Illuminating the landscape of host-pathogen interactions with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 108, Issue 49, 2011, Pages 19484-19491

  Cossart, Pascale ^a,b,c  

^a INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

^b INSERM   (France)

^c CEMAGREF   (France)

Author keywords

Bacterial invasion; Epigenetics; Mitochondria; Posttranslational modifications

Indexed keywords

CLATHRIN; I KAPPA B KINASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERFERON; LISTERIOLYSIN O; SCATTER FACTOR; UVOMORULIN;

ARTICLE; AUTOPHAGY; BACTERIAL GENOME; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BIOFILM; CELL INVASION; CELL MOTILITY; CELL SPREADING; CELL VACUOLE; CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY; EPIGENETICS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE LOCUS; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOMICS; HISTONE MODIFICATION; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; IMMUNE EVASION; INNATE IMMUNITY; LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; LISTERIOSIS; MITOCHONDRION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR REPROGRAMMING; PLANKTON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROCESSING; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; SUMOYLATION;

ANIMALS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; GENOME, BACTERIAL; GENOMICS; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; LISTERIOSIS; VIRULENCE;

EID: 83755177932     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1112371108     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Murray EGD, Webb RA, Swann HBR (1926) A disease of rabbits characterized by a large mononuclear leucoytosis caused by a hitherto undescribed bacillus Bacterium monocytogenes (n.sp.). J Pathol Bacteriol 29:407-439.
2. Schlech WF, 3rd, et al. (1983) Epidemic listeriosis-evidence for transmission by food. N Engl J Med 308:203-206.
3. Dussurget O, Pizarro-Cerda J, Cossart P (2004) Molecular determinants of Listeria monocytogenes virulence. Annu Rev Microbiol 58:587-610. (Pubitemid 39551998)
4. Lecuit M (2007) Human listeriosis and animal models. Microbes Infect 9:1216-1225.
5. Cossart P, Toledo-Arana A (2008) Listeria monocytogenes, a unique model in infection biology: An overview. Microbes Infect 10:1041-1050.
6. Hamon M, Bierne H, Cossart P (2006) Listeria monocytogenes: A multifaceted model. Nat Rev Microbiol 4:423-434. (Pubitemid 43771862)
7. Stavru F, Archambaud C, Cossart P (2011) Cell biology and immunology of Listeria monocytogenes infections: Novel insights. Immunol Rev 240:160-184.
8. Leclercq A, et al. (2010) Listeria rocourtiae sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60: 2210-2214.
9. Graves LM, et al. (2010) Listeria marthii sp. nov., isolated from the natural environment, Finger Lakes National Forest. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1280-1288.
10. Piffaretti JC, et al. (1989) Genetic characterization of clones of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes causing epidemic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:3818-3822.
11. Rasmussen OF, Beck T, Olsen JE, Dons L, Rossen L (1991) Listeria monocytogenes isolates can be classified into two major types according to the sequence of the listeriolysin gene. Infect Immun 59:3945-3951.
12. Graves LM, et al. (1994) Comparison of ribotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolates. J Clin Microbiol 32: 2936-2943. (Pubitemid 24363992)
13. Brosch R, Chen J, Luchansky JB (1994) Pulsed-field fingerprinting of listeriae: Identification of genomic divisions for Listeria monocytogenes and their correlation with serovar. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:2584-2592. (Pubitemid 24205763)
14. Wiedmann M, et al. (1997) Ribotypes and virulence gene polymorphisms suggest three distinct Listeria monocytogenes lineages with differences in pathogenic potential. Infect Immun 65:2707-2716. (Pubitemid 27264098)
15. Doumith M, et al. (2004) New aspects regarding evolution and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes revealed by comparative genomics and DNA arrays. Infect Immun 72:1072-1083. (Pubitemid 38166690)
16. Ragon M, et al. (2008) A new perspective on Listeria monocytogenes evolution. PLoS Pathog 4:e1000146.
17. Glaser P, et al. (2001) Comparative genomics of Listeria species. Science 294:849-852. (Pubitemid 33032102)
18. Gouin E, Mengaud J, Cossart P (1994) The virulence gene cluster of Listeria monocytogenes is also present in Listeria ivanovii, an animal pathogen, and Listeria seeligeri, a nonpathogenic species. Infect Immun 62:3550-3553. (Pubitemid 24232146)
19. Hain T, et al. (2006) Whole-genome sequence of Listeria welshimeri reveals common steps in genome reduction with Listeria innocua as compared to Listeria monocytogenes. J Bacteriol 188:7405-7415. (Pubitemid 44646239)
20. Steinweg C, et al. (2010) Complete genome sequence of Listeria seeligeri, a nonpathogenic member of the genus Listeria. J Bacteriol 192:1473-1474.
21. den Bakker HC, et al. (2010) Comparative genomics of the bacterial genus Listeria: Genome evolution is characterized by limited gene acquisition and limited gene loss. BMC Genomics 11:688.
22. Lemon KP, Freitag NE, Kolter R (2010) The virulence regulator PrfA promotes biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes. J Bacteriol 192:3969-3976.
23. Dell'Era S, et al. (2009) Listeria monocytogenes L-forms respond to cell wall deficiency by modifying gene expression and the mode of division. Mol Microbiol 73: 306-322.
24. de las Heras A, Cain RJ, Bielecka MK, Vázquez-Boland JA (2011) Regulation of Listeria virulence: PrfA master and commander. Curr Opin Microbiol 14:118-127.
25. Johansson J, et al. (2002) An RNA thermosensor controls expression of virulence genes in Listeria monocytogenes. Cell 110:551-561. (Pubitemid 35247836)
26. Herro R, et al. (2005) How seryl-phosphorylated HPr inhibits PrfA, a transcription activator of Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 9: 224-234. (Pubitemid 43100083)
27. Milohanic E, et al. (2003) Transcriptome analysis of Listeria monocytogenes identifies three groups of genes differently regulated by PrfA. Mol Microbiol 47:1613-1625. (Pubitemid 36363343)
28. Mandin P, et al. (2005) VirR, a response regulator critical for Listeria monocytogenes virulence. Mol Microbiol 57:1367-1380. (Pubitemid 41176529)
29. Thedieck K, et al. (2006) The MprF protein is required for lysinylation of phospholipids in listerial membranes and confers resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) on Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 62:1325-1339. (Pubitemid 44707197)
30. Ledala N, Sengupta M, Muthaiyan A, Wilkinson BJ, Jayaswal RK (2010) Transcriptomic response of Listeria monocytogenes to iron limitation and Fur mutation. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:406-416.
31. Riedel CU, et al. (2009) AgrD-dependent quorum sensing affects biofilm formation, invasion, virulence and global gene expression profiles in Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 71:1177-1189.
32. Rieu A, Weidmann S, Garmyn D, Piveteau P, Guzzo J (2007) Agr system of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e: Role in adherence and differential expression pattern. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:6125-6133. (Pubitemid 47548021)
33. Toledo-Arana A, et al. (2009) The Listeria transcriptional landscape from saprophytism to virulence. Nature 459:950-956.
34. Christiansen JK, et al. (2006) Identification of small Hfq-binding RNAs in Listeria monocytogenes. RNA 12:1383-1396. (Pubitemid 43990562)
35. Mandin P, Repoila F, Vergassola M, Geissmann T, Cossart P (2007) Identification of new noncoding RNAs in Listeria monocytogenes and prediction of mRNA targets. Nucleic Acids Res 35:962-974. (Pubitemid 46344721)
36. Oliver HF, et al. (2009) Deep RNA sequencing of L. monocytogenes reveals overlapping and extensive stationary phase and sigma B-dependent transcriptomes, including multiple highly transcribed noncoding RNAs. BMC Genomics 10:641.
37. Mraheil MA, et al. (2011) The intracellular sRNA transcriptome of Listeria monocytogenes during growth in macrophages. Nucleic Acids Res 39:4235-4238.
38. Loh E, et al. (2009) A trans-acting riboswitch controls expression of the virulence regulator PrfA in Listeria monocytogenes. Cell 139:770-779.
39. Garner MR, Njaa BL, Wiedmann M, Boor KJ (2006) Sigma B contributes to Listeria monocytogenes gastrointestinal infection but not to systemic spread in the guinea pig infection model. Infect Immun 74:876-886. (Pubitemid 43185520)
40. Gahan CG, Hill C (2005) Gastrointestinal phase of Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Appl Microbiol 98:1345-1353. (Pubitemid 40813521)
41. Gründling A, Burrack LS, Bouwer HG, Higgins DE (2004) Listeria monocytogenes regulates flagellar motility gene expression through MogR, a transcriptional repressor required for virulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:12318-12323. (Pubitemid 39145441)
42. Mauder N, Williams T, Fritsch F, Kuhn M, Beier D (2008) Response regulator DegU of Listeria monocytogenes controls temperature-responsive flagellar gene expression in its unphosphorylated state. J Bacteriol 190:4777-4781. (Pubitemid 351898997)
43. Kamp HD, Higgins DE (2009) Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the GmaR antirepressor governs temperature-dependent control of flagellar motility in Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 74:421-435.
44. Shen A, Kamp HD, Gründling A, Higgins DE (2006) A bifunctional O-GlcNAc transferase governs flagellar motility through anti-repression. Genes Dev 20:3283-3295. (Pubitemid 44904850)
45. Way SS, et al. (2004) Characterization of flagellin expression and its role in Listeria monocytogenes infection and immunity. Cell Microbiol 6:235-242. (Pubitemid 38248007)
46. Shen A, Higgins DE (2006) The MogR transcriptional repressor regulates nonhierarchal expression of flagellar motility genes and virulence in Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 2:e30.
47. Schnupf P, Portnoy DA (2007) Listeriolysin O: A phagosome-specific lysin. Microbes Infect 9:1176-1187. (Pubitemid 47375145)
48. Gaillard JL, Berche P, Frehel C, Gouin E, Cossart P (1991) Entry of L. monocytogenes into cells is mediated by internalin, a repeat protein reminiscent of surface antigens from gram-positive cocci. Cell 65:1127-1141. (Pubitemid 121001327)
49. Dramsi S, et al. (1995) Entry of Listeria monocytogenes into hepatocytes requires expression of inIB, a surface protein of the internalin multigene family. Mol Microbiol 16:251-261.
50. Bierne H, Cossart P (2002) InlB, a surface protein of Listeria monocytogenes that behaves as an invasin and a growth factor. J Cell Sci 115:3357-3367. (Pubitemid 34994027)
51. Rajabian T, et al. (2009) The bacterial virulence factor InlC perturbs apical cell junctions and promotes cell-to-cell spread of Listeria. Nat Cell Biol 11:1212-1218.
52. Gouin E, et al. (2010) The Listeria monocytogenes InlC protein interferes with innate immune responses by targeting the IkappaB kinase subunit IKKalpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:17333-17338.
53. Portnoy DA, Jacks PS, Hinrichs DJ (1988) Role of hemolysin for the intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes. J Exp Med 167:1459-1471.
54. Birmingham CL, et al. (2008) Listeriolysin O allows Listeria monocytogenes replication in macrophage vacuoles. Nature 451:350-354.
55. Dramsi S, Cossart P (2003) Listeriolysin O-mediated calcium influx potentiates entry of Listeria monocytogenes into the human Hep-2 epithelial cell line. Infect Immun 71:3614-3618. (Pubitemid 36637592)
56. Hamon MA, et al. (2007) Histone modifications induced by a family of bacterial toxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:13467-13472. (Pubitemid 47293968)
57. Hamon MA, Cossart P (2011) K+ efflux, is required for histone-H3 dephosphorylation by Listeria LLO and other pore forming toxins. Infect Immun 79:2839-2846.
58. Ribet D, et al. (2010) Listeria monocytogenes impairs SUMOylation for efficient infection. Nature 464:1192-1195.
59. Stavru F, Bouillaud F, Sartori A, Ricquier D, Cossart P (2011) Listeria monocytogenes transiently alters mitochondrial dynamics during infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:3612-3617.
60. Gouin E, Welch MD, Cossart P (2005) Actin-based motility of intracellular pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 8:35-45. (Pubitemid 40203224)
61. Yoshikawa Y, et al. (2009) Listeria monocytogenes ActA-mediated escape from autophagic recognition. Nat Cell Biol 11:1233-1240.
62. Bierne H, Sabet C, Personnic N, Cossart P (2007) Internalins: A complex family of leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins in Listeria monocytogenes. Microbes Infect 9: 1156-1166. (Pubitemid 47375143)
63. Sabet C, et al. (2008) The Listeria monocytogenes virulence factor InlJ is specifically expressed in vivo and behaves as an adhesin. Infect Immun 76:1368-1378. (Pubitemid 351561982)
64. Personnic N, et al. (2010) The stress-induced virulence protein InlH controls interleukin- 6 production during murine listeriosis. Infect Immun 78:1979-1989.
65. Dortet L, et al. (2011) Recruitment of the major vault protein by InlK: A Listeria monocytogenes strategy to avoid autophagy. PLoS Pathog 7:e1002168.
66. Dussurget O, et al.; European Listeria Genome Consortium (2002) Listeria monocytogenes bile salt hydrolase is a PrfA-regulated virulence factor involved in the intestinal and hepatic phases of listeriosis. Mol Microbiol 45:1095-1106. (Pubitemid 35007451)
67. Cabanes D, Dussurget O, Dehoux P, Cossart P (2004) Auto, a surface associated autolysin of Listeria monocytogenes required for entry into eukaryotic cells and virulence. Mol Microbiol 51:1601-1614. (Pubitemid 38406535)
68. Cabanes D, et al. (2005) Gp96 is a receptor for a novel Listeria monocytogenes virulence factor, Vip, a surface protein. EMBO J 24:2827-2838. (Pubitemid 41170031)
69. Archambaud C, Gouin E, Pizarro-Cerda J, Cossart P, Dussurget O (2005) Translation elongation factor EF-Tu is a target for Stp, a serine-threonine phosphatase involved in virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 56:383-396. (Pubitemid 40516779)
70. Kastner R, et al. (2011) LipA, a tyrosine and lipid phosphatase involved in the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 79:2489-2498.
71. Archambaud C, Nahori MA, Pizarro-Cerda J, Cossart P, Dussurget O (2006) Control of Listeria superoxide dismutase by phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 281:31812-31822. (Pubitemid 46041446)
72. Boneca IG, et al. (2007) A critical role for peptidoglycan N-deacetylation in Listeria evasion from the host innate immune system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:997-1002. (Pubitemid 46154725)
73. Aubry C, et al. (2011) OatA, a peptidoglycan O-acetyltransferase involved in Listeria monocytogenes immune escape, is critical for virulence. J Infect Dis 204:731-740.
74. Crimmins GT, et al. (2008) Listeria monocytogenes multidrug resistance transporters activate a cytosolic surveillance pathway of innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:10191-10196.
75. Bierne H, et al. (2009) Human BAHD1 promotes heterochromatic gene silencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:13826-13831.
76. Lebreton A, et al. (2011) A bacterial protein targets the BAHD1 chromatin complex to stimulate type III interferon response. Science 331:1319-1321.
77. Cotter PD, et al. (2008) Listeriolysin S, a novel peptide haemolysin associated with a subset of lineage I Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 4:e1000144.
78. Pizarro-Cerdá J, Cossart P (2006) Bacterial adhesion and entry into host cells. Cell 124: 715-727. (Pubitemid 43261447)
79. Pizarro-Cerdá J, Cossart P (2009) Listeria monocytogenes membrane trafficking and lifestyle: The exception or the rule? Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 25:649-670.
80. Seveau S, Pizarro-Cerda J, Cossart P (2007) Molecular mechanisms exploited by Listeria monocytogenes during host cell invasion. Microbes Infect 9:1167-1175. (Pubitemid 47375144)
81. Niemann HH, et al. (2007) Structure of the human receptor tyrosine kinase met in complex with the Listeria invasion protein InlB. Cell 130:235-246. (Pubitemid 47081132)
82. SchubertWD, et al. (2002) Structure of internalin, a major invasion protein of Listeria monocytogenes, in complex with its human receptor E-cadherin. Cell 111:825-836.
83. Veiga E, Cossart P (2005) Listeria hijacks the clathrin-dependent endocytic machinery to invade mammalian cells. Nat Cell Biol 7:894-900. (Pubitemid 41486290)
84. Veiga E, Cossart P (2006) The role of clathrin-dependent endocytosis in bacterial internalization. Trends Cell Biol 16:499-504. (Pubitemid 44442960)
85. Veiga E, et al. (2007) Invasive and adherent bacterial pathogens co-opt host clathrin for infection. Cell Host Microbe 2:340-351. (Pubitemid 350056398)
86. Bonazzi M, et al. (2011) Clathrin phosphorylation is required for actin recruitment at sites of bacterial adhesion and internalization. J Cell Biol 195:525-536.
87. Pizarro-Cerdá J, Bonazzi M, Cossart P (2010) Clathrin-mediated endocytosis: What works for small, also works for big. Bioessays 32:496-504.
88. Mostowy S, et al. (2009) Septins regulate bacterial entry into host cells. PLoS ONE 4: e4196.
89. Mostowy S, et al. (2009) Septin 11 restricts InlB-mediated invasion by Listeria. J Biol Chem 284:11613-11621.
90. Vazquez-Boland JA, et al. (1992) Nucleotide sequence of the lecithinase operon of Listeria monocytogenes and possible role of lecithinase in cell-to-cell spread. Infect Immun 60:219-230.
91. Singh R, Jamieson A, Cresswell P (2008) GILT is a critical host factor for Listeria monocytogenes infection. Nature 455:1244-1247.
92. Radtke AL, et al. (2011) Listeria monocytogenes exploits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to escape the phagosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:1633-1638.
93. Van Troys M, et al. (2008) The actin propulsive machinery: The proteome of Listeria monocytogenes tails. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 375:194-199.
94. Mostowy S, et al. (2010) Entrapment of intracytosolic bacteria by septin cage-like structures. Cell Host Microbe 8:433-444.
95. Bonazzi M, Veiga E, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Cossart P (2008) Successive post-translational modifications of E-cadherin are required for InlA-mediated internalization of Listeria monocytogenes. Cell Microbiol 10:2208-2222.
96. Brundage RA, Smith GA, Camilli A, Theriot JA, Portnoy DA (1993) Expression and phosphorylation of the Listeria monocytogenes ActA protein in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:11890-11894. (Pubitemid 24008745)
97. Chong R, et al. (2009) Regulatory mimicry in Listeria monocytogenes actin-based motility. Cell Host Microbe 6:268-278.
98. Schnupf P, Portnoy DA, Decatur AL (2006) Phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation of listeriolysin O in mammalian cells: Role of the PEST-like sequence. Cell Microbiol 8:353-364. (Pubitemid 43356056)
99. Baldwin DN, Vanchinathan V, Brown PO, Theriot JA (2003) A gene-expression program reflecting the innate immune response of cultured intestinal epithelial cells to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Genome Biol 4:R2.
100. Nau GJ, et al. (2002) Human macrophage activation programs induced by bacterial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:1503-1508. (Pubitemid 34136522)
101. McCaffrey RL, et al. (2004) A specific gene expression program triggered by Grampositive bacteria in the cytosol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:11386-11391. (Pubitemid 39038356)
102. Leber JH, et al. (2008) Distinct TLR- and NLR-mediated transcriptional responses to an intracellular pathogen. PLoS Pathog 4:e6.
103. Tchatalbachev S, Ghai R, Hossain H, Chakraborty T (2010) Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria induce a common early response in human monocytes. BMC Microbiol 10: 275.
104. Lecuit M, Sonnenburg JL, Cossart P, Gordon JI (2007) Functional genomic studies of the intestinal response to a foodborne enteropathogen in a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model. J Biol Chem 282:15065-15072. (Pubitemid 47093333)
105. Hamon MA, Cossart P (2008) Histone modifications and chromatin remodeling during bacterial infections. Cell Host Microbe 4:100-109.
106. Birmingham CL, et al. (2007) Listeria monocytogenes evades killing by autophagy during colonization of host cells. Autophagy 3:442-451. (Pubitemid 47293725)
107. Mostowy S, et al. (2011) p62 and NDP52 proteins target intracytosolic Shigella and Listeria to different autophagy pathways. J Biol Chem 286:26987-26995.
108. Woodward JJ, Iavarone AT, Portnoy DA (2010) c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon response. Science 328: 1703-1705.
109. McWhirter SM, et al. (2009) A host type I interferon response is induced by cytosolic sensing of the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP. J Exp Med 206:1899-1911.
110. Burdette DL, et al. (2011) STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature 478:515-518.
111. Dolowschiak T, et al. (2010) Potentiation of epithelial innate host responses by intercellular communication. PLoS Pathog 6:e1001194.
112. Kasper CA, et al. (2010) Cell-cell propagation of NF-κB transcription factor and MAP kinase activation amplifies innate immunity against bacterial infection. Immunity 33:804-816.
113. Pamer EG (2004) Immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes. Nat Rev Immunol 4: 812-823.
114. Lecuit M, et al. (1999) A single amino acid in E-cadherin responsible for host specificity towards the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. EMBO J 18:3956-3963. (Pubitemid 29335848)
115. Khelef N, Lecuit M, Bierne H, Cossart P (2006) Species specificity of the Listeria monocytogenes InlB protein. Cell Microbiol 8:457-470. (Pubitemid 43356035)
116. Lecuit M, et al. (2001) A transgenic model for listeriosis: Role of internalin in crossing the intestinal barrier. Science 292:1722-1725. (Pubitemid 32506246)
117. Disson O, et al. (2008) Conjugated action of two species-specific invasion proteins for fetoplacental listeriosis. Nature 455:1114-1118.
118. Levraud JP, et al. (2009) Real-time observation of listeria monocytogenes-phagocyte interactions in living zebrafish larvae. Infect Immun 77:3651-3660.
119. Mukherjee K, et al. (2010) Galleria mellonella as a model system for studying Listeria pathogenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:310-317.
120. Jensen RL, Pedersen KS, Loeschcke V, Ingmer H, Leisner JJ (2007) Limitations in the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a model host for gram-positive bacterial infection. Lett Appl Microbiol 44:218-223. (Pubitemid 46146595)
121. Thomsen LE, Slutz SS, Tan MW, Ingmer H (2006) Caenorhabditis elegans is a model host for Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:1700-1701. (Pubitemid 43271292)
122. Pentecost M, Otto G, Theriot JA, Amieva MR (2006) Listeria monocytogenes invades the epithelial junctions at sites of cell extrusion. PLoS Pathog 2:e3.
123. Nikitas G, et al. (2011) Transcytosis of Listeria monocytogenes across the intestinal barrier upon specific targeting of goblet cell accessible E-cadherin. J Exp Med 208: 2263-2277.
124. Lecuit M, et al. (2004) Targeting and crossing of the human maternofetal barrier by Listeria monocytogenes: Role of internalin interaction with trophoblast E-cadherin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:6152-6157. (Pubitemid 38520543)
125. Patel JC, Hueffer K, Lam TT, Galan JE (2009) Diversification of a Salmonella virulence protein function by ubiquitin-dependent differential localization. Cell 137:283-294.
126. Paterson Y, Guirnalda PD, Wood LM (2010) Listeria and Salmonella bacterial vectors of tumor-associated antigens for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 22: 183-189.