Determinants of inappropriate timing of introducing solid, semi-solid or soft food to infants in Pakistan: Secondary data analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007

Maternal and Child Nutrition

Volumn 8, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2012, Pages 78-88

  Hazir, Tabish ^a   Senarath, Upul ^b   Agho, Kingsley ^c   Akram, Dure Samin ^d   Kazmi, Narjis ^a   Abbasi, Saleem ^a   Dibley, Michael J ^e  

^a Children Hospital Islamabad   (Pakistan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO   (Sri Lanka)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

^d Health Education and Literacy Program   (Pakistan)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Complementary feeding; Infant and young child; Semi solids or soft food; Solids; Timeliness; Weaning

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BABY FOOD; CHILD CARE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; INFANT; INFANT FEEDING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PAKISTAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEMI SOLID FOOD; SOFT FOOD; SOLID FOOD;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; BOTTLE FEEDING; BREAST FEEDING; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT CARE; INFANT FOOD; INFANT NUTRITION DISORDERS; MALE; MATERNAL AGE; MOTHERS; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITIVE VALUE; PAKISTAN; POVERTY; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; WEANING;

EID: 83755224832     PISSN: 17408695     EISSN: 17408709     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00383.x     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Batal M., Boulghourjian C. & Akik C. (2010) Complementary feeding patterns in a developing country: a cross-sectional study across Lebanon. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 16, 180-186.
2. Coulthard H., Harris G. & Emmett P. (2009) Delayed introduction of lumpy foods to children during the complementary feeding period affects child's food acceptance and feeding at 7 years of age. Maternal & Child Nutrition 5, 75-85.
3. Daelmans B., Dewey K. & Arimond M. (2009) New and updated indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 30, S256-S262.
4. Davies-Adetugbo A.A. & Adetugbo K. (1997) Effect of early complementary feeding on nutritional status in term infants in rural Nigeria. Nutrition and Health 12, 25-31.
5. Dewey K.G. (2001) Nutrition, growth, and complementary feeding of the breastfed infant. Pediatric Clinics of North America 48, 87-104.
6. Dibley M.J., Roy S.K., Senarath U., Patel A., Tiwari K., Agho K.E. etal. (2010) Across-country comparisons of selected infant and young child feeding indicators and associated factors in four South Asian countries. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 31, 366-375.
7. Filmer D. & Pritchett L.H. (2001) Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data - or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography 38, 115-132.
8. Government of Pakistan (2005) Pakistan Milleniun Development Goals Report 2005. Available at: (Accessed 24 September 2011).
9. Imdad A., Yakoob M.Y. & Bhutta Z.A. (2011) Impact of maternal education about complementary feeding and provision of complementary foods on child growth in developing countries. BMC Public Health 11 (Suppl. 3), S25.
10. Joshi N., Agho K.E., Tiwari K. & Dibley M.J. (2011) Determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in young children in Nepal: secondary data analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2006. (under consideration in the same supplement).
11. Kabir I., Roy S.K., Khanam M., Alam A., Agho K.E., Mihrshahi S. etal. (2011) Determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in infant and young children in Bangladesh: secondary data analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2007. (under consideration in the same supplement).
12. Kalanda B.F., Verhoeff F.H. & Brabin B.J. (2006) Breast and complementary feeding practices in relation to morbidity and growth in Malawian infants. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 401-407.
13. Khadivzadeh T. & Parsai S. (2004) Effect of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding on infant growth and morbidity. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 10, 289-294.
14. Liaqat P., Rizvi M.A., Qayyum A. & Ahmed H. (2007) Association between complementary feeding practice and mothers education status in Islamabad. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics: the Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association 20, 340-344.
15. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007. Islamabad, Pakistan (2008) National Institute of Population Studies(NIPS) [Pakistan] and MacroInternational Inc.
16. Pan American Health Organization & World Health Organization (2003) Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child. Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization: Washington, DC/Geneva, Switzerland.
17. Patel A., Pusdekar Y., Badhoniya N., Borkar J., Agho K.E. & Dibley M.J. (2011) Determinants of Inappropriate Complementary Feeding Practices in young children in India: secondary Analysis of National Family Health Survey 2005-2006. (under consideration in the same supplement).
18. Schiess S., Grote V., Scaglioni S., Luque V., Martin F., Stolarczyk A. etal. (2010) Introduction of complementary feeding in 5 European countries. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 50, 92-98.
19. Scott J.A., Binns C.W., Graham K.I. & Oddy W.H. (2009) Predictors of the early introduction of solid foods in infants: results of a cohort study. BMC Pediatrics 9, 60-68.
20. Senarath U., Siriwardena I., Godakandage S.P., Jayawickrama H., Hossain M. & Dibley M.J. (2011) Determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in young children: secondary data analysis of Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007. Maternal and Child Nutrition 8 (Suppl. 1), 60-77.
21. Shi L. & Zhang J. (2010) Recent evidence of the effectiveness of educational interventions for improving complementary feeding practices in developing countries. J Trop Pediatr 57, 91-98.
22. WHO (1989) Physiological development of the infant and its implications for complementary feeding. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 67 (Suppl.), 55-67.
23. WHO (1991) Indicators for assessing breast-feeding practices: report of an informal meeting (No. WHO/CDD/SER/91.14). Geneva: World Health Organization.
24. WHO (2002) Infant and Young Child Nutrition; Global Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding. (No. Resolution WHA55/15). WHO: Geneva.
25. WHO, UNICEF, IFPRI, UC Davis, FANTA, AED etal. (2010). Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices. World Health Organization: Geneva.
26. Zaman S., Ashraf R.N. & Martines J. (2008) Training in complementary feeding counselling of healthcare workers and its influence on maternal behaviours and child growth: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 26, 210-222.