Generation of the Cape Ghir upwelling filament: A numerical study

Ocean Modelling

Volumn 41, Issue , 2012, Pages 1-15

  Troupin, Charles ^a   Mason, Evan ^b   Beckers, Jean Marie ^a   Sangrà, Pablo ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^b INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Canary upwelling system; Eastern boundary; Potential vorticity; ROMS model; Upwelling filaments

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC FIELDS; EASTERN BOUNDARY; EMBEDDED DOMAINS; FILAMENT GENERATION; HIGH RESOLUTION; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; IN-SITU; INTERANNUAL; MODEL RESULTS; MODEL SOLUTION; NARROW BANDS; NUMERICAL SOLUTION; NUMERICAL STUDIES; NUTRIENT-RICH WATER; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; PHYSICAL PROCESS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; PROCESS-ORIENTED; REGIONAL OCEAN MODELING SYSTEM; RELATIVE VORTICITY; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS; SHALLOW STRUCTURE; UPWELLING FILAMENTS; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; VORTICITY BALANCE;

EXPERIMENTS;

VORTICITY;

ANNUAL VARIATION; BOUNDARY CONDITION; NUMERICAL METHOD; NUMERICAL MODEL; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; UPWELLING; WIND BREAK;

CAPE GHIR; MOROCCO; SOUSS-MASSA-DRAA;

EID: 83655196834     PISSN: 14635003     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.09.001     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Bakun A.K., Nelson C.S. The seasonal cycle of wind-tress curl in subtropical eastern boundary current regions. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1991, 21:1815-1834. <1815:TSCOWS>2.0.CO;2. 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021.
2. Barton E.D., Arístegui J. The canary islands coastal transition zone: upwelling, eddies and filaments. Prog. Oceanogr. 2004, 62:67-69. 10.1016/j.pocean.2004.08.003.
3. Barton E.D., Arístegui J., Tett P., Cantón M., García-Braun J., Hernández-León S., Nykjaer L., Almeida C., Almunia J., Ballesteros S., Basterretxea G., Escánez J., García-Weill L., Hernández-Guerra A., López-Laatzen F., Molina R., Montero M.F., Navarro-Pérez E., Rodríguez J.M., van Lenning K., Vélez H., Wild K. The transition zone of the canary current upwelling region. Prog. Oceanogr. 1998, 41:455-504. 10.1016/S0079-6611(98)00023-8.
4. Batteen M.L., Martinez J.R., Bryan D.W., Buch E.J. A modeling study of the coastal eastern boundary current system off Iberia and Morocco. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105:14173-14195. 10.1029/2000JC900026.
5. Batteen M.L., Martinho A.S., Miller H.A., McClean J.L. A process-oriented modelling study of the coastal canary and Iberian current system. Ocean Model. 2007, 18:1-36. Available from: . 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.02.006.
6. Beardsley R.C., Lentz S.J. The coastal ocean dynamics experiment collection: an introduction. J. Geophys. Res. 1987, 92:1455-1463. 10.1029/JC092iC02p01455.
7. Bernstein R.L., Breaker L., Whritner R. California current eddy formation: ship, air, and satellite results. Science 1977, 195:353-359. 10.1126/science.195.4276.353.
8. Blayo E., Debreu L. Revisiting open boundary conditions from the point of view of characteristic variables. Ocean Model. 2005, 9:231-252. Available from: . 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.07.001.
9. Brink K. The near-surface dynamics of coastal upwelling. Prog. Oceanogr. 1983, 12:223-257. 10.1016/0079-6611(83)90009-5.
10. Brink K.H., Cowles T.J. The coastal transition zone experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 1991, 96:14637-14647. 10.1029/91JC01206.
11. Brink K.H., Stuart D.W., Van Leer J.C. Observations of the coastal upwelling region near 34°30′N of California: spring 1981. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1984, 14:378-391. <0378:OOTCUR>2.0.CO;2. 10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014.
12. Capet X.J., Marchesiello P., McWilliams J.C. Upwelling response to coastal wind profiles. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L13311. 10.1029/2004GL020123.
13. Castelao R.M., Barth J.A. The role of wind stress curl in jet separation at a cape. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37:2652-2671. 10.1175/2007JPO3679.1.
14. Dever E.P., Dorman C.E., Largier J.L. Surface boundary-layer variability off Northern California, USA, during upwelling. Deep-Sea Res. II 2006, 53:2887-2905. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.09.001.
15. Dickinson R.E. Rossby waves - long-period oscillations of oceans and atmospheres. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1978, 10:159-195. 10.1146/annurev.fl.10.010178.001111.
16. Dorman C.E., Dever E.P., Largier J., Koracin D. Buoy measured wind, wind stress and wind stress curl over the shelf off Bodega Bay, California. Deep-Sea Res. II 2006, 53:2850-2864. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.07.006.
17. Durand, M.H., Cury, P., Mendelssohn, R., Roy, C., Bakun, A., Pauly, D. (Eds.), 1998. Global versus Local Changes in Upwelling Systems. ORSTOM, Paris. ISBN 2-7099-1389-5.
18. Durski S.M., Allen J.S. Finite-amplitude evolution of instabilities associated with the coastal upwelling front. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2005, 35:1606-1628. Available from: . 10.1175/JPO2762.1.
19. Durski S.M., Allen J.S., Egbert G.D., Samelson R.M. Scale evolution of finite-amplitude instabilities on a coastal upwelling front. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37:837-854. Available from: . 10.1175/JPO2994.1.
20. Durski S.M., Samelson R.M., Allen J.S., Egbert G.D. Normal-mode instabilities of a time-dependent coastal upwelling jet. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:2056-2071. Available from: . 10.1175/2008JPO3803.1.
21. Enriquez A.G., Friehe C.A. Effects of wind stress and wind stress curl variability on coastal upwelling. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1995, 25:1651-1671. <1651:EOWSAW>2.0.CO;2. 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025.
22. Flament P. The evolving structure of an upwelling filament. J. Geophys. Res. 1985, 90:11765-11778. 10.1029/JC090iC06p11765.
23. Gabric A.J., Garcia L., van Camp L., Nykjaer L., Eifler W., Schrimpf W. Offshore export of shelf production in the cap blanc giant filament as derived from coastal zone color scanner imagery. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:4697-4712. 10.1029/92JC01714.
24. García-Weill L., Nykjaer L., Tejera-Cruz A., Cantón M. Cálculo de velocidades oceánicas superficiales en el área del afloramiento del NW de África mediante imágenes del sensor AVHRR. Rev. Teledetección 1994, 3:37-41.
25. Hagen E. Zonal wavelengths of planetary rossby waves derived from hydrographic transects in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean?. J. Oceanogr. 2005, 61:1039-1046. Available from: . 10.1007/s10872-006-0020-3.
26. Hagen E., Zülicke C., Feistal R. Near surface structures in the Cape Ghir filament off Morocco. Oceanol. Acta 1996, 19:577-598.
27. Haynes R., Barton E.D., Pilling I. Development, persistence and variability of upwelling filaments off the Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:22681-22692. 10.1029/93JC02016.
28. Hernández-Guerra, A., Nykjaer, L., 1997. Sea surface temperature variability off North-West Africa: 1981-1989. Int. J. Remote Sens. 18, 2539-2558. doi:10.1080/014311697217468.
29. Hunter, P., Macnab, R., 2003. The GEBCO Digital Atlas published by the British Oceanographic Data Centre on behalf of IOC and IHO. North Atlantic region. Available from: <>. http://www.gebco.net/.
30. Huyer A., Barth J.A., Kosro P.M., Shearman R.K., Smith R.L. Upper-ocean water mass characteristics of the California Current, summer 1993. Deep-Sea Res. II 1998, 45:1411-1442. 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)80002-7.
31. Ikeda M., Emery W.J. Satellite observations and modeling of meanders in the California Current system off Oregon and Northern California. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1984, 14:1434-1450. <1434:SOAMOM>2.0.CO;2. 10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014.
32. Jennings S., Kaiser M., Reynolds J.D. Marine Fisheries Ecology 2001, Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford.
33. Johnson J., Stevens I. A fine resolution model of the eastern North Atlantic between the Azores, the Canary Islands and the Gibraltar Strait. Deep-Sea Res. I 2000, 47:875-899. 10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00073-4.
34. Karakas G., Nowald N., Blaas M., Marchesiello P., Frickenhaus S., Schlitzer R. High-resolution modeling of sediment erosion and particle transport across the northwest African shelf. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:C06025. 1-13. 10.1029/2005JC003296.
35. Kelly K. The influence of winds and topography on sea surface temperature patterns over the Northern California slope. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, 90:11783-11798. 10.1029/JC090iC06p11783.
36. Kosro P.M., Huyer A. CTD and velocity surveys of seaward jets off northern California, July 1981 and 1982. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, 91:7680-7690. 10.1029/91JC00885.
37. Kostianoy A.G., Zatsepin A.G. The West African coastal upwelling filaments and cross-frontal water exchange conditioned by them. J. Mar. Syst. 1996, 7:349-359. 10.1016/0924-7963(95)00029-1.
38. Laiz I., Sangrà P., Pelegrí J.L., Marrero-Díaz A. Sensitivity of an idealised subtropical gyre to the eastern boundary conditions. Sci. Mar. 2001, 65:187-194. 10.3989/scimar.2001.65s1187.
39. Lee S.K., Pelegrí J.L., Kroll J. Slope control in western boundary currents. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2001, 31:3349-3360. <3349:SCIWBC>2.0.CO;2. 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031.
40. Lutjeharms J.R.E., Shillington F.A., Duncombe Rae C.M. Observations of extreme upwelling filaments in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Science 1991, 253:774-776. 10.1126/science.253.5021.774.
41. Marshall D.P., Tansley C.E. An implicit formula for boundary current separation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2001, 31:1633-1638. <1633:AIFFBC>2.0.CO;2. 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031.
42. Martinho A.S., Batteen M.L. On reducing the slope parameter in terrain-following numerical ocean models. Ocean Modell. 2006, 13:166-175. Available from: . 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.01.003.
43. Mason, E., Colas, F., Molemaker, J., Shchepetkin, A., Sangrà, P., McWilliams, J., 2008. Seasonal variability of the Canary Current System. In: Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
44. Mason E., Molemaker J., Shchepetkin A.F., Colas F., McWilliams J.C., Sangrà P. Procedures for offline grid nesting in regional ocean models. Ocean Model. 2010, 35:1-15. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.05.007.
45. Mason E., Colas F., Molemaker J., Shchepetkin A.F., Troupin C., McWilliams J.C., Sangrà P. Seasonal variability of the canary current: a numerical study. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:C06001. Available from: . 10.1029/2010JC006665.
46. Meunier T., Rossi V., Morel Y., Carton X. Influence of bottom topography on an upwelling current: generation of long trapped filaments. Ocean Model. 2010, 35:277-303. Available from: . 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.08.004.
47. Mooers C.N.K., Robinson A.R. Turbulent jets and eddies in the California current and inferred cross-shore transports. Science 1984, 223:51-53. 10.1126/science.223.4631.51.
48. Müller P. Ertel's potential vorticity theorem in physical oceanography. Rev. Geophys. 1995, 33:67-97. 10.1029/94RG03215.
49. Münchow A. Wind stress curl forcing of the coastal ocean near point conception, California. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2000, 30:1265-1280. <1265:WSCFOT>2.0.CO;2. 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030.
50. Pedlosky J. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics 1987, Springer-Verlag. second ed.
51. Pelegrí J.L., Marrero-Díaz A., Ratsimandresy A., Antoranz A., Cisneros-Aguirre J., Gordo C., Grisolía D., Hernández-Guerra A., Laíz I., Martínez A., Parrilla G., Pérez-Rodríguez P., Rodríguez-Santana A., Sangrà P. Hydrographic cruises off northwest Africa: the canary current and the Cape Ghir region. J. Mar. Syst. 2005, 54:39-63. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.07.001.
52. Peliz A., Rosa T.L., Santos A.M.P., Pissarra J.L. Fronts, jets, and counter-flows in the Western Iberian upwelling system. J. Mar. Syst. 2002, 35:61-77. 10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00076-3.
53. Peliz A., Santos A.M.P., Oliveira P.B., Dubert J. Extreme cross-shelf transport induced by eddy interactions southwest of Iberia in winter 2001. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L08301. 10.1029/2004GL019618.
54. Penven P., Marchesiello P., Debreu L., Lefèvre J. Software tools for pre- and post-processing of oceanic regional simulations. Environ. Model. Softw. 2008, 23:660-662. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.07.004.
55. Risien C.M., Chelton D.B. A global climatology of surface wind and wind stress fields from 8 years of QuikSCAT scatterometer data. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:2379-2413. 10.1175/2008JPO3881.1.
56. Ryther J.H. Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. Science 1969, 166:72-76. Available from: .
57. Shchepetkin A.F., McWilliams J.C. The regional oceanic modeling system (ROMS): a split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following-coordinate oceanic model. Ocean Model. 2005, 9:347-404. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.08.002.
58. Shchepetkin A.F., McWilliams J.C. Correction and commentary for " ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: formulation and skill assessment of the regional ocean modeling system" by Haidvogel et al., J. Comp. Phys. 227, 3595-3624. J. Comput. Phys. 2009, 228:8985-9000. 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.09.002.
59. Spall M.A. Circulation in the Canary Basin: A model/data analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 1990, 95:9611-9628. 10.1029/JC095iC06p09611.
60. Stevens I., Johnson J. A numerical modelling study of upwelling filaments off the NW African coast. Oceanol. Acta 2003, 26:549-564. 10.1016/S0399-1784(03)00049-5.
61. Stevens I., Hamann M., Johnson J.A., Fiúza A.F.G. Comparisons between a fine resolution model and observations in the Iberian shelf-slope region. J. Mar. Syst. 2000, 26:53-74. 10.1016/S0924-7963(00)00038-5.
62. Stramma L. Geostrophic transport in the warm water sphere of the eastern subtropical North Atlantic. J. Mar. Res. 1984, 42:537-558. 10.1357/002224084788506022.
63. Stramma L., Schott F. The mean flow field of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 1999, 46:279-303. Available from: . 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00109-X.
64. Strub P.T., Kosro P.M., Huyer A. The nature of cold filaments in the California current system. J. Geophys. Res. 1991, 96:14743-14768. 10.1029/91JC01024.
65. Troupin C., Sangrà P., Arístegui J. Seasonal variability of the oceanic upper layer and its modulation of biological cycles in the canary island region. J. Mar. Syst. 2010, 80:172-183. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.10.007.
66. Van Camp L., Nykjaer L., Mittelstaed E., Schlittenhard P. Upwelling and boundary circulation off Northwest Africa as depicted by infrared and visible satellite observations. Prog. Oceanogr. 1991, 26:357-402. 10.1016/0079-6611(91)90012-B.
67. Woodruf S.D., Diaz H.F., Elms J.D., Worley S.J. COADS release 2 data and metadata enhancements for improvements of marine surface flux fields. Phys. Chem. Earth 1998, 23:517-526. 10.1016/S0079-1946(98)00064-0.
68. Wooster W.S., Bakun A., McLain D.R. The seasonal upwelling cycle along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic. J. Mar. Res. 1976, 34:131-140.
69. Worley S.J., Woodruff S.D., Reynolds R., Lubker S.J., Lott N. ICOADS release 2.1 data and products. Int. J. Climatol. 2005, 25:823-842. 10.1002/joc.1166.