Sebess, L ^a  

^a GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INSTITUTE OF HUNGARY   (Hungary)

^b EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^d CSIC and UGR ^*

^e INSTITUTO ANDALUZ DE CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Asthenospheric flow; Carpathian Pannonian region; Mantle xenoliths; Orogen; Seismic anisotropy

Indexed keywords

ASTHENOSPHERIC FLOW; CARPATHIAN-PANNONIAN REGION; MANTLE XENOLITHS; OROGEN; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY;

ANISOTROPY; DEFORMATION; EXTRUSION; GEODYNAMICS; SEISMOLOGY; TECTONICS;

SHEAR FLOW;

ALPINE OROGENY; ASTHENOSPHERE; BACKARC BASIN; CENOZOIC; DEFORMATION; EXTENSION; EXTRUSION; GEODYNAMICS; MICROPLATE; S-WAVE; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; SEISMIC DATA; TERTIARY; UPPER MANTLE; XENOLITH;

CARPATHIANS; PANNONIAN BASIN;

EID: 84855316575     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.10.022     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Armijo R., Tapponnier P., Han T. Late Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip faulting in southern Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research 1989, 94:2787-2838.
2. Artemieva I.M. The continental lithosphere: reconciling thermal, seismic, and petrologic data. Lithos 2009, 109:23-46.
3. Avé Lallemant H.G., Carter N.L. High temperature flow of dunite and peridotite. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 1970, 81:2181-2202.
4. Bada G., Horváth F., Cloetingh S., Coblentz D.D., Tóth T. Role of topography induced gravitational stresses in basin inversion: the case study of the Pannonian basin. Tectonics 2006, 20:343-363.
5. Bada G., Horváth F., Dövényi P., Szafián P., Windhoffer G., Cloetingh S. Present-day stress field and tectonic inversion in the Pannonian basin. Global and Planetary Change 2007, 58:165-180.
6. Bali E., Falus G., Szabó C., Peate D.W., Hidas K., Török K., Ntaflos T. Remnants of boninitic melts in the upper mantle beneath the central Pannonian Basin?. Mineralogy and Petrology 2007, 90:51-72.
7. Bali E., Zajacz Z., Kovács I., Szabó C., Halter W., Vaselli O., Török K., Bodnar R.J. A quartz-bearing orthopyroxene-rich websterite xenolith from the Pannonian Basin, Western Hungary: evidence for release of quartz-saturated melts from a subducted slab. Journal of Petrology 2008, 49:421-439.
8. Balla Z. The Carpathian loop and the Pannonian basin: kinematic analysis. Geophysical Transactions 1984, 30:313-353.
9. Balogh K.A., Árva-Sós E., Pécskay Z., Ravasz-Baranyai L. K/Ar dating of post-Sarmatian alkali basaltic rocks in Hungary. Acta Minerologica and Petrographica 1986, 28:75-93.
10. Bada G., Horváth F., Cloetingh S., Coblentz D.D., Tóth T. Role of topography induced gravitational stresses in basin inversion: the case study of the Pannonian basin. Tectonics 2006, 20:343-363.
11. Bada G., Horváth F., Dövényi P., Szafián P., Windhoffer G., Cloetingh S. Present-day stress field and tectonic inversion in the Pannonian basin. Global and Planetary Change 2007, 58:165-180.
12. Blackman D.K., Wenk H.R., Kendall J.M. Seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle 1. Factors that affect mineral texture and effective elastic properties. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2002, 3. 10.1029/2001GC000248.
13. Brey G.P., Köhler T. Geothermobarometry in four phase lherzolites 2. New thermobarometers, and practical assessment of existing thermobarometers. Journal of Petrology 1990, 31:1353-1378.
14. Caporali A., Aichhorn C., Barlik M., Becker M., Fejes I., Gerhatova L., Ghitau D., Grenerczy G., Hefty J., Krauss S., Medak D., Milev G., Mojzes M., Mulic M., Nardo A., Pesec P., Rus T., Simek J., Sledzinski J., Solaric M., Stangl G., Stopar B., Vespe F., Virag G. Surface kinematics in the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaric and Balkan region inferred from a new multi-network GPS combination solution. Tectonophysics 2009, 474:295-321.
15. Channell J.E.T., Kozur H.W. How many oceans? Meliata, Vardar, and Pindos oceans in Mesozoic Alpine paleogeography. Geology 1997, 25:183-186.
16. Christensen N.I., Medaris L.G., Wang H.F., Jelínek E. Depth variation of seismic anisotropy and petrology in central European lithosphere. A tectonothermal synthesis from spinel lherzolite. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:645-664.
17. Csontos L. Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Intra-Carpathian area: a review. Acta Vulcanologica 1995, 7:1-13.
18. Csontos L., Nagymarosy A. The mid-Hungarian line: a zone of repeated tectonic inversions. Tectonophysics 1998, 297:51-71.
19. Csontos L., Márton E., Wórum G., Benkovics L. Geodynamics of SW Pannonian inselbergs Mecsek and Villány Mts., SW Hungary: inferences from a complex structural analysis. EGU Stephan Müeller Special Publication Series 2002, 3:1-19.
20. Csontos L., Vörös A. Mesozoic plate tectonic reconstruction of the Carpathian region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2004, 210:1-56.
21. Dando B., Stuart G., Housman G., Hegedus E., Brückl E., Radovanovic S. Teleseismic tomography of the mantle structure in the Carpathian-Pannonian region of central Europe. Geophys. J. Int. 2011, 186:11-31.
22. Deschamps F., Lebedev S., Meier T., Trampert J. Stratified seismic anisotropy reveals past and present deformation beneath the East-central United States. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 274:489-498.
23. Dobosi G., Jenner G.A., Embey-Isztin A., Downes H. Cryptic metasomatism in clino- and orthopyroxene in the upper mantle beneath the Pannonian region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2010, 337:177-194. M. Coltorti, H. Downes, M. Grégorie, S.Y. O'Reilly (Eds.).
24. Downes H., Embey-Isztin A., Thirlwall M.F. Petrology and geochemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Western Pannonian basin (Hungary) - evidence for and association between enrichment and texture in the upper mantle. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1992, 109:340-354.
25. Dricker I., Vinnik L., Roecker S., Makeyeva L. Upper-mantle flow in Eastern Europe. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26:1219-1222.
26. Embey-Isztin A., Downes H., James D.E., Upton B.G.J., Dobosi G., Ingram G.A., Harmon R.S., Scharbert H.G. The petrogenesis of Pliocene alkaline volcanic rocks from the Pannonian Basin, Eastern Central Europe. Journal of Petrology 1993, 34:317-343.
27. Falus, G., 2004. Microstructural analysis of upper mantle peridotites: their application in understanding mantle processes during the formation of the Intra-Carpathian Basin System [PhD thesis]: Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab, University of Szeged. 163 pp.
28. Falus G., Szabó C., Vaselli O. Mantle upwelling within the Pannonian Basin: evidence from xenolith lithology and mineral chemistry. Terra Nova 2000, 12:295-302.
29. Falus G., Tommasi A., Ingrin J., Szabó C. Deformation and seismic anisotropy of the lithospheric mantle in the southeastern Carpathians inferred from the study of mantle xenoliths. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 272:50-64.
30. Flower M.F.J., Tamaki K., Hoang N. Mantle extrusion: a model for dispersed volcanism and dupal-like asthenosphere in East Asia and the western Pacific. Geodynamics 1998, 27. American Geophysical Union.
31. Flower M.F.J., Russo R.M., Tamaki K., Hoang N. Mantle contamination and the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) 'high-tide mark': evidence for mantle extrusion caused by Tethyan closure. Tectonophysics 2001, 333:9-34.
32. Fodor L., Magyari Á., Kázmér M., Fogarasi A. Gravity-flow dominated sedimentation on the Buda paleoslope (Hungary) - record of late Eocene continental escape of the Bakony Unit. Geologische Rundschau 1992, 81:695-716.
33. Fodor L., Csontos L., Bada G., Gyorfi I., Benkoics L. Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Pannonian basin system and neighbouring orogens: a new synthesis of paleostress data. London, Geological Society Special Publication 1999, 156:295-334. B. Durand, L. Jolivet, F. Horváth, M. Séranne (Eds.).
34. Grad M., Guterch A., Keller G.R., Janik T., Hegedus E., Vozár J., Slaczka A., Tiira T., Yliniemi J. Lithospheric structure beneath trans-Carpathian transect from Precambrian platform to Pannonian basin: CELEBRATION 2000 seismic profile CEL05. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 2006, 111. 10.1029/2005JB003647.
35. Griffin W., O'Reilly S., Ryan C. The composition and origin of subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Mantle Petrology: Field Observation and High-pressure Experimentation: A Tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd 1999, 13-45. The Geochemical Society, Houston. Y. Fei, C. Bertka, B. Mysen (Eds.).
36. Haas J., Kovács S., Krystyn L., Lein R. Significance of Late Permian Triassic facies zones in terrane reconstructions in the Alpine North Pannonian domain. Tectonophysics 1995, 242:19-40.
37. Haas J., Mioc P., Pamic J., Tomljenovic B., Árkai P., Berczi-Makk A., Koroknai B., Kovács S., Felgenhauer E.R. Complex structural pattern of the Alpine-Dinaridic-Pannonian triple junction. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2000, 89:377-389.
38. Harangi S., Downes H., Thirlwall M., Gméling K. Geochemistry, petrogenesis and geodynamic relationships of Miocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in the Western Carpathian arc, eastern central Europe. Journal of Petrology 2007, 48:2261-2287.
39. Hidas K., Falus G., Szabó C., Szabó P.J., Kovács I., Földes T. Geodynamic implications of flattened tabular equigranular textured peridotites from the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (Western Hungary). Journal of Geodynamics 2007, 43:484-503.
40. Hoang N., Flower M.F.J. Petrogenesis of Cenozoic basalts from Vietnam, implications for origins of a 'diffuse igneous province'. Journal of Petrology 1998, 39:369-395.
41. Hoang N., Flower M.F.J., Carlson R.W. Major, trace element, and isotopic compositions of Vietnamese basalts: interaction of enriched mobile asthenosphere with the continental lithosphere?. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1996, 60:4329-4351.
42. Horváth F. Towards a mechanical model for the formation of the Pannonian basin. Tectonophysics 1993, 226:333-357.
43. Horváth F., Bada G., Szafián P., Tari G., Ádám A., Cloetingh S. Formation and deformation of the Pannonian basin: constraints from observational data. 32 2006, 191-206. Geological Society, London. D.G. Gee, R.A. Stephenson (Eds.).
44. Houseman G.A., Gemmer L. Intra-orogenic extension driven by gravitational instability: Carpathian-Pannonian orogeny. Geology 2007, 35:1135-1138.
45. Huismans R.S., Podladchikov Y.Y., Cloetingh S. Dynamic modeling of the transition from passive to active rifting, application to the Pannonian basin. Tectonics 2001, 20:1021-1039.
46. Ivan M., Popa M., Ghica D. SKS splitting observed at Romanian broad-band seismic network. Tectonophysics 2008, 462:89-98.
47. Jolivet L., Faccenna C. Mediterranean extension and the Africa-Eurasia collision. Tectonics 2000, 19:1095-1106.
48. Jolivet L., Faccenna C., Piromallo C. From mantle to crust: stretching the Mediterranean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2009, 285:198-209.
49. Jung H., Karato S.-I. Water-induced fabric transitions on olivine. Science 2001, 293:1460-1463.
50. Karato S., Jung H., Katayama I., Skemer P. Geodynamic significance of seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle: new insights from laboratory studies. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2008, 36:59-95.
51. Kázmér M., Kovács S. Permian-Paleogene paleogeogrephy along the eastern part of the Insubric-Periadriatic lineament system: evidence for the continental escape of the Bakony-Drauzug unit. Acta Geologica Hungarica 1985, 28:71-84.
52. Kopylova M.G., Russell J.K. Composition and stratification of the Slave Cratonic upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2000, 181:71-87.
53. Koulakov I., Kaban M.K., Tesauro M., Cloetingh S. P- and S-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle beneath Europe from tomographic inversion of ISC data. Geophysical Journal International 2009, 179:345-366.
54. Kováć M., Nagymarosy A., Oszczypko N., Csontos L., Slaczka A., Marunteanu M., Matenko L., Márton E. Palinspastic reconstruction of the Carpathian-Pannonian region during the Miocene. Geodynamic Development of the Western Carpathian 1998, 198-217. Bratislava, GUDS. M. Rakuš (Ed.).
55. Kovács I., Szabó C. Middle Miocene volcanism in the vicinity of the Middle Hungarian zone: evidence for an inherited enriched mantle source. Journal of Geodynamics 2008, 45:1-17.
56. Kovács I., Zajacz Z., Szabó C. Type-II xenoliths and related metasomatism from the Nograd-Gomor volcanic field, Carpathian-Pannonian region; northern Hungary-southern Slovakia. Tectonophysics 2004, 393:139-161.
57. Kovács I., Csontos L., Szabó C., Bali E., Falus G., Benedek K., Zajacz Z. Paleogene-early Miocene igneous rocks and geodynamics of the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian-Dinaric region: an integrated approach. Geological Society of America Special Paper 2007, 418:93-112. L. Beccaluva, G. Bianchini, M. Wilson (Eds.).
58. Kovács S., Szederkényi T., Haas J., Hámor G., Nagymarosy A. Tectonostratigraphic terranes in the pre-Neogene basement of the Hungarian part of the Pannonian area. Acta Geologica 2000, 43:225-328.
59. Kummerow J., Kind R. Shear wave splitting in the Eastern Alps observed at the TRANSALP network. Tectonophysics 2006, 414:117-125.
60. Lenkey L., Dövényi P., Horváth F., Cloetingh P.L. Geothermics of the Pannonian Basin and its bearing on the neotectonics. EGU Stephan Müeller Special Publication Series 2002, 3:29-40.
61. Liu F., Liu J., Zhong D., He J., You Q. The subducted slab of Yangtze continental block beneath the Tethyan orogen in western Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin 2000, 45-5:466-472.
62. Lustrino M., Duggen S., Rosenberg C. The central-western Mediterranean: anomalous igneous activity in an anomalous collisional tectonic setting. Earth-Science Reviews 2011, 104:1-40.
63. Mainprice D. A FORTRAN program to calculate seismic anisotropy from the lattice preferred orientation of minerals. Computers and Geosciences 1990, 16:385-393.
64. Mainprice D., Nicolas A. Development of shape and lattice preferred orientations: application to the seismic anisotropy of the lower crust. Journal of Structural Geology 1989, 11:175-189.
65. Mainprice D., Barruol G., Ben Ismail W. The seismic anisotropy of the Earth's mantle: from single crystal to polycrystal. Earth's Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and Tomography from the Atomic to the Global Scale 2000, 237-264. Geodyn. Ser. AGU, Washington, D.C. S.I. Karato (Ed.).
66. Márton E. Paleomagnetism and tectonics in the Mediterranean region. Journal of Geodynamics 1987, 7:33-57.
67. Mason P.R.D., Seghedi I., Szakács A., Downes H. Magmatic constraints on geodynamic models of subduction in the East Carpathians, Romania. Tectonophysics 1998, 297:157-176.
68. Meissner R., Mooney W.D., Artemieva I. Seismic anisotropy and mantle creep in young orogens. Geophysical Journal International 2002, 149:1-14.
69. Meulenkamp J.E., Kováć M., Cicha I. On Late Oligocene to Pliocene depocentre migrations and the evolution of the Carpathian-Pannonian system. Tectonophysics 1996, 266:301-317.
70. Michibayashi K., Ina T., Kanagawa K. The effect of dynamic recrystallization on olivine fabric and seismic anisotropy: insight from a ductile shear zone, Oman ophiolite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 244:695-708.
71. Morris G.A., Larson P.B., Hooper P.R. 'Subduction style' magmatism in a non-subduction setting: the Colville Igneous Complex, NE Washington State, USA. Journal of Petrology 2000, 41:43-67.
72. Nemcok M., Pospisil L., Lexa J., Donelick R.A. Tertiary subduction and slab break-off model of the Carpathian-Pannonian region. Tectonophysics 1998, 295:307-340.
73. Nicolas A., Christensen N. Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites - a review. Composition, Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System (Geodynamics Series) 1987, 111-123. K. Fuchs, C. Froidevaux (Eds.).
74. Oszczypko N. Late Cretaceous through Palaeogene evolution of the Magura basin. Geologica Carpathica 1992, 43:334-338.
75. Pamić J., Tomljenovic B., Balen D. Geodynamic and petrogenetic evolution of Alpine ophiolites from the central and NW Dinarides: an overview. Lithos 2002, 65:113-142.
76. Pécskay Z., Lexa J., Szakács A., Seghedi I., Balogh K., Konecny V., Zelenka T., Kovács M., Póka T., Fülöp A., Márton E., Panaiotu C., Cvetkovic V. Geochronology of Neogene magmatism in the Carpathian arc and intra-Carpathian area. Geologica Carpathica 2006, 57:511-530.
77. Plomerova J., Granet M., Judenherc S., Achauer U., Babuska V., Jedlicka P., Kouba D., Vecsey L. Temporary array data for studying seismic anisotropy of Variscan massifs - the Armorican Massif, French Massif Central and Bohemian Massif. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 2000, 44:195-209.
78. Posgay K., Bodoky T., Hegedus E., Kovácsvölgyi S., Lenkey L., Szafián P., Takács E., Tímár Z., Varga G. Asthenospheric structure beneath a Neogene basin in southeast Hungary. Tectonophysics 1995, 252:467-484.
79. Posgay K., Falus Gy., Kovács I., Kovács A.Cs., Bodoky T., Hegedus E. A Tisza nagyszerkezeti egység takaróinak litoszféra méretu vázlata. Igneous and Metamorphic Formations in the Tisza Unit, GeoLitera, Szeged 2009, 11-27. (in Hungarian). M. Tóth, T. (Eds.).
80. Rosenbaum G., Lister G.S. The Western Alps from the Jurassic to Oligocene: spatio-temporal constraints and evolutionary reconstructions. Earth-Science Reviews 2005, 69:281-306.
81. Schmid C., van der Lee S., Giardini D. Delay times and shear wave splitting in the Mediterranean region. Geophysical Journal International 2004, 159:275-290.
82. Schmid S.M., Bernoulli D., Fugenschuh B., Matenco L., Schefer S., Schuster R., Tischler M., Ustaszewski K. The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 2008, 101:139-183.
83. Seghedi I., Downes H., Szakács A., Mason P.R.D., Thirlwall M.F., Rosu E., Pécskay Z., Márton E., Panaiotu C. Neogene-Quaternary magmatism and geodynamics in the Carpathian-Pannonian region: a synthesis. Lithos 2004, 72:117-146.
84. Silver P.G., Chan W.W. Shear-wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 1991, 96:16429-16454.
85. Stuart G., Houseman G., Dando B., Hegedüs E., Brückl E., Radovanovic S., Falus G., Kovács A., Hausmann H., Brisbourne A. Understanding extension within a convergent orogen: initial results on seismic structure from the Carpathian Basins Project. S41A-0235 AGU Fall Meeting 2007 2007.
86. Szabó C., Harangi S., Csontos L. Review of Neogene and Quaternary volcanism of the Carpathian Pannonian Region. Tectonophysics 1992, 208:243-256.
87. Szabó Cs, Vaselli O., Vanucci R., Bottazzi P., Ottolini L., Coradossi N., Kubovics I. Ultramafic xenoliths from the Little Hungarian Plain (Western Hungary): a petrologic and geochemical study. Acta Vulcanologica 1995, 7:249-263.
88. Szabó C., Falus G., Zajacz Z., Kovács I., Bali E. Composition and evolution of lithosphere beneath the Carpathian-Pannonian Region: a review. Tectonophysics 2004, 393:119-137.
89. Tapponnier P. Rigid-plastic indentation and tectonic evolution of the Alpine system in Europe, Rapports et Proces Verbaux des Reunions. Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee 1977, 24-7a:43-44.
90. Tari G., Báldi T., Báldi-Beke M. Paleogene retroarc flexural basin beneath the Neogene Pannonian Basin - a geodynamic model. Tectonophysics 1993, 226:433-455.
91. Tasarova A., Afonso J.C., Bielik M., Gotze H.J., Hok J. The lithospheric structure of the Western Carpathian-Pannonian Basin region based on the CELEBRATION 2000 seismic experiment and gravity modeling. Tectonophysics 2009, 475:454-469.
92. Till C.B., Gans P.B., Spera F.J., MacMillan I., Blair K.D. Perils of petrotectonic modeling: a view from southern Sonora, Mexico. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2009, 186:160-168.
93. Tomek C. Deep-crustal structure beneath the Central and Inner West Carpathians. Tectonophysics 1993, 226:417-431.
94. Tomek C., Hall J. Subducted continental-margin imaged in the Carpathians of Czechoslovakia. Geology 1993, 21:535-538.
95. Tommasi A., Tikoff B., Vauchez A. Upper mantle tectonics: three-dimensional deformation, olivine crystallographic fabrics and seismic properties. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 168:173-186.
96. Tommasi A., Mainprice D., Canova G., Chastel Y. Viscoplastic self-consistent and equilibrium-based modeling of olivine lattice preferred orientations: implications for the upper mantle seismic anisotropy. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:7893-7908.
97. Török K. Garnet breakdown reaction and fluid inclusions in a garnet-clinopyroxenite xenolith from Szentbékkálla (Balaton-Highland, Western Hungary). Acta Vulcanol. 1995, 7:285-290.
98. Török K., Dégi J., Szép A., Marosi G. Reduced carbonic fluids in mafic granulite xenoliths from the Bakony-Balaton HighlandVolcanic Field. W-Hungary. Chem. Geol. 2005, 223(1-3):93-108.
99. Ustaszewski K., Schmid S.M., Fuegenschuh B., Tischler M., Kissling E., Spakman W. A map-view restoration of the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic system for the Early Miocene. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 2008, 101:273-294.
100. Vinnik L.P., Makeyeva L.I., Milev A., Usenko A.Y. Global patterns of azimuthal anisotropy and deformations in the continental mantle. Geophysical Journal International 1992, 111:433-447.
101. Vinnik L.P., Krishna V.G., Kind R., Bormann P., Stammler K. Shear-wave splitting in the records of the German regional seismic network. Geophysical Research Letters 1994, 21:457-460.
102. Wein G. Tectonic review of the Neogene covered areas of Hungary. Acta Geologica Hungarica 1969, 13:399-436.
103. Wenk H.R., Tome C.N. Modeling dynamic recrystallization of olivine aggregates deformed in simple shear. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:25513-25527.
104. Wijbrans J., Németh K., Martin U., Balogh K. Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of Neogene phreatomagmatic volcanism in the western Pannonian Basin, Hungary. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2007, 164:193-204.