Testing alternative tectono-stratigraphic interpretations of the late palaeozoic? Early mesozoic karakaya complex in NW turkey: Support for an accretionary origin related to northward subduction of palaeotethys;KB Türkiye'deki geç paleozoyik-erken mesozoyik yaşlı karakaya kompleksi i̇çin önerilen alternatif tektono-stratigrafik modellerin sınanması: Paleotetisin kuzeye yitimi ile i̇lişkili yıǧışım modeline destek

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 961-1007

  Robertson, Alastair Harry Forbes ^a   Ustaömer, Timur ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Karakaya complex; NW turkey; Sakarya continent; Tectonics; Tectonostratigraphy

Indexed keywords

ACCRETIONARY PRISM; BACKARC BASIN; CONTINENTAL MARGIN; DATA INTERPRETATION; EMPLACEMENT; MELANGE; MESOZOIC; MID-OCEAN RIDGE BASALT; OCEANIC CRUST; PALEOZOIC; RECONSTRUCTION; SEAMOUNT; STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHY; UPLIFT; VOLCANICLASTIC DEPOSIT;

TURKEY;

EID: 84855188330     PISSN: 13000985     EISSN: 1303619X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3906/yer-1003-22     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Akyürek, B. & Soysal, Y. 1983. Biga yari{dotless}madasi{dotless} güneyinin (Savaştepe-Ki{dotless}rkaǧaç-Bergama-Ayvali{dotless}k) temel jeoloji özellikleri [Basic geological characteristics of the southern Biga Peninsula (Savaştepe-Ki{dotless}rkaǧaç-Bergama-Ayvali{dotless}k area)]. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü (MTA) Dergisi 95/96, 1-13 [in Turkish with English abstract].
2. Alkaya, F. 1981. Bilecik yöresi Lias ammonit zonlari{dotless} (Liassic ammonite zones in the Bilecik region). İstanbul, Yerbilimleri 1, 297-302 [in Turkish with English abstract].
3. Altiner, D. & KoçyIǧIt, A. 1993. Th ird remark on the Geology of the Karakaya Basin. Anisian megablock in Northern Central Anatolia: micropaleontologic, stratigraphic and tectonic implications for the rifting stage of the Karakaya Basin, Turkey. Revue de Paléogiologie (Geneva) 12, 1-17.
4. Altiner, D., KoçyIǧIt, A., Farinacci, A., Nicosia, U. & Conti, M.A. 1991. Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy and palaeogeographic evolution of the southern part of northwestern Anatolia (Turkey). Geologica Romana 27, 13-80.
5. Altiner, D., Özkan-Altiner, S. & KoçyIǧIt, A. 2000. Late Permian foraminiferal biofacies belts in Turkey: palaeogeographic and tectonic implications. In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A. & Piper, J.A.D. (eds), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and Surrounding Area. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 173, 83-96.
6. th anniversary of the Turkish Republic.17-19 December 1973, MTA Publication, Ankara, 105-114.
7. Aslaner, M. 1965. Etude géologique et pétrographique de la region d'Edremit-Havran (Turquie). MTA Publication 119.
8. Aygen, T. 1956. Etude géologique de la région de Balya. Special Publication of the Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü (MTA), D11.
9. Aysal, N., Ustaömer, T., Öngen, S., KeskIn, M., Köksal, S., Peytcheva, I. & Fenning, M. 2012. Origin of the Lower- Middle Devonian magmatism in the Sakarya Zone, NW Turkey: geochronology, geochemistry and isotope systematics. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 45, 201-222.
10. BIngöl, E., Akyürek, B. & Korkmazer, B. 1973. Biga Yari{dotless}madasi{dotless}ni{dotless}n jeolojisi ve Karakaya Formasyonunun bazi{dotless} özellikleri [Geology of the Biga Peninsula and some characteristics of the Karakaya Formation]. Cumhuriyetin 50. Yi{dotless}li{dotless} Yerbilimleri Kongresi, Tebliǧer, MTA Enstitüsü [Congress on Earth Sciences for the 50th Anniversary of Republic of Turkey, Abstracts], p. 70-77 [in Turkish with English abstract].
11. BIngöl, E., Akyürek, B. & Korkmazer, B. 1975. Biga Yari{dotless}madasi{dotless}'ni{dotless}n jeolojisi ve Karakaya Formasyonu'nun bazi{dotless} özellikleri [Geology of the Biga Peninsula and some characteristics of the Karakaya blocky series]. Cumhuriyetin 50. Yi{dotless}li{dotless} Yerbilimleri Kongresi Tebliǧleri, MTA Enstitüsü [Congress on Earth Sciences for the 50th Anniversary of Republic of Turkey, Abstracts], 70-77 [in Turkish with English abstract].
12. Beccaletto, L. & Jenny, C. 2004. Geology and correlations of the Ezine zone: a Rhodope fragment in NW Turkey? Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 145-176.
13. Blanc, P. 1965. Série stratigraphique de de Çal Köy (Anatolie Occidentale, Turquie): presence de spilites dans le Permien. Comptes Redus de la Societé géologigue de France 3, 100-102.
14. Cavazza, W., Okay, A.I. & Zattin, M. 2009. Rapid early-middle Miocene exhumation of the Kazdaǧ Massif (western Anatolia). International Journal of Earth Sciences 98, 1935-1947.
15. Cloos, M. & Shreve, R.L. 1988a. Subduction-channel model of prism accretion, melange formation, sediment subduction, and subduction erosion at convergent plate margins: 1. Background and description. Pure and Applied Geophysics 128, 455-500.
16. Cloos, M. & Shreve, R.L. 1988b. Subduction-channel model of prism accretion, melange formation, sediment subduction, and subduction erosion at convergent plate margins: 2. Implications and discussion. Pure and Applied Geophysics 128, 501-545.
17. Coffin, M.F. & Eldholm, O. 1994. Large igneous provinces: crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences. Revue of Geophysics 32, 1-3.
18. Coffin, M.F., Pringle, M.S., Duncan, R.A., Gladczenko, T.P., Storey, M., Muller, R.D. & Gahagan, L.A. 2002. Kerguelen hotspot magma output since 130 Ma. Journal of Petrology 43, 1121-1137.
19. Duru, M., PehlIvan, Ş., Dönmez, M., Ilgar, A. & Akçay, A.I. 2007a. Geological Map of the Bandİrma-H18 Quadrangle 2007, 1:100,000 Scale. General Directorate of the Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
20. Duru, M., PehlIvan, Ş., Ilgar, A., Dönmez, M. & Akçay, A.I. 2007b. Geological Map of the Ayvalİk-İ17 Quadrangle 2007, 1:100,000 Scale. General Directorate of the Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
21. Duru, M., PehlIvan, Ş., Dönmez, M., Ilgar, A. & Akçay, A.I. 2007c. Geological Map of the Balİkesir- İ18 Quadrangle 2007, 1:100,000 Scale. General Directorate of the Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
22. Duru, M., PehlIvan, Ş., Yavaş, F. & Kar, H. 2004. New results on the lithostratigraphy of the Kazdaǧ Massif in Northwest Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 177-186.
23. Erk, A.S. 1942. Etude géologique de la région entre Gemlik et Bursa (Turquie). Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü (MTA), Special Publication B9.
24. Ernst, R.E., Buchan, K.L. & Campbell, I.H. 2004. Frontiers in large igneous province research. Lithos 79, 271-297.
25. Federici, I., Cavazza, W., Okay, A.I., Beyssac, O., Zattin, M., Corrado, S. & Dellisanti, S. 2010. Thermal evolution of the Permo-Triassic Karkaya subduction-accretion complex from the Biga Peninsula to the Tokat Massif (Anatolia). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 19, 409-929.
26. Fitton, J.G. & Goddard, M. 2004. Origin and evolution of magmas on the Ontong Java Plateau. In: Fitton, J.G., Mahoney, P.J., Wallace, P.J. & Sounders, A.D. (eds), Origin and Evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 229, 239-257.
27. Frey, F.A., Coffin, M.F., Wallace, P.J, Weis, D., Zhao, X., Wise, S.W.Jr., Wähnert, V., Teagle, D.A.H., Saccocia, P.J., Reusch, D.N., Pringle, M.S., Nicolaysen, K.E., Neal, C.R., Müller, R.D., Moore, C.L., Mahoney, J.J., Keszthely, L., Inokuchi, H., Duncan, R.A., Delius, H., Damuth, J.E., Damasceno, D., Coxall, H.K., Borre, M.K., Boehm, F., Barling, J., Arndt, N.T. & Antretter, M. 2000 Origin and evolution of a submarine large igneous province: the Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge, southern Indian Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 176, 73-89.
28. Genç, S.C. 2004, A Triassic large igneous province in the Pontides, northern Turkey: geochemical data for its tectonic setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 22, 503-516.
29. Genç, S.C. & Yilmaz, Y. 1995. Evolution of the Triassic continental margin, northwest Anatolia. Tectonophysics 243, 193-207.
30. Göncüoǧlu, M.C., Kuwahara, K., TekIn, U.K. & Turhan, N. 2004. Upper Permian (Changxingian) radiolarian cherts within the clastic successions of the 'Karakaya Complex' in northwest Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 12, 201-215.
31. Göncüoǧlu, M.C., Turhan, N., Şentürk, K., Özcan, A. & Uysal, Ş. 2000. A geotraverse acrosss NW Turkey: tectonic units of the Central Sakarya region and their tectonic evolution. In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A. & Piper, J.D.A. (eds), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 173, 139-162.
32. Gözler, M.Z., Ergül, E., Akçaören, F., Genç, Ş., Akat, U. & Acar, Ş. 1984. Çanakkale Boǧazİ Doǧusu-Marmara Denizi Güneyi Bandİrma-Balİkesir-Edremit ve Ege Denizi Arasİndaki Bölgenin Jeolojisi [Geology of the Area to the E of Çanakkale Strait-S of Marmara Sea, Bandİrma-Balİkesir-Edremit and the Aegean Sea]. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüǧü (MTA) Report no. 7430.
33. GümüŞ, A. 1964. Contribution a l' étude geologique du secteur septentrional de Kalabak Köy - Eymir Köy (region d'Edremit), Turquie. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü (MTA), Special Publication 117.
34. Hauff, F., Hoernle, K., Tilton, G., Graham, D.W. & Kerr, A.C. 2000. Large volume recycling of oceanic lithosphere over short time scales: geochemical constraints from the Caribbean Large Igneous Province. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 174, 247-263.
35. Herece, E. 1990. The Yenice-Gönen earthquakes of 1953 and some examples of recent tectonic events in the Biga Peninsula of Northwestern Turkey. MTA Bulletin 11, 1-15.
36. Ingle, S., Weis, D., Scoates, J.S. & Frey, F.A. 2002. Relationship between the early Kerguelen plume and continental flood basalts of the paleo-Eastern Gondwanan margins. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 197, 35-50.
37. Kadioǧlu, Y.K., KayadIbI, Ö. & Aydal, D. 1994. Söǧüt magmatitlerinin petrografisi ve jeokimyasİ [Petrography and geochemistry of Söǧüt magmatics]. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 9, 1-10 [in Turkish with English abstract].
38. Kaya, O., 1991. Stratigraphy of pre-Jurassic sedimentary rocks of the western parts of Turkey: type area study and tectonic considerations. Newsletter of Stratigraphy (Stuttgart) 23, 123-140.
39. Kaya, O. & Mostler, H. 1992. A Middle Triassic age for low-grade greenschist facies metamorphic sequence in Bergama (İzmir), western Turkey: the first paleontological age assignment and structural-stratigraphic implications. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, Stuttgart 26, 1-17.
40. Kaya, O., Ozkocak, O. & Lisenbee, A. 1989. Stratigraphy of the pre- Jurassic blocky sedimentary rocks to the south of Bursa, NW Turkey. MTA Bulletin 109, 15-24.
41. Kaya, O., Wiedmann, J. & Kozur, H. 1986. Preliminary report on the stratigraphy, age and structure of the so-called Late Paleozoic and/or Triassic 'melange' or 'suture zone complex' of north-western and western Turkey. Yerbilimleri, Hacettepe University 13, 1-16.
42. Kerr, A.C., Tarney, J., Marriner, G.F., Nivia, A. & Saunders, A.D. 1997. The Caribbean-Colombian Cretaceous Igneous Province: The internal anatomy of an oceanic plateau. In: Mahoney, J.J. & Coffin, M.F. (eds), Large Igneous Provinces. Geophysical Monograph of the American Geoph ysical Union (Washington, DC) 100, 123-144.
43. Kerr, A.C., Tarney, J., Marriner, G.F., Nivia, A. & Saunders, A.D. 1998. The internal structure of oceanic plateaus: inferences from obducted Cretaceous terranes in western Columbia and the Caribbean. Tectonophysics 292, 173-188.
44. KIbIcI, Y., IlbeylI, N., Yildiz, A. & Baǧci, M. 2010. Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Sarİcakaya intrusive rocks, Turkey: Late Palaeozoic crustal melting in the central Sakarya Zone. Chemia Erde-Geochemistry, doi: 0.1016/j.chemer.2009.12.001.
45. Kobayashi, K., Cadet, J.-P., Ayboiun, J., Boulegue, J., Dubois, J., Von Huene, R., Jolivet, L., Kanazawa, T., Kasahara, J., Koizumi, K., Lallemand, S., Nakamura, Y., Pautot, G., Suyehiro, K., Tani, S., Tokuyama, H. & Yamazaki, T. 1987. Normal faulting of the Daiichi-Kashima Seamount in the Japan Trench revealed by the Kaiko I cruise, Leg 3. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 83, 257-326.
46. Kozur, H. 1997. Pelagic Permian and Triassic of the western Tethys and its palaeogeographic and stratigrapahical significance. Abstracts, XLVIII. Berg- und Hüttenmannischer Tag. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg, 21-25.
47. Kozur, H. 1999. Permian development in the western Tethys. In: Ratanstien, B. & Rieb, S.L. (eds), Shallow Tethys. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Shallow Tethys 5, 101-135.
48. Kozur, H., Aydin, M., Demür, O., Yakar, H., Göncüoǧlu, M.C. & Kuru, F. 2000. New stratigraphic and palaeogeographic results from the Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic of the Middle Pontides (northern Turkey) in the Azdavay, Devrekani, Küre and Ünebolu areas. Implications for the Carboniferous-Early Cretaceous geodynamic evolution and some related remarks to the Karakaya oceanic rift basin. Geologica Croatica 53, 209-268.
49. Kozur, H. & Kaya, O. 1993. First evidence of pelagic Late Permian conodonts from NW Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaontologie Monatsheft 6, 339-347.
50. Krushensky, R.D., Akcay, Y. & Karaege, E. 1980. Geology of the Karalar-YeŞiller area, northwest Anatolia, Turkey. Geological Survey of America Bulletin 1461, 1-72.
51. Leven, E.Ja. & Okay, A.I. 1996. Foraminifera from the exotic Permo-Carboniferous limestone blocks in the Karakaya Complex, northwest Turkey. Rivista Italiana Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 102, 139-174.
52. Mackintosh, P.W. & Robertson, A.H.F. 2009. Structural and sedimentary evidence from the northern margin of the Tauride platform in south central Turkey used to test alternative models of Tethys during Early Mesozoic time. Tectonophysics 473, 149-172.
53. Moix, P., Beccaletto, L., Kozur, H.W., Hochard, C., Rosselet, F. & Stampfli, G.M. 2008. A new classification of the Turkish terranes and its implication for paleotectonic history of the region. Tectonophysics 451, 7-39.
54. Monod, O., Maluski, H., Monié, P. & Akkök, R. 1996. Schistes bleus du Trias supérieur en Turquie de NW: comment c'est fermée la Paleo-Téthys? 16th Réunion des Sciences de la Terre, 10-12 April l996, Abstracts. Orléans, France, p. 43.
55. Monod, O. & Okay, A.I. 1999. Late Triassic Paleo-Tethyan subduction: Evidence from Triassic blueschists. European Union of Earth Sciences 10, Journal of Conference Abstracts 4, p. 315.
56. Okay, A.I. 2000. Was the late Triassic orogeny in Turkey caused by the collision of an oceanic plateau? In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A. & Piper, J.D.A. (eds), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 173, 25-42.
57. Okay, A.I. & Altiner, D. 2004. Uppermost Triassic limestone in the Karakaya Complex-stratigraphic and tectonic significance. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 187-200.
58. Okay, A.I. & Göncüoǧlu, M.C. 2004. The Karakaya Complex: a review of data and concepts. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 77-97.
59. Okay, A.I. & Monié, P. 1997. Early Mesozoic subduction in the Eastern Mediterranean: evidence from Triassic eclogite in northwest Turkey. Geology 25, 595-598.
60. Okay, A.I., Monod, O. & Monié, P. 2002. Triassic blueschists and eclogites from northwest Turkey: vestiges of the Palaeo-Tethyan subduction. Lithos 64, 155-178.
61. Okay, A.I., Noble, P.J. & TekIn, U.K. 2011. Devonian radiolarian ribbon cherts from the Karakaya Complex, Northwest Turkey: Implications for Paleo-Tethyan evolution. Comptes Rendus Palevol 10, 1-10.
62. Okay, A.I. & Mostler, H. 1994. Carboniferous and Permian radiolarite blocks from the Karakaya Complex in Northwest Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 3, 23-28.
63. Okay, A.I., Satir, M., Maluski, H., SIyako, M., Monié, P., Metzger, R. & Akyüz, S. 1996. Paleo- and Neo-Tethyan events in northwest Turkey: geological and geochronological constraints. In: Yin, A. & Harrison, M. (eds), Tectonics of Asia. Cambridge University Press, 420-441.
64. Okay, A.I., Satir, M. & Siebel, W. 2006. Pre-Alpide Palaeozoic and Mesozoic orogenic events in the Eastern Mediterranean region. In: Gee, D.G. & Stepherson, R.A. (eds), European Lithosphere Dynamics. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 32, 389-406.
65. Okay, A.I., Satir, M., Zattin, M., Cavazza, W. & Topuz, G. 2008. An Oligocene ductile strike-slip shear zone: Uludaǧ Massif, northwest Turkey - implications for the escape tectonics. Geological Society of America Bulletin 120, 893-911.
66. Okay, A.I., SIyako, M. & Bürkan, K.A. 1991. Geology and tectonic evolution of the Biga Peninsula, northwest Turkey. Bulletin of the Technical University of İstanbul 44, 191-256.
67. PehlIvan, Ş., Duru, M., Dönmez, M., Ilgar, A. & Akçay, A.I. 2007. Geological Map of the Balİkesir-İ19 Quadrangle 2007, 1:100,000 Scale. General Directorate of the Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
68. Petterson, M.G., Babbs, T., Neal, C.R., Mahoney, J.J., Saunders, A.D., Duncan, R.A., Tolia, D., Mgu, R., Qopoto, C., Mahoa, H. & Natogga, D. 1998. Geological-tectonic framework of Solomon Islands, SW Pacific: crustal accretion and growth within an intra-oceanic setting. Tectonophysics 283, 1-33.
69. Pickett, E.A. 1994. Tectonic Evolution of the Palaeotethys Ocean in NW Turkey. PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh [unpublished].
70. Pickett, E.A. & Robertson, A.H.F. 1996. Formation of the Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic Karakaya Complex and related ophiolites in NW Turkey by Palaeotethyan subductionaccretion. Journal of the Geological Society, London 153, 995-1009.
71. Pickett, E.A. & Robertson, A.H.F. 2004. Significance of the volcanogenic Nilüfer Unit and related components of the Triassic Karakaya Complex for Tethyan subduction/accretion processes in NW Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 12, 97-144.
72. Pickett, E.A., Robertson, A.H.F. & Dixon, J.E. 1995. The Karakaya Complex, NW Turkey: a Palaeotethyan accretionary complex. In: Erler, A., Ercan, T., Bİngöl, E. & Örçen, S. (eds), Geology of the Black Sea Region. Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Geology of the Black Sea Region, September 7-11, 1992, Ankara, Turkey. Mineral Research and Exploration and Chamber of Geological Engineers.
73. Raymond, L.A. (ed) 1984. Melanges: Their Nature, Origin and Significance. Geological Society of America. Special Paper 198.
74. Robertson, A.H.F. 1994. Role of the tectonic facies concept in orogenic analysis and its application to Tethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Earth-Science Reviews 37, 139-213.
75. Robertson, A.H.F. 2000. Mesozoic-Tertiary tectono-sedimentary evolution of a south-Tethyan oceanic basin and its margins in southern Turkey. In: Bozkurt, E., Wİnchester J.A. & Pİper, J.D.A. (eds), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and Surrounding Area. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 173, 97-138.
76. Robertson, A.H.F. 2007. Overview of tectonic settings related to the rifting and opening of Mesozoic ocean basins in the Eastern Tethys: Oman, Himalayas and Eastern Mediterranean regions. In: Karner, G.D., Manatschal, G. & Pinheiro, L.M. (eds), Imaging, Mapping and Modelling Continental Lithosphere Extension and Breakup. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 282, 325-388.
77. Robertson, A.H.F., Dixon, J.E., Brown, S., Collins, A., Morris, A., Pickett, E.A., Sharp, I. & Ustaömer, T. 1996. Alternative tectonic models for the Late Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary development of Tethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region. In: Morris, A. & Tarling, D.H. (eds) Palaeomagnetism and Tectonics of the Mediterranean Region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 105, 239-263.
78. Robertson, A.H.F. & Ustaömer, T. 2009a. Formation of the Late Palaeozoic Konya Complex and comparable units in southern Turkey by subduction-accretion processes: implications for the tectonic development of Tethys in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Tectonophysics 473, 113-148.
79. Robertson, A.H.F. & Ustaömer, T. 2009b. Upper Palaeozoic subduction/accretion processes in the closure of Palaeotethys: evidence from Chios Melange (W Turkey) and the Teke Dere Unit (SW Turkey). Sedimentary Geology 220, 29-59.
80. Robertson, A.H.F., Ustaömer, T., Pickett, E.A., Collins, A.S. & Dixon, J.E. 2004. Testing models of Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic orogeny in W Turkey: Support for an evolving open- Tethys model. Journal of the Geological Society, London 161, 501-511.
81. Saner, S. 1977. Geyve-Osmaneli-Gölpazari{dotless}-Tarakli{dotless} Alani{dotless}n Jeolojisi: Eski Çökelmenin Evrimi [Geology of Geyve-Osmaneli- Gölpazari{dotless}-Tarakli{dotless} Region: Depositional Environments and the Evolution of Sedimentation]. PhD Thesis, İstanbul University [in Turkish with English abstract].
82. Saner, S. 1978. Geology and environments of deposition of Geyve- Osmaneli-Gölpazari{dotless}-Tarakli{dotless} area. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuasİ Seri B 43, 63-91.
83. Sayit, K. & Göncüoǧlu, M.C. 2009. Geochemistry of mafic rocks of the Karakaya complex, Turkey: evidence for plumeinvolvement in the Palaeotethyan extensional regime during the Middle and Late Triassic. International Journal of Earth Sciences 98, 367-385.
84. Şengör, A.M.C., Tüysüz, O., Imren, C., Sakinç, M., Eyidoǧan, H., Görür, N., Le Pichon, X. & Rangin, C. 2005. The North Anatolian Fault: a new look. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science Letters 33, 37-112.
85. Şengör, A.M.C. & Yilmaz, Y. 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 75, 181-241.
86. Şengör, A.M.C., Yilmaz, Y. & Sungurlu, O. 1984. Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature and evolution of the western termination of Palaeo-Tethys. In: Dixon, J.E. & Robertson, A.H.F. (eds), The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 17, 77-112.
87. Stampfli, G. 2000. Tethyan oceans. In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A. & Piper, J.D.A (eds), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 173, 1-23.
88. Stampfli, G.M. & Borel, G.D. 2002. A plate tectonic model for the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 169, 17-33.
89. Stampfli, G., Mosar, J., Faure, P., Pillevuit, A. & Vannay, J.- C. 2001. Permo-Mesozoic evolution of the Western Tethys realm: the Neotethys East Mediterranean basin connection. In: Ziegler, P., Cavazza, W., Robertson, A.H.F. & Crasquin-Soleau, S. (eds), Peri-Tethyan Rift /Wrench Basins and Passive Margins, Peri-Tethys Mémoir 5, Mémoires du musée national d'histoire naturelle, 51-108.
90. Tatar-Erkül, S., SözbIlIr, H., Erkül, F., Helvaci, C., Ersoy, Y. & Sümer, Ö. 2008. Geochemistry of I-type granitoids in the Karaburun Peninsula, West Turkey: evidence for Triassic continental arc magmatism following closure of the Palaeotethys. Island Arc 17, 394-418.
91. Taylor, B. 2006. The single largest oceanic plateau: Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241, 372-380.
92. TekelI, O. 1981. Subduction complex of pre-Jurassic age, northern Anatolia, Turkey. Geology 9, 68-72.
93. TImur, E. & Aksay, A. 2002. Geological Map of the Adapazarİ-H26 Quadrangle, 1:100,000 Scale. General Directorate of the Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
94. Topuz, G., Okay, A.I., Altherr, R., Schwartz, W. & Altinkaynak, L. 2010. Early Eocene overprint of a Permo-Triassic accretionary complex in the Eastern Pontides (Aǧvanis Massif). Tectonic Crossroads: Evolving Orogens of Eurasia- Africa-Arabia, American Geophysical Institute, Abstracts, p. 68.
95. Turhan, N., Okuyucu, C. & Göncüoǧlu, M.C. 2004. Autochthonous Upper Permian (Midian) carbonates in the western Sakaraya Composite Terrane. Geyve area, Turkey. Preliminary data. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 215-230.
96. Ustaömer, T. & Robertson, A.H.F. 1997. Tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the north Tethyan margin in the Central Pontides of northern Turkey. In: Robinson, A.G. (ed), Regional and Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea and Surrounding Region. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 68, 255-290.
97. Ustaömer, P.A., Ustaömer, T. & Robertson, A.H.F. 2010. Ion Probe U-Pb dating of the Central Sakarya basement: a peri-Gondwana terrane cut by late Lower Carboniferous subduction/collision related granitic magmatism. Geophysical Research Abstracts 12, European Geophysical Union 2010-5966.
98. Wiedmann, J., Kozur, H. & Kaya, O., l992. Faunas and age significance of the pre-Jurassic turbidite-olistostrome unit in the western parts of Turkey. Newsletter of Stratigraphy 26, 133-144.
99. Yilmaz, Y. 1979. Bilecik-Söǧüt bölgesinde polimetamorfizma ve bunlari{dotless}n jeotektonik anlamİ [Polymetamorphism and their tectonic meaning in the Bilecik-Söǧüt region]. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 22, 85-99.
100. Yilmaz, Y. 1981. Sakarya ki{dotless}tasi{dotless} güney kenari{dotless}ni{dotless}n tektonik evrimi [Tectonic evolution of the southern part of the Sakarya Continent]. Istanbul Yerbimleri 1, 33-52.
101. Yilmaz, Y. & Karacik, Z. 2001. Geology of the northern side of the Gulf of Edremit and its tectonic significance for the development of the Aegean Grabens. Geodinamica Acta 14, 31-43.