Advances in the management of carotid artery disease: Focus on recent evidence and guidelines

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 166-171

  Augoustides, John G T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

anesthetic technique; asystole; carotid artery; carotid artery stenosis; carotid artery stent design; carotid artery stenting; carotid duplex ultrasonography; carotid endarterectomy; carotid revascularization; coronary artery bypass graft surgery; embolic filter; embolic protection; general anesthesia; hemodynamic instability; intracranial carotid stenosis; local anesthesia; myocardial infarction; myocardial ischemia; perioperative mortality; statins; stroke

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CLOPIDOGREL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; ANESTHESIOLOGICAL PROCEDURE; ANGIOGRAPHY; ARTIFICIAL HEART PACEMAKER; ASYMPTOMATIC DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAROTID ARTERIOGRAPHY; CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE; CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CAROTID ARTERY STENTING; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY; CEREBRAL ARTERY DISEASE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLAUSTROPHOBIA; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART SURGERY; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVASCULARIZATION; REVIEW; SCREENING; STROKE; SURGICAL MORTALITY; SURGICAL RISK;

CAROTID ARTERY DISEASES; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84855313590     PISSN: 10530770     EISSN: 15328422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.10.004     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, et al: ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/ CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral disease (executive summary): A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Internterventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. Circulation 124:e54-e130, 2011
2. Cywinski JB, Koch CG, Krajewski LP, et al: Increased risk associated with combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A propensity-matched comparison with isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 20:796-802, 2006 (Pubitemid 44809976)
3. Barnett HJ, Taylor DW, Eliasziw M, et al: Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with moderate or severe stenosis. N Engl J Med 339:1415-1425, 1998 (Pubitemid 28516064)
4. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: Final results of the MRC, European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet 351:1379-1387, 1998
5. Brott TG, Hobson RW, Howard G, et al: Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 363:11-23, 2010
6. Hobson RW, Weiss DG, Fields WS, et al: Efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 328:221-227, 1993 (Pubitemid 23035306)
7. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study: Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 273:1421-1428, 1995
8. Eckstein HH, Ringleh P, Allenberg JR, et al: Results of the Stent-Protected angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy (SPACE) study to treat symptomatic stenoses at 2 years: A multinational, prospective, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 7:893-902, 2008
9. Chiam PT, Roubin GS, Panagopoulos G, et al: One-year clinical outcomes, midterm survival, and predictors of mortality after carotid stenting in elderly patients. Circulation 119:2343-2348, 2009
10. Ederle J, Dobson J, Featherstone RL, et al: Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): An interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 375:985-997, 2010
11. Gurm HS, Yadav JS, Fayad P, et al: Long-term results of carotid stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 358:1572-1579, 2008 (Pubitemid 351519817)
12. Yadav JS, Wholey MH, Kuntz RE, et al: Protected carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 351:1493-1501, 2004
13. Harrod-Kim P, Kadkhodayan Y, Derdeyn CP, et al: Outcomes of carotid angioplasty and stenting for radiation-associated stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:1781-1788, 2005 (Pubitemid 43853680)
14. Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, et al: Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery. Lancet 363:915-924, 2004 (Pubitemid 38388324)
15. White CJ, Iyer SS, Hopkins LN, et al: Carotid stenting with distal protection in high surgical risk patients: The BEACH trial 30 day results. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 67:503-512, 2006
16. Bates ER, Babb JD, Casey DE, Jr, et al: ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN 2007 clinical expert consensus document on carotid stenting: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (ACCF/SCAI/SVMB/SIR/ASITN Clinical Expert Consensus Document Committee on Carotid Stenting). J Am Coll Cardiol 49:126-170, 2007 (Pubitemid 46061419)
17. Davis SM, Donnan GA: Carotid artery stenting in stroke prevention. N Engl J Med 363:80-82, 2010
18. Hecker JG, Laslett L, Campbell E, et al: Case 2 - Catastrophic cardiovascular collapse during carotid endarterectomy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 20:259-268, 2006
19. Brewsler LP, Beaulieu R, Corriere MA, et al: Carotid revascularization outcomes comparing distal filters, flow reversal and endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 54:1000-1005, 2011
20. Faraglia V, Palombo G, Stella N, et al: Cerebral embolization during transcervical carotid stenting with flow reversal: A diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance study. Ann Vasc Surg 23:429-435, 2009
21. Stabile E, Salemme L, Sorropago G, et al: Proximal endovascular occlusion for carotid artery stenting: Results from a prospective registry of 1300 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 55:1661-1667, 2010
22. White CJ: Proximal embolic protection: A "game changer" for carotid stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 55:1668-1670, 2010
23. Timaran CH, Rosero EB, Higuera A, et al: Randomized clinical trial of open-cell versus closed-cell stents for carotid stenting and effects of stent design on cerebral embolization. J Vasc Surg 54:1310-1316, 2011
24. Schillinger M, Gschwendtner M, Reimers B, et al: Does carotid stent cell design matter? Stroke 39:905-909, 2008 (Pubitemid 351619574)
25. Jim J, Rubin BG, Landis GS, et al: Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Registry evaluation of stent cell design on carotid artery stenting outcomes. J Vasc Surg 54:71-79, 2011
26. Murad MH, Shahrour A, Shah ND, et al: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of carotid endarterectomy vs stenting. J Vasc Surg 53:792-797, 2011
27. Bagalore S, Kumar S, Wettersley J, et al: Carotid artery stenting vs carotid endarterectomy: Meta-analysis and diversity-adjusted trial; sequential analysis of randomized trials. Arch Neurol 68:172-184, 2011
28. Guay J: Endovascular stenting or carotid endarterectomy for treatment of carotid stenosis: A meta-analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011 [Epub ahead of print]
29. Ricotta JJ 2nd, Piazza M: Carotid endarterectomy of carotid artery stenting? Matching the patient to the intervention. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 22:124-136, 2010
30. Chaturvedi S, Matsumura JS, Gray W, et al: Carotid artery stenting in octogenarians: Periprocedural stroke risk predictor analysis from the multicenter carotid ACCULINK/ACCUNET post approval trial to uncover rare events (CAPTURE 2) clinical trial. Stroke 41:757-764, 2010
31. Matsumura JS, Gray W, Chaturvedi S, et al: CAPTURE 2 risk-adjusted stroke outcome benchmarks for carotid artery stenting with distal embolic protection. J Vasc Surg 52:576-583, 2010
32. Mortaz HS, Mostafazadeh DB, Sahraian MA: Carotid endarterectomy for carotid stenosis in patients selected for coronary artery bypass surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD006074, 2009
33. Mahmoudi M, Hill PC, Xue Z, et al: Patients with severe asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis do not have a higher risk of stroke and mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Stroke 42:2801-2805, 2011
34. Naylor AR: Managing patients with symptomatic coronary and carotid disease. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 22:70-76, 2010
35. Venkatachalam S, Gray BH, Mukherjee D, et al: Contemporary management of concomitant carotid and coronary artery disease. Heart 97:175-180, 2011
36. Venkatachalam S, Shishehoor MH: Management of carotid disease in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: Is it time to change our approach? Curr Opin Cardiol 26:480-487, 2011
37. Baiou D, Karageorge A, Spyl T, et al: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with asymptomatic unilateral carotid stenoses have a low risk of perioperative stroke. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38:556-559, 2009
38. Ghosh J, Murray D, Khwala N, et al: The influence of asymptomatic significant carotid disease on mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Endovasc Surg 29:88-90, 2005 (Pubitemid 39618998)
39. Velissaris I, Kiskinis D, Anastasiadis K: Synchronous carotid artery stenting and open heart surgery. J Vasc Surg 53:1237-1241, 2011
40. Van der Heyden J, Waaijer A, Van Wouter ES, et al: CT measurement of changes in cerebral perfusion in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis undergoing carotid stenting prior to cardiac surgery: "Proof of concept principle". EuroIntervention 6:1091-1097, 2011
41. Illuminati G, Ricco JB, Calio F, et al: Short-term results of a randomized trial examining timing of carotid endarterectomy in patients with severe asymptomatic unilateral carotid stenosis undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Vasc Surg 54:993-999, 2011
42. Gardner TJ, O'Gara PT: The Cardiothoracic Surgery Network: Randomized clinical trials in the operating room. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 139:830-834, 2010
43. Gardner TJ, Miller MA, O'Gara PT, et al: Building an infrastructure for clinical trials in cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 142:265-266, 2011
44. Arenillas JF: Intracranial atherosclerosis: Current concepts. Stroke 42:S20-S23, 2011
45. Gorelick PB, Wong KS, Bae HJ, et al: Large artery intracranial occlusion disease: A large worldwide burden but a relatively neglected frontier. Stroke 39:2396-2398, 2008
46. Broderick JP: The challenges of intracranial revascularization for stroke prevention. N Engl J Med 365:1054-1055, 2011
47. Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Derdeyn CP, et al: Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med 365:993-1003, 2011
48. Makris GC, Lavida A, Nicolaides AN, et al: The effect of statins on carotid plaque morphology: A LDL-associated action or one more pleiotropic effect of statins. Atherosclerosis 213:8-20, 2010
49. Verzini F, De Rango P, Parlani G, et al: Effects of statins on early and late results of carotid stenting. J Vasc Surg 53:71-79, 2011
50. GALA Trial Collaborative Group, Lewis SC, Warlow CP, Bodenham AR, et al: General anaethesia versus local anaesthesia for carotid surgery (Gala): A multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 372:2132-2142, 2008
51. Paraskevas KI, Mikhalidis DP, Bell PR: The Gala trial: Will it influence practice? Vasc Endovasc Surg 43:429-432, 2009
52. Gomes M, Soares MO, Durnville JC, et al: Cost-effectiveness analysis of general anesthesia versus local anesthesia for carotid surgery (Gala Trial). Br J Surg 97:1218-1225, 2010
53. Weber CF, Friedl H, Hueppe M, et al: Impact of general versus local anesthesia on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction following carotid endarterectomy: Gala Study subgroup analysis. World J Surg 33:1526-1532, 2009
54. Sideso E, Walton J, Handa A: General or local anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy - The "real-world" experience. Angiology 62:609-613, 2011
55. Blackshear Jl, Cutlip DE, Roubin GS, et al: Myocardial infarction after carotid stenting and endarterectomy: Results from the carotid revascularization endarterectomy versus stenting trial. Circulation 123:2571-2578, 2011
56. Park BD, Divinagracia T, Madej O, et al: Predictors of clinically significant postprocedural hypotension after carotid endarterectomy and carotid angioplasty with stenting. J Vasc Surg 50:526-533, 2009
57. Sposato LA, Suárez A, Jáuregui A, et al: Intraoperative hypotension, new onset atrial fibrillation and adverse outcome after carotid endarterectomy. J Neurol Sci 309:5-8, 2011
58. Satya K, Dougherty K, Lee VV, et al: Determinants and outcomes of asystole during carotid artery stenting. J Endovasc Ther 18:513-517, 2011
59. Ricotta JJ, Aburahma A, Ascher E, et al: Updated Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for management of extracranial carotid disease. J Vasc Surg 54:e1-e31, 2011