Modeling of the M2 surface and internal tides and their seasonal variability in the Arctic Ocean: Dynamics, energetics and tidally induced diapycnal diffusion

Journal of Marine Research

Volumn 69, Issue 2-3, 2011, Pages 245-276

  Kagan, B A ^a   Sofina, E V ^a   Timofeev, A A ^a  

^a SHIRSHOV INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BAROTROPIC MOTION; ENERGETICS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENT; NUMERICAL MODEL; SEASONAL VARIATION; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; TIDAL CYCLE; TIDAL MODELING;

ARCTIC OCEAN; NEW SIBERIAN ISLANDS; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; SAKHA;

EID: 84855216693     PISSN: 00222402     EISSN: 15439542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1357/002224011798765312     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Alford, M. H., M. C. Gregg and M. A. Merrifield. 2006. Structure, propagation, and mixing of energetic baroclinic tides in Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 997-1018.
2. 2 tide on the North Siberian Shelf. Cont. Shelf Res., 18, 715-738.
3. Baines, P. G. 1973. The generation of internal tides by flat-bump topography. Deep-Sea Res., 20, 179-205.
4. Craig, P. D. 1988. A numerical model study of internal tides on the Australian North-West Shelf. J. Mar. Res., 46, 59-76.
5. Cummins, P. F. and L. Y. Oey. 1997. Simulation of barotropic and baroclinic tides off northern British Columbia. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 762-781.
6. D'Asaro, E. A. and M. D. Morehead. 1991. Internal waves and velocity fine structure in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12725-12738.
7. Dushaw, B. D., B. M. Howe, B. D. Cornuelle, P. F. Worcester and D. S. Luther. 1995. Barotropic and baroclinic tides in the central North Pacific Ocean determined from long-range reciprocal acoustic transmissions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 631-647.
8. 2 tidal energy dissipation from TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22475-22502.
9. Ferron, B., H. Mercier, K. Speer, A. Gargett and K. Polzin. 1998. Mixing in the Romanche Fracture Zone. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1929-1945.
10. Finnigan, T. D., D. S. Luther and R. Lukas. 2002. Observations of enhanced diapycnal mixing near the Hawaiian Ridge. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2988-3002.
11. 2 and the K1 tide in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean. Tellus A, 41A, 73-96.
12. Gregg, M. C. 1989. Scaling turbulent dissipation in the thermocline. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 9686-9698.
13. Hasumi, H. and N. Suginohara. 1999. Effects of locally enhanced vertical diffusivity over rough bathymetry on the World Ocean circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23367-23374.
14. Holloway, P. E. 1996. A numerical model of internal tides with application to the Australian North West Shelf. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 21-37.
15. Holloway, P. E. 2001. A regional model of the semidiurnal internal tide on the Australian North West Shelf. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 19625-19638.
16. Huang, R. X. and X. Jin. 2002. Deep circulation in the South Atlantic induced by bottom-intensified mixing over the Mid-Ocean Ridge. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1150-1164.
17. Huq, P. and R. E. Britter. 1995. Turbulence evolution and mixing in a two-layer stably stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 285, 41-67.
18. Ip, J. T. C. and D. R. Lynch. 1995. QUODDY3 user's manual: Comprehensive coastal circulation simulation using finite elements: Nonlinear prognostic time-stepping model. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, Report Number NML95-1.
19. Ivey, G.N. and J. Imberger. 1991. On the nature of turbulence in a stratified fluid. Part I: The energetics of mixing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 650-658.
20. Jayne, S. R. and L. C. St. Laurent. 2001. Parameterizing tidal dissipation over rough topography. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 811-814.
21. Kagan, B. A., D. A. Romanenkov and E. V. Sofina. 2008. Tidal ice drift and ice-generated changes in the tidal dynamics/energetics on the Siberian continental shelf. Cont. Shelf Res., 28, 351-368.
22. Kang, S. K., M. G. G. Foreman, W. R. Crawford and J. Y. Cherniawsky. 2000. Numerical modeling of internal tide generation along the Hawaiian Ridge. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 1083-1098.
23. Katsumata, K. 2006. Two-and three-dimensional numerical models of internal tide generation at a continental slope. Ocean Model., 12, 32-45.
24. Klymak, J. M. and M. C. Gregg. 2004. Tidally generated turbulence over the Knight Inlet Sill. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1135-1151.
25. Klymak, J. M., J. N. Moum, J. D. Nash, E. Kunze, J. B. Girton, G. S. Carter, C.M. Lee, T. B. Sanford and M. C. Gregg. 2006. An estimate of tidal energy lost to turbulence at the Hawaiian Ridge. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1148-1164.
26. Konyaev, K. V. 2000. Internal tide at the critical latitude. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 36, 396-406 (in Russian).
27. Konyaev, K. V. 2002. Internal tide near the polar front of the Barents Sea from the data of a density survey, in Surface and Internal Waves in the Arctic Ocean, I. V. Lavrenov and E. G. Morozov, eds., Gidrometeoizdat, 320-321 (in Russian).
28. Konyaev, K. V., A. Plüddemann and K. D. Sabinin. 2000. Internal tide on the Yermak Plateau in the Arctic Ocean. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 36, 542-552 (in Russian).
29. 2 tide in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Modeling, Identification and Control, 2, 201-223.
30. Kowalik, Z. and A. Yu. Proshutinsky. 1994. The Arctic Ocean tides, in Geophysical Monograph Series, 85, O. M. Johanessen et al., eds., American Geophysical Union, 137-158.
31. Kozubskaya, G. I., G.V. Konyaev, A. Plüddemann and K. D. Sabinin. 1999. Internalwaves at the slope of Bear Island from the data of the Barents Sea Polar Front Experiment (BSPF-92). Okeanologiya, 39, 165-175 (in Russian).
32. Kunze, E. and T. B. Sanford. 1996. Abyssal mixing: where it is not. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2286-2296.
33. Kunze, E., L. K. Rosenfeld, G. S. Carter and M. C. Gregg. 2002. Internalwaves in Monterey Submarine Canyon. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1890-1913.
34. Kunze, E. and J. M. Toole. 1997. Tidally driven vorticity, diurnal shear, and turbulence atop Fieberling Seamount. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2663-2693.
35. Ledwell, J. R., E. T. Montgomery, K. L. Polzin, L. C. St. Laurent, R. W. Schmitt and J. M. Toole. 2000. Evidence for enhanced mixing over rough topography in the abyssal ocean. Nature, 403, 179-182.
36. Ledwell, J. R., A. J. Watson and C. S. Law. 1993. Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from an open-ocean tracer-release experiment. Nature, 364, 701-703.
37. Ledwell, J. R., A. J. Watson and C. S. Law. 1998. Mixing of a tracer in the pycnocline. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 21499-21530.
38. Legg, S. and K. M. H. Huijts. 2006. Preliminary simulations of internal waves and mixing generated by finite amplitude tidal flow over isolated topography. Deep-Sea Res. II, 53, 140-156.
39. Levine, M. D. 1983. Internal waves in the ocean: A Review. Rev. Geophys., 21, 1206-1216.
40. Levine, M. D. 1990. Internal waves under the Arctic pack ice during the Arctic InternalWave Experiment: The coherence structure. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7347-7357.
41. Levine, M. D., C. A. Paulson and J. H. Morison. 1985. Internal waves in the Arctic Ocean: comparison with lower-latitude observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 800-809.
42. Levine, M. D., C. A. Paulson and J. H. Morison. 1987. Observations of internal gravity waves under the Arctic pack ice. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 779-782.
43. Lien, R.-C. and M. C. Gregg. 2001. Observations of turbulence in a tidal beam and across a coastal ridge. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 4575-4592.
44. Lueck, R. G. and T. D. Mudge. 1997. Topographically induced mixing around a shallow seamount. Science, 276, 1831-1833.
45. Lyard, F. H. 1997. The tides in the Arctic Ocean from a finite element model. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 15611-15638.
46. Morozov, E. G. and S. V. Pisarev. 2002. Internal tides at the Arctic latitudes (numerical experiments). Okeanologiya, 42, 165-173 (in Russian).
47. Morozov, E. G., S. V. Pisarev and S. Yu. Erofeeva. 2002. Internal waves in the Arctic seas of Russia, in Surface and internal waves in the Arctic Ocean, I. V. Lavrenov and E. G. Morozov, eds., Gidrometeoizdat, 217-234 (in Russian).
48. Moum, J. N. 1996. Efficiency of mixing in the main thermocline. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12057-12070.
49. Moum, J. N., D. R. Caldwell, J. D. Nash and G. D. Gunderson. 2002. Observations of boundary mixing over the continental slope. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2113-2130.
50. Munk, W. H. 1966. Abyssal recipes. Deep-Sea Res., 13, 707-730.
51. Munk, W. H. and C. Wunsch. 1998. Abyssal recipes II: energetics of tidal and wind mixing. Deep-Sea Res. I, 45, 1977-2010.
52. Muzylev, S. V. and L. N. Oleinikova. 2007a. On the influence of ocean internal waves on deflections of sea ice cover. Geophys. Res. Abstracts, 9, SRef-ID; 1607-7962/gra/ EGU2007.
53. Muzylev, S. V. and L. N. Oleinikova. 2007b. On the theory of internalwaves under ice cover. Okeanologiya, 47, 191-196 (in Russian).
54. Nash, J. D., E. Kunze, J. M. Toole and R. W. Schmitt. 2004. Internal tide reflection and turbulent mixing on the continental slope. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1117-1134.
55. Osborn, T. R. 1980. Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 83-89.
56. Padman, L. and S. Erofeeva. 2004. A barotropic inverse tidal model for the Arctic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, CiteID L02303.
57. Pinkel, R. et al. 2000. Ocean mixing studies near the Hawaiian Ridge. EOS, Trans., Amer. Geophys. Union, 46, 545, 553.
58. Pisarev, S. V. 1996. Low-frequency internal waves near the shelf edge of the Arctic Basin. Okeanologiya, 36, 819-829 (in Russian).
59. Plüddemann, A. J. 1992. Internal wave observations from the Arctic environmental drifting buoy. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12619-12638.
60. 2 tidal wave in the Arctic Ocean. I: A 3-D structure of the barotropic tide. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1, 56-68 (in Russian).
61. 2 tidal wave in the Arctic Ocean. II: The structure of the tide in a stratified ocean. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 2, 49-60 (in Russian).
62. Polzin, K. L., J. M. Toole, J. R. Ledwell and R. W. Schmitt. 1997. Spatial variability of turbulent mixing in the abyssal ocean. Science, 276, 93-96.
63. Proshutinsky, A. Yu. 1993a. Semidiurnal tides in the Arctic Ocean from modeling results. Proc. Arctic and Antarctic Res. Inst., 429, 29-44 (in Russian).
64. Proshutinsky, A. Yu. 1993b. Level oscillations in the Arctic Ocean. Gidrometeoizdat, 216 pp (in Russian).
65. Rudnick, D. L. et al. 2003. From tides to mixing along the Hawaiian Ridge. Science, 301, 355-358.
66. Sabinin, K. D. and V. V. Stanovoy. 2002. Semidiurnal internal waves in Arctic seas, in Surface and Internal Waves in the Arctic Ocean, I. V. Lavrenov and E. G. Morozov, eds., Gidrometeoizdat, 265-274 (in Russian).
67. Savchenko, V. G. and L. I. Zubkov. 1976. A numerical model for free internal gravity waves in the Arctic Basin. Proc. Arctic and Antarctic Res. Inst., 332, 26-50 (in Russian).
68. Schwiderski, E. W. 1980. On charting global ocean tides. Rev. Geophys., 18, 243-268.
69. Serebryannyi, A. N. 2002. Internalwaves in the coastal zone of the Barents Sea, in Surface and Internal Waves in the Arctic Ocean, I. V. Lavrenov and E. G. Morozov, eds., Gidrometeoizdat, 298-309 (in Russian).
70. Serebryannyi, A. N. and G. I. Shapiro. 2001. Observations of internal waves in the Pechora Sea, in Experience in System Oceanographic Investigations in the Arctic, A. P. Lisitsyn et al., eds., Nauchnyi Mir, 140-150 (in Russian).
71. Simmons, H. L., S. R. Jayne, L. C. St. Laurent and A. J. Weaver. 2004. Tidally driven mixing in a numerical model of the ocean general circulation. Ocean Model., 6, 245-263.
72. Smagorinsky, J. 1963. General circulation experiments with the primitive equations. Mon. Weather Rev., 91, 99-164.
73. Smirnov, A. I., V. G. Shushlebin and V. G. Korostelev. 2002. Natural observation results of surface and internal waves in the Arctic Ocean, in Surface and Internal Waves in the Arctic Ocean, I. V. Lavrenov and E. G. Morozov, eds., Gidrometeoizdat, 280-297 (in Russian).
74. St. Laurent, L. C. and J. D. Nash. 2004. An examination of the radiative and dissipative properties of deep ocean internal tides. Deep-Sea Res. II, 51, 3029-3042.
75. St. Laurent, L. and R. W. Schmitt. 1999. The contribution of salt fingers to vertical mixing in the North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1404-1424.
76. St. Laurent, L. C., J. M. Toole and R.W. Schmitt. 2001. Buoyancy forcing by turbulence above rough topography in the abyssal Brazil Basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 3476-3495.
77. Stigebrandt, A. and J. Aure. 1989. Vertical mixing in basin waters of fjords. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 917-926.
78. Tanis, E. and L. Timokhov (eds.). 1997. Joint US-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean, Oceanography Atlas for the winter period. EnvironmentalWorking Group, University of Colorado, Media Digital.
79. Tanis, E. and L. Timokhov (eds.). 1998. Joint US-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean, Oceanography Atlas for the summer period. Environmental Working Group, University of Colorado, Media Digital.
80. Zubov, N. N. 1956. Basic studies on straits in the World Ocean. Geografgiz, 239 pp (in Russian).