Growth responses to thinning and pruning in eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptus nitens, and eucalyptus grandis plantations in southeastern Australia

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 75-87

  Forrester, David I ^a,b,c   Baker, Thomas G ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b Cooperative Research Centre for Forestry ^*  (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUSTRALIA; CROP TREES; EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS; EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS; EUCALYPTUS NITENS; GROWTH RESPONSE; LIVE CROWN; MULTIPLE-LIFT; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; TREE GROWTH;

CROPS; ECOLOGY;

FORESTRY;

DICOTYLEDON; GROWTH RESPONSE; PLANTATION FORESTRY; PRUNING; SILVICULTURE; THINNING;

AUSTRALIA; ECOLOGY; EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS; EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS; EUCALYPTUS NITENS; GROWTH; PLANTATIONS; PRUNING; SILVICULTURE; THINNING;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 83755174156     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: 12086037     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X11-146     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Anttonen, S., Piispanen, R., Ovaska, J., Mutikainen, P., Saranpää, P., and Vapaavuori, E. 2002. Effects of defoliation on growth, biomass allocation, and wood properties of Betula pendula clones grown at different nutrient levels. Can. J. For. Res. 32(3): 498-508. doi:10.1139/x01-217.
2. Binkley, D., Stape, J.L., Ryan, M.G., Barnard, H.R., and Fownes, J. 2002. Age-related decline in forest ecosystem growth: an individual-tree, stand-structure hypothesis. Ecosystems (N.Y.), 5 (1): 58-67. doi:10.1007/s10021-001-0055-7.
3. Binkley, D., Stape, J.L., Bauerle, W.L., and Ryan, M.G. 2010. Explaining growth of individual trees: light interception and efficiency of light use by Eucalyptus at four sites in Brazil. For. Ecol. Manage. 259(9): 1704-1713. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.037.
4. Candy, S.G. 1997. Growth and yield models for Eucalyptus nitens plantations in Tasmania and New Zealand. Tasforests, 9: 167-198.
5. Carmean, W.H. 1975. Forest site quality evaluation in the United States. Adv. Agron. 27: 209-269. doi:10.1016/S0065-2113(08)70011-7.
6. FAO. 2005. The potential for fast-growing commercial forest plantations to supply high value roundwood. Planted Forests and Trees Working Papers, Working Paper 33. Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division, FAO, Rome, Italy.
7. Forrester, D.I., Collopy, J.J., and Morris, J.D. 2010a. Transpiration along an age series of Eucalyptus globulus plantations in southeastern Australia. For. Ecol. Manage. 259(9): 1754-1760. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.023.
8. Forrester, D.I., Medhurst, J.L., Wood, M., Beadle, C.L., and Valencia, J.C. 2010b. Growth and physiological responses to silviculture for producing solid-wood products from Eucalyptus plantations: an Australian perspective. For. Ecol. Manage. 259(9): 1819-1835. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.08.029.
9. Ginn, S.E., Seiler, J.R., Cazell, B.H., and Kreh, R.E. 1991. Physiological and growth responses of eight-year-old loblolly pine stands to thinning. For. Sci. 37: 1030-1040.
10. Iglesias, G., and Wilstermann, D. 2008. Eucalyptus universalis. Global cultivated eucalypt forests map 2008. Version 1.0.1. In GIT Forestry Consulting's EUCALYPTOLOGICS: information resources on Eucalyptus cultivation worldwide. Retrieved from http://www.git-forestry.com/ [accessed 29 March 2009].
11. Karani, P.K. 1978. Pruning and thinning in a Pinus patula stand at Lendu Plantation, Uganda. Commonw. For. Rev. 57: 269-278.
12. Kikuzawa, K., and Umeki, K. 1996. Effect of canopy structure on degree of asymmetry of competition in two forest stands in northern Japan. Ann. Bot. (Lond.), 77(6): 565-571. doi:10.1006/anbo.1996.0071.
13. Mäkinen, H., and Isomäki, A. 2004a. Thinning intensity and growth of Scots pine stands in Finland. For. Ecol. Manage. 201(2-3): 311-325. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.016.
14. Mäkinen, H., and Isomäki, A. 2004b. Thinning intensity and longterm changes in increment and stem form of Norway spruce trees. For. Ecol. Manage. 201(2-3): 295-309. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.017.
15. McKenzie, H., and Hawke, A. 1999. Growth response of Eucalyptus regnans dominant trees to thinning in New Zealand. N.Z. J. For. Sci. 29: 301-310.
16. Medhurst, J.L., and Beadle, C.L. 2001. Crown structure and leaf area index development in thinned and unthinned Eucalyptus nitens plantations. Tree Physiol. 21(12-13): 989-999. PMID:11498346.
17. Medhurst, J.L., and Beadle, C.L. 2005. Photosynthetic capacity and foliar nitrogen distribution in Eucalyptus nitens is altered by highintensity thinning. Tree Physiol. 25(8): 981-991. PMID:15929929.
18. Medhurst, J.L., Beadle, C.L., and Neilsen, W.A. 2001. Early-age and later-age thinning affects growth, dominance, and intraspecific competition in Eucalyptus nitens plantations. Can. J. For. Res. 31 (2): 187-197. doi:10.1139/x00-163.
19. Messina, M.G. 1992. Response of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. To thinning and urea fertilization in New Zealand. For. Ecol. Manage. 51(4): 269-283. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90328-7.
20. Omule, A.Y., Mitchell, A.K., and Wagner, W.L. 2011. Fertilization and thinning effects on a Douglas-fir ecosystem at Shawnigan Lake: 32-year growth response. Inf. Rep. FI-X-005. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, B.C.
21. Pinkard, E.A. 2002. Effects of pattern and severity of pruning on growth and branch development of pre-canopy closure Eucalyptus nitens. For. Ecol. Manage. 157(1-3): 217-230. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00647-2.
22. Pinkard, E.A., and Beadle, C.L. 1998a. Effects of green pruning ongrowth and stem shape of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden. New For. 15(2): 107-126. doi:10.1023/A:1006533423884.
23. Pinkard, E.A., and Beadle, C.L. 1998b. Regulation of photosynthesis in Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden following green pruning. Trees Struct. Funct. 12: 366-376.
24. Pinkard, E.A., Battaglia, M., Beadle, C.L., and Sands, P.J. 1999. Modeling the effect of physiological responses to green pruning onnet biomass production of Eucalyptus nitens. Tree Physiol. 19(1): 1-12. PMID:12651326.
25. Pinkard, E.A., Baillie, C., Patel, V., and Mohammed, C.L. 2006. Effects of fertilising with nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and crown condition of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. experiencing insect defoliation. For. Ecol. Manage. 231(1-3): 131-137. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.026.
26. Pretzsch, H., and Biber, P. 2010. Size-symmetric versus sizeasymmetric competition and growth partitioning among trees in forest stands along an ecological gradient in central Europe. Can. J. For. Res. 40(2): 370-384. doi:10.1139/X09-195.
27. Ryan, M.G., Binkley, D., and Fownes, J.H. 1997. Age-related decline in forest productivity: pattern and process. Adv. Ecol. Res, 27: 213-262. doi:10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60009-4.
28. Schönau, A.P.G. 1970. Planting, espacement and pruning of Eucalyptus grandis on a low quality site. S. Afr. For. J. 73: 11-15.
29. Schönau, A.P.G. 1974. The effect of planting espacement and pruning on growth, yield and timber density of Eucalyptus grandis. S. Afr. For. J. 88: 16-23.
30. Schönau, A.P.G. 1984. A factorial thinning experiment in Eucalyptus grandis. Commonw. For. Rev. 63: 285-295.
31. Schwinning, S., and Weiner, J. 1998. Mechanisms determining the degree of size asymmetry in competition among plants. Oecologia (Berl.), 113(4): 447-455. doi:10.1007/s004420050397.
32. Shield, E. 2008. New silviculture for producing eucalypt sawlogs. In Forestal Revista 35. Edited by A. Fossati. Sociedad de Productores Forestales, Uruguay. pp. 6-13.
33. Stape, J.L., Binkley, D., and Ryan, M.G. 2004. Eucalyptus production and the supply, use and efficiency of use of water, light and nitrogen across a geographic gradient in Brazil. For. Ecol. Manage. 193(1-2): 17-31. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.020.
34. Stape, J.L., Binkley, D., Ryan, M.G., Fonseca, S., Loos, R.A., Takahashi, E.N., Silva, C.R., Silva, S.R., Hakamada, R.E., Ferreira, J.M.A., Lima, A.M.N., Gava, J.L., Leite, F.P., Andrade, H.B., Alves, J.M., Silva, G.G.C., and Azevedo, M.R. 2010. The Brazil Eucalyptus Potential Productivity Project: influence of water, nutrients and stand uniformity on wood production. For. Ecol. Manage. 259(9): 1684-1694. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.012.
35. Stoneman, G.L., Crombie, D.S., Whitford, K., Hingston, F.J., Giles, R., Portlock, C.C., Galbraith, J.H., and Dimmock, G.M. 1996. Growth and water relations of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) stands in response to thinning and fertilization. Tree Physiol. 17 (4): 267-274. MID:14759866.
36. Velazquez-Martinez, A., Perry, D.A., and Bell, T.E. 1992. Response of aboveground biomass Increment, growth efficiency, and foliarnutrients to thinning fertili zation, and pruning in young Douglasfir plantations in the central Oregon Cascades. Can. J. For. Res. 22 (9): 1278-1289. doi:10.1139/x92-170.
37. Weiner, J. 1985. Size hierarchies in experimental populations of annual plants. Ecology, 66(3): 743-752. doi:10.2307/1940535.
38. Weiner, J. 1986. How competition for light and nutrients affects size variability in Ipomea tricolor populations. Ecology, 67(5): 1425-1427. doi:10.2307/1938699.
39. West, P.W., and Osler, G.H.R. 1995. Growth response to thinning and its relation to site resources in Eucalyptus regnans. Can. J. For. Res. 25(1): 69-80. doi:10.1139/x95-009.
40. Whitesell, C.D. 1975. Growth of young saligna eucalyptus in Hawaii: 6 years after thinning. U.S. For. Serv. Res. Note PSW-299.
41. Wise, M.J., and Abrahamson, W.G. 2007. Effects of resource availability on tolerance of herbivory: a review and assessment of three opposing models. Am. Nat. 169(4): 443-454. doi:10.1086/512044. PMID:17253430.
42. Wiseman, D., Pinkard, E., Wardlaw, T., Mohammed, C., Hall, M., and Beadle, C. 2009. Growth responses of Eucalyptus globules and E. nitens to pruning and fertiliser treatments in a plantation managed for solid-wood products. South. For. 71(1): 21-29. doi:10.2989/SF.2009.71.1.3.740.
43. Wong, J., Baker, T.G., Duncan, M.J., Stackpole, D.J., and Stokes, R. C. 1999. Individual tree volume functions for plantation eucalypts. Rep. No 99/037. Centre for Forest Tree Technology, Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Accessible online at http://www.forestscience.unimelb.edu.au/research/plantations_health/Wong-et-al-1999.pdf [accessed 20 June 2011].