A decade of implementing water services reform in Zambia: Review of outcomes, challenges and opportunities

Water Alternatives

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 279-300

  Chitonge, Horman ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Commercialisation; Low income areas; Water services reforms; Water utilities; Zambia

Indexed keywords

COMMERCIALIZATION; HOUSEHOLD INCOME; INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; LOW INCOME POPULATION; POLICY IMPLEMENTATION; POLICY REFORM; WATER INDUSTRY; WATER PLANNING; WATER RELATIONS; WATER SUPPLY;

ZAMBIA;

EID: 83755178869     PISSN: 19650175     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. African Development Fund (ADFP). 2006. National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (NRWSSP): Zambian Appraisal Report. Tunis: African Development Fund.
2. Baietti, A.; Kongdom, W. and Ginneken, M. 2006. Characteristics of well-performing public water utilities. Water Supply and Sanitation Working Notes, Note No. 9. www.worldbank.org/watsan (accessed 13 August 2010)
3. Banerjee, S.; Foster, V.; Ying, Y.; Heath, S. and Wodon, Q. 2008. Cost recovery, equity and efficiency in water tariffs: Evidence from African utilities. Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic, Working Paper No. 7. Washington, DC: World Bank.
4. Bayliss, K. 2003. Utility privatisation in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of water. Journal of Modern African Studies 41(4): 507-531.
5. Bayliss, K. and McKinley, T. 2007. Privatising basic utilities in sub-Saharan Africa: The MDG impact. UNDP Research Brief No. 3. Brasilia: International Poverty Center, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
6. Bond, P. 2004. Water commodification and decommodification narratives: Pricing and policy debates from Johannesburg to Kyoto to Cancun and back. Capitalism Nature Socialism 15(1): 7-25.
7. Bond, P.; McDonald, D. and Ruiters, G. 2002. Water privatisation in SADC: The state of the debate. Municipal Services Project Paper Series. www.queensu.ca/msp (accessed 18 June 2007)
8. Brinceno-Garmendia, C.; Smits, K. and Foster, V. 2008. Financing public infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa: Patterns and emerging issues. Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD). Background Paper No. 15. Washington, DC: World Bank.
9. Central Statistical Office (CSO). 2010 Population census preliminary results. www.cso.zm (accessed 19 June 2011)
10. Central Statistics Office (CSO). 2005. Living conditions monitoring survey report 2004. Lusaka: Lusaka: CSO.
11. Central Statistical Office (CSO). 2010. Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report 2006. Lusaka: CSO.
12. Chitonge, H. 2007. Service providers interviews on CD.
13. Chitonge, H. 2010. Who is cross-subsidising whom? Water supply cross-subsidisation policy, practice and lessons from Zambia. Journal of Modern African Studies 48(4): 599-625.
14. Chola, P. 2003. Integrated water resource management in Zambia. Paper presented at the National Stakeholder Consultation Forum, Water Resource Action Programme, Lusaka, 17-18 November 2003.
15. Cocq, K. 2005. There is still no alternative: The beginning of water privatisation in Lusaka. In McDonald, D. and Ruiters, G. (Eds), The age of commodity: Water privatisation in southern Africa, pp. 240-257. London: Earthscan.
16. Craig, J. 2000. Evaluating privatisation in Zambia: A tale of two processes. Review of African Political Economy 85: 357-366.
17. Dagdeviren, H. 2008. Waiting for miracles: The commercialisation of urban water services in Zambia. Development and Change 39(1): 101-121.
18. Dahan, M. and Nisan, U. 2007. Unintended consequences of increasing block tariffs under increasing block rates for water. Water Resources Research 43(3): 1-10.
19. Devolution Trust Fund (DTF). 2004. Water for the urban poor in Zambia: Water kiosks in peri-urban and low-cost areas. An evaluation report on two DTF pilot projects in Kitwe and Chingola, January 2005. Lusaka: DTF/NWASCO.
20. DTF. 2006. Aquatic information system: Water and sanitation on the urban poor (DVD). Lusaka: DTF.
21. Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development, January 12, 1992. Dublin, Ireland. www.un-documents.net/h2o-dub.htm (accessed 17 June 2010)
22. Estache, A. and Rossi, M. 2002. How different is the efficiency of public and private water companies in Asia? World Bank Economic Review 16(1): 139-148.
23. Foster, V. 2005. Ten years of water service reform in Latin America: Toward an Anglo-French model. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Board Discussion Paper Series, No. 3. Washington, DC: World Bank.
24. Fundanga, C. and Mwaba, A. 1996. Privatization of public enterprises in Zambia: An evaluation of policies, procedures and experiences. Economic Research Papers No. 35. Tunis: African Development Bank.
25. GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit). (2004). Sharing the experience on regulation in the Water Sector: SOWAS-Sub-Saharan Africa. Lusaka: GTZ.
26. Hall, D. and Lobina, E. 2006. Pipe dream: The failure of the private sector to invest in water services in developing countries. PSIRU/PSI/WDM. www.wdm.org.uk (accessed 17 November 2006)
27. Harvey, D. 2000. Spaces of hope. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
28. Harvey, D. 2005. A brief history of neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Howard, R. and Bartram, J. 2003. Domestic water quantity, services and health. Geneva: WHO.
30. HDR (Human Development Report). 2006. Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. New York: United Nations Development Programme. http://hrd.undp.org (accessed 23 July 2007)
31. IBNET (International Benchmarking Network). 2009. IBNET toolkit indicators. www.ib-net.org (accessed 12 November 2010)
32. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2004. Public-private partnerships. www.imf.org (accessed 20 October 2010)
33. Kauffmann, C. and Perard, E. 2007. Stocktaking of the water and sanitation sector and private sector involvement in selected African countries. A Background note prepared for the Regional Roundtable on Strengthening Investment Assessment and Reform in NEPAD Countries, 27-28 November, 2007, Lusaka, Zambia.
34. Komives, K.; Foster, V.; Halpern, J. and Wodon, Q. with support from Roohi, A. 2005. Water, electricity and the poor: Who benefits from utility subsidies? Washington DC: World Bank.
35. Marin, P.; Fall, M. and Ouibiga, H. 2010. Corporatising a water utility: A successful case using performance-based service contract for ONEA in Burkina Faso. Gridlines 53: 1-4.
36. McDonald, D. and Ruiters, G. 2005. Introduction. In McDonald, D. and Ruiters, G. (Eds), The age of commodity: Water privatisation in southern Africa, pp. 1-42. London: Earthscan.
37. NWASCO (National Water and Sanitation Council). 2002. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2001/02. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 15 August 2006)
38. NWASCO. 2003. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2002/03. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 15 August 2006).
39. NWASCO. 2004a. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2003/04. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 7 November 2010).
40. NWASCO. 2004b. Regulatory tools and legislation: Regulating water supply and sanitation. Lusaka: NWASCO.
41. NWASCO. 2005. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2004/05. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 7 November 2010).
42. NWASCO. 2006. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2005/06. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 7 November 2010).
43. NWASCO. 2007a. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2006/07. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 7 November 2010).
44. NWASCO. 2007b. Tariff impact assessment final report. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 27 November 2010).
45. NWASCO. 2008. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2007/08. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 7 November 2010).
46. NWASCO. 2009. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2008/09. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 7 November 2010).
47. NWASCO. 2010. Urban and peri-urban water supply and sanitation sector report 2009/10. Lusaka: NWASCO. www.nwasco.zm (accessed 7 November 2010).
48. NWASCO Website New www.nwasco.org.zm/news (accessed 7 November 2010).
49. Peet, R. 2009. Unholy trinity: The IMF, World Bank and WTO. Second Edition. London/New York: Zed Books.
50. Queensland Treasury. 1994. Commercialisation of government service function in Queensland: Policy framework. Brisbane: Budget Division. www.qca.org.au (accessed 29 March 2008)
51. Rees, J.; Penny, J. and Hall, A. 2008. Water financing and governance. Stockholm: Global Water Partnership.
52. Republic of Zambia (GRZ). 1994. National water policy (1994. Lusaka: Ministry of Energy and Water Development, GRZ.
53. Republic of Zambia (GRZ). 1998. National Water Act No. 108 of 1998.
54. Republic of Zambia (GRZ). 2003. National Decentralisation Policy. Cabinet Office: Lusaka (GRZ).
55. Republic of Zambia (GRZ). 2003. Report on the National Water Resources Action Programme (WRAP) Consultative Forum: The Proposed Institutional and Legal Framework for the Use, Development and Management of Water Resources. Ministry of Energy and Water Development.
56. Republic of Zambia (GRZ). 2004. Second PRSP implementation progress report, July 2003-June 2004. Lusaka: Ministry of Finance and National Planning.
57. Republic of Zambia (GRZ). 2005. Zambia Water Resource Management Sector Report 2004. Lusaka: Water Resource Action Programme, Ministry of Energy and Water Development.
58. Republic of Zambia (GRZ). 2006. Fifth National Development Plan 2006-2011. Lusaka: Ministry of Finance.
59. Shirley, M. 1999. Bureaucrats in business: The roles of privatisation versus corporatisation in state-owned enterprises. World Development 27(1): 115-136.
60. Simutanyi, N. 1996. The politics of structural adjustment in Zambia. Third World Quarterly 17(4): 825-839.
61. Smith, L. 2003. The murky waters of the second water of neoliberalism: Corporatisation as a service delivery model in Cape Town. Geoforum 35(3): 375-393.
62. Swyngedouw, E. 2005. Dispossessing H2O: The contested terrain of water privatization. Capitalism Nature Socialism 16(1): 81-98.
63. Thynne, I. 2003. Making Sense of Organizations in Public Management: A Back-to-Basics Approach. Public Organization Review 3(3): 317-332.
64. Tynan, N. and Kingdom, B. 2002. A water scorecard: Public policy for the private sector. Private sector and infrastructure network. Note Number 242. New York: World Bank.
65. United Nations Conference on Evironment and Development (UNCED, 1992). The Earth Summit: Agenda 21. Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992. www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/Agenda21.pdf (accessed 09 July 2007)
66. UNDP. 2007. The human development report 2006: Beyond scarcity, power and poverty in global water crisis. www.undp.org/hdr2007 (accessed 17 January 2007)
67. Water Aid Zambia. 2009. Country programme evaluation. www.wateraid.org (accessed 17 February 2010)
68. White. H. 1997. Zambia in the 1990s as a case of adjustment in Africa. Africa Development Review 9(2): 56-87.
69. African Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD). 2010. Water Supply and Sanitation Survey Database, 895. www.infrastructureafrica.org (accessed 3 November 2010).
70. World Bank. 2010. DataBank. www.worldbank.org/databank (accessed 19 November 2010).
71. Yarrow, G. 1999. A theory of privatisation, or why bureaucrats are still in business. World Development 27(1): 157-168.