Zinc acetate/carrageenan gels exhibit potent activity in vivo against high-dose herpes simplex virus 2 vaginal and rectal challenge

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 358-368

  Fernández Romero, José A ^a   Abraham, Ciby J ^a   Rodriguez, Aixa ^a   Kizima, Larisa ^a   Jean Pierre, Ninochka ^a   Menon, Radhika ^a   Begay, Othell ^a   Seidor, Samantha ^a   Ford, Brian E ^a   Gil, Pedro I ^a   Peters, Jennifer ^b   Katz, David ^b   Robbiani, Melissa ^a   Zydowsky, Thomas M ^a  

^a POPULATION COUNCIL   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARRAGEENAN; HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE; PLACEBO; ZINC ACETATE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CELL VIABILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STABILITY; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; IN VITRO STUDY; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECTUM DISEASE; VAGINITIS;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CARRAGEENAN; DRUG STABILITY; FEMALE; GELS; HERPES GENITALIS; HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN; HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; MICE; MICE, INBRED BALB C; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; RECTUM; RHEOLOGY; SURVIVAL RATE; VAGINA; ZINC ACETATE;

EID: 84455161700     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: 10986596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.05461-11     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Abdool Karim Q, et al. 2010. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science 329:1168 -1174.
2. Abu-Raddad LJ, et al. 2008. Genital herpes has played a more important role than any other sexually transmitted infection in driving HIV prevalence in Africa. PLoS One 3:e2230.
3. Alexander TH, Davidson TM. 2006. Intranasal zinc and anosmia: the zinc-induced anosmia syndrome. Laryngoscope 116:217-220. (Pubitemid 44383926)
4. Arens M, Travis S. 2000. Zinc salts inactivate clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus in vitro. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:1758-1762. (Pubitemid 30253910)
5. Ashley RL. 1995. Herpes simplex viruses, p 375-395. In Schmidt NJ, Emmons RW (ed), Diagnostic procedures for viral, rickettsial, and chlamydial infections, 7th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
6. Berg JM, Shi Y. 1996. The galvanization of biology: a growing appreciation for the roles of zinc. Science 271:1081-1085. (Pubitemid 26075222)
7. Bourne N, et al. 2005. Efficacy and toxicity of zinc salts as candidate topical microbicides against vaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:1181-1183. (Pubitemid 40327743)
8. Chou TC. 2006. Theoretical basis, experimental design, and computerized simulation of synergism and antagonism in drug combination studies. Pharmacol. Rev. 58:621- 681.
9. Chvapil M, et al. 1979. Reaction of vaginal tissue of rabbits to inserted sponges made of various materials. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 13:1-13. (Pubitemid 9105594)
10. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 9. Accessed 14 November 2011. Animal Welfare Act and Regulation. Chapter 1. Subchapter A. Animals and animal products. http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/Rodents/rodents.htm.
11. Corey L. 2007. Herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV-1: the dialogue between the 2 organisms continues. J. Infect. Dis. 195:1242-1244. (Pubitemid 46649606)
12. Crostarosa F, et al. 2009. A macaque model to study vaginal HSV-2/immunodeficiency virus co-infection and the impact of HSV-2 on microbicide efficacy. PLoS One 4:e8060.
13. Cummins JE Jr, et al. 2007. Preclinical testing of candidate topical microbicides for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity and tissue toxicity in a human cervical explant culture. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:1770 -1779.
14. Fahim MS, Wang M. 1996. Zinc acetate and lyophilized aloe barbadensis as vaginal contraceptive. Contraception 53:231-236. (Pubitemid 26118152)
15. Fernández-Romero JA, et al. 2007. Carrageenan/MIV-150 (PC-815), a combination microbicide. Sex. Transm. Dis. 34:9-14. (Pubitemid 46041501)
16. Food and Nutrient Board, Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
17. Foss AM, Vickerman PT, Heise L, Watts CH. 2003. Shifts in condom use following microbicide introduction: should we be concerned? AIDS 17:1227-1237. (Pubitemid 36675364)
18. Freeman EE, et al. 2006. Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. AIDS 20:73- 83.
19. Geist FC, Bateman JA, Hayden FG. 1987. In vitro activity of zinc salts against human rhinoviruses. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31:622-624. (Pubitemid 17054351)
20. Haraguchi Y, Sakurai H, Hussain S, Anner BM, Hoshino H. 1999. Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by zinc group metal compounds. Antiviral Res. 43:123-133. (Pubitemid 29415659)
21. Hirano T, et al. 2008. Roles of zinc and zinc signaling in immunity: zinc as an intracellular signaling molecule. Adv. Immunol. 97:149-176. (Pubitemid 351697819)
22. Kapiga SH, et al. 2007. The role of herpes simplex virus type 2 and other genital infections in the acquisition of HIV-1 among high-risk women in northern Tanzania. J. Infect. Dis. 195:1260-1269. (Pubitemid 46649610)
23. Kenney J, et al. 2011. An antiretroviral/zinc combination gel provides 24 hours of complete protection against vaginal SHIV infection in macaques. PLoS One 6:e15835.
24. Kieweg SL, Katz DF. 2006. Squeezing flows of vaginal gel formulations relevant to microbicide drug delivery. J. Biomech. Eng. 128:540-553. (Pubitemid 44187314)
25. Kilmarx PH, et al. 2008. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and acceptability of use of Carraguard vaginal gel by heterosexual couples in Thailand. Sex. Transm. Dis. 35:226 -232.
26. Kilmarx PH, et al. 2006. Safety and acceptability of the candidate microbicide Carraguard in Thai Women: findings from a phase II clinical trial. J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. 43:327-334. (Pubitemid 44674014)
27. Kumel G, Schrader S, Zentgraf H, Daus H, Brendel M. 1990. The mechanism of the antiherpetic activity of zinc sulphate. J. Gen. Virol. 71:2989-2997.
28. Lai BE, et al. 2008. Dilution of microbicide gels with vaginal fluid and semen simulants: effect on rheological properties and coating flow. J. Pharm. Sci. 97:1030-1038. (Pubitemid 351293901)
29. 2+ ions in host-virus interactions. J. Virol. 82:11486-11494.
30. Maguire RA, Bergman N, Phillips DM. 2001. Comparison of microbicides for efficacy in protecting mice against vaginal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2, cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, and sperm immobilization. Sex. Transm. Dis. 28:259-265. (Pubitemid 32402143)
31. Reference deleted.
32. Maguire RA, Zacharopoulos VR, Phillips DM. 1998. Carrageenan-based nonoxynol-9 spermicides for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Sex. Transm. Dis. 25:494 -500.
33. Mahalingam A, et al. 2010. Design of a semisolid vaginal microbicide gel by relating composition to properties and performance. Pharm. Res. 27:2478-2491.
34. Marais D, et al. 22 August 2011, posting date. The effectiveness of Carraguard, a vaginal microbicide, in protecting women against high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Antiviral Ther. doi:10.3851/IMP1890.
35. Martin S, et al. 2010. Carraguard acceptability among men and women in a couples study in Thailand. J. Womens Health (Larchmt.). 19:1561-1567.
36. McDermott MR, et al. 1984. Immunity in the female genital tract after intravaginal vaccination of mice with an attenuated strain of herpes simplex virus type 2. J. Virol. 51:747-753. (Pubitemid 14063152)
37. McLean CA, et al. 2010. HIV genital shedding and safety of Carraguard use by HIV-infected women: a crossover trial in Thailand. AIDS 24:717-722.
38. Mesquita PM, et al. 2009. Disruption of tight junctions by cellulose sulfate facilitates HIV infection: model of microbicide safety. J. Infect. Dis. 200:599-608.
39. National Research Council. 2010. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
40. Owen DH, Katz DF. 1999. A vaginal fluid simulant. Contraception 59:91-95. (Pubitemid 29244754)
41. Prasad AS. 2008. Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells. Mol. Med. 14:353-357. (Pubitemid 351785709)
42. Prasad AS, Beck FW, Bao B, Snell D, Fitzgerald JT. 2008. Duration and severity of symptoms and levels of plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, and adhesion molecules in patients with common cold treated with zinc acetate. J. Infect. Dis. 197:795-802. (Pubitemid 351417001)
43. Roberts JN, et al. 2007. Genital transmission of HPV in a mouse model is potentiated by nonoxynol-9 and inhibited by carrageenan. Nat. Med. 13:857-861. (Pubitemid 47038188)
44. Skoler-Karpoff S, et al. 2008. Efficacy of Carraguard for prevention of HIV infection in women in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 372:1977-1987.
45. Suara RO, Crowe JE Jr. 2004. Effect of zinc salts on respiratory syncytial virus replication. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48:783-790. (Pubitemid 38280325)
46. Szeri AJ, Park SC, Verguet S, Weiss A, Katz DF. 2008. A model of transluminal flow of an anti-HIV microbicide vehicle: combined elastic squeezing and gravitational sliding. Phys. Fluids 20:83101.
47. Thanasarakhan W, Liawruangrath S, Wangkarn S, Liawruangrath B. 2007. Sequential injection spectrophotometric determination of zinc(II) in pharmaceuticals based on zinc(II)-PAN in non-ionic surfactant medium. Talanta 71:1849 -1855.
48. Tien D, et al. 2005. In vitro and in vivo characterization of a potential universal placebo designed for use in vaginal microbicide clinical trials. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21:845- 853.
49. Turville SG, et al. 2008. Efficacy of Carraguard-based microbicides in vivo despite variable in vitro activity. PLoS One 3:e3162.
50. Whitehead SJ, et al. 2006. Acceptability of Carraguard vaginal gel use among Thai couples. AIDS 20:2141-2148. (Pubitemid 44684704)
51. Wilson SS, et al. 2009. Susceptibility to genital herpes as a biomarker predictive of increased HIV risk: expansion of a murine model of microbicide safety. Antivir. Ther. 14:1113-1124.
52. Yamasaki S, et al. 2007. Zinc is a novel intracellular second messenger. J. Cell Biol. 177:637-645. (Pubitemid 46799835)
53. Zacharopoulos VR, Phillips DM. 1997. Vaginal formulations of carrageenan protect mice from herpes simplex virus infection. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 4:465-468. (Pubitemid 27321781)
54. Zhang ZY, et al. 1991. Zinc inhibition of renin and the protease from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Biochemistry 30:8717-8721.