Source parameters of picoseismicity recorded at Mponeng deep gold mine, South Africa: Implications for scaling relations

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

Volumn 101, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 2592-2608

  Kwiatek, G ^a,b   Plenkers, K ^a,b   Dresen, G ^a,b  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b GFZ GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GEOSCIENCES   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC EMISSION SENSORS; AE SENSORS; AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE; APPARENT STRESS; CALCULATED VALUES; CORNER FREQUENCY; DATA SETS; DEEP GOLD MINES; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; SCALING RELATIONS; SEISMIC EVENT; SEISMIC NETWORKS; SELF-SIMILAR; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SOURCE SIZES; SOUTH AFRICA; SPECTRAL FITTING; SPECTRAL RATIOS; STATIC STRESS; STRESS DROP; THREE-COMPONENT; WAVEFORM DATA;

ACCELEROMETERS; ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; DROPS; FREQUENCY BANDS; GOLD; SEISMOLOGY; SENSORS;

GOLD MINES;

ACCELEROMETER; ACOUSTIC EMISSION; AFTERSHOCK; CALIBRATION; DATA SET; EARTHQUAKE EVENT; EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE; GOLD MINE; SCALE EFFECT; SEISMICITY; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; WAVEFORM ANALYSIS;

MPONENG MINE; NORTH WEST PROVINCE; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 83255191731     PISSN: 00371106     EISSN: 19433573     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1785/0120110094     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Abercrombie, R. (1995). Earthquake source scaling relationships from 1 to 5 ML using seismograms recorded at 2.5-km depth, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 24015-24036, doi 10.1029/95JB02397.
2. Abercrombie, R., and J. Rice (2005). Can observations of earthquake scaling constrain slip weakening? Geophys. J. Int. 162, 406-424, doi 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02579.x.
3. Aki, K., and P. G. Richards (1980). Quantitative Seismology, Freeman and Co., San Francisco.
4. Archuleta, R., E. Cranswick, C. Mueler, and P. Spudich (1982). Source parameters of the 1980 Mammoth lakes, California, earthquakes sequence, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 4595-4607, doi 10.1029/ JB087iB06p04595.
5. Beeler, N., T.-F. Wong, and S. Hickman (2003). On the expected relationships among apparent stress, static stress drop, effective shear fracture energy, and efficiency, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 93, 1381-1389, doi10.1785/0120020162.
6. Ben-Menahem, A. (1962). Radiation of seismic body waves from a finite moving source in the Earth, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 345-350, doi10.1029/JZ067i001p00345.
7. Ben-Zion, Y. (2008). Collective behavior of earthquakes and faults: Continuum-discrete transitions, progressive evolutionary changes, and different dynamic regimes, Rev. Geophys. 46, no. 4, 70, doi 10.1029/ 2008RG000260.
8. Bennington, N., C. Thurber, and S. Roecker (2008). Three-Dimensional seismic attenuation structure around the SAFOD site, Parkfield, California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 98, no. 6, 2934-2947, doi10.1785/0120080175.
9. Bethmann, F., N. Deichmann, and P. Mai (2010). Attenuation measurements from borehole and surface recordings for induced earthquakes in the city of Basel, Switzerland, in Proc. of the ECGS-FKPE Workshop on Induced Seismicity, J. Ritter and A. Oth (Editors), Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie 30, 5.
10. Boatwright, J. (1978). Detailed spectral analysis of two small New York State earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 68, 1117-1131.
11. Boatwright, J., and J. Fletcher (1984). The partition of radiated energy between P and S waves, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 74, 361-376. doi 10.1007/978-90-481-2737-5.
12. Boore, D., and J. Boatwright (1984). Average body-wave correction coefficients, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 74, 1615-1621.
13. Brace, W. F., and J. D. Byerlee (1966). Stick-slip as a mechanism for earthquakes, Science 153, no. 3739, 990-992, doi 10.1126/science.153.3739.990.
14. Churcher, J. (1990). The effect of propagation path on the measurements of seismic parameters, in Rockbursts and Seismicity in MinesC. Fairhurst (Editor), Balkema, Rotterdam, 205-209.
15. Cichowicz, A., and R. Green (1989). Changes in the early part of the seismic coda because of localized scatterers: The estimation of Q in a stope environment, Pure Appl. Geophys. 129, 497-511, doi 10.1007/ BF00874521.
16. Cichowicz, A., R. Green, and A. van Zyl Brink (1988). Coda polarization properties of high-frequency microseismic events, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 78, 1297-1318.
17. Collins, D., and R. Young (2000). Lithological controls on seismicity in granitic rocks, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90, 709-723, doi 10.1785/0119990142.
18. Davidsen, J., S. Stanchits, and G. Dresen (2007). Scaling and universality in rock fracture, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, no. 12, 4, doi 10.1103/PhysRev-Lett.98.125502.
19. Domański, B., and S. Gibowicz (2008). Comparison of source parameters estimated in the frequency and time domains for seismic events at the Rudna copper mine, Poland, Acta Geophys. 56, no. 2, 324-343, doi 10.2478/s11600-008-0014-1.
20. Domański, B., S. J. Gibowicz, and P. Wiejacz (2002). Source time function of seismic events at Rudna copper mine, Poland, Pure Appl. Geophys. 159, 131-144, doi 10.1007/PL00001247.
21. Ellsworth, W., S. Hickman, M. Zoback, K. Imanishi, C. Thurber, and S. Roecker (2007). Micronano and picoearthquakes at SAFOD: Implications for earthquake rupture and fault mechanics, Eos Trans. AGU 88, no. 52, Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S12B-05.
22. García-García, J. M., F. Vidal, M. D. Romacho, J. M. Martín-Marfil, A. Posadas, and F. Luzín (1996). Seismic source parameters for microearthquakes of the Granada basin (southern Spain), Tectonophysics 261, 51-66, doi 10.1016/0040-1951(96)00056-X.
23. Gibowicz, S. (1990). The mechanism of seismic events induced by mining, in Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines, Fairhurst, C. (Editor), Balkema, Rotterdam, 1-27.
24. Gibowicz, S., H.-P. Harjes, and M. Schäfer (1990). Source parameters of seismic events at Heinrich Robert mine, Ruhr Basin, Federal Republic of Germany: Evidence for non-double-couple events, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 80, 88-109.
25. Gibowicz, S., R. Young, S. Talebi, and D. Rawlence (1991). Source parameters of seismic events at the Underground Research Laboratory in Manitoba, Canada: Scaling relations for events with moment magnitude smaller than 2, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 81, 1157-1182.
26. Gibowicz, S. J., and A. Kijko (1994). An Introduction to Mining Seismology, in International Geophysics, Vol. 55, Academic Press, San Diego.
27. Hanks, T., and M. Wyss (1972). The use of body-wave spectra in the determination of seismic-source parameters, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 62, no. 2, 561-589.
28. Hanks, T. C., and H. Kanamori (1979). A moment magnitude scale, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2348-2350.
29. Hartzell, S. H. (1978). Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions, Geophys. Res. Lett. 5, 1-4, 10.1029/GL005i001p00001.
30. Hauksson, E., and P. Shearer (2006). Attenuation models (QP and QS) in three dimensions of the southern California crust: Inferred fluid saturation at seismogenic depths, J. Geophys. Res. 111, no. B05302, 21, doi 10.1029/2005JB003947.
31. Husseini, M. (1977). Energy balance for motion along a fault, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 49, 699-714, doi 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1977.tb01313.x.
32. Husseini, M., and M. Randall (1976). Rupture velocity and radiation efficiency, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 66, 1173-1187.
33. Ide, S., and G. Beroza (2001). Does apparent stress vary with earthquake size?, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 3349-3352, doi 10.1029/2001GL013106.
34. Ide, S., G. Beroza, S. Prejean, and W. Ellsworth (2003). Apparent break in earthquake scaling because of path and site effects on deep borehole recordings, J. Geophys. Res. 108, 2271, doi 10.1029/2001JB001617.
35. Imanishi, K., W. L. Ellsworth, and S. G. Prejean (2004). Earthquake source parameters determined by the SAPOD Pilot Hole seismic array, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, 3-7, doi 10.1029/2004GL019420.
36. Izutani, Y., and H. Kanamori (2001). Scale-dependence of seismic energy-to-moment ratio for strike-slip earthquakes in Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 4007-4010, doi 10.1029/2001GL013402.
37. Kanamori, H., and D. Anderson (1975). Theoretical basis of some empirical relations in seismology, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 65, 1073-1095.
38. Kanamori, H., and E. Brodsky (2004). The physics of earthquakes, Rep. Prog. Phys. 67, no. 8, 1429-1496, doi 10.1088/0034-4885/67/8/R03.
39. Kanamori, H., and T. Heaton (2000). Microscopic and macroscopic physics of earthquakes, in Geocomplexity and the Physics of Earthquakes, J. B. Rundle, D. L. Turcotte, and W. Klein (Editors), American Geophysical Monograph 120, 147-163.
40. Kanamori, H., and L. Rivera (2004). Static and dynamic scaling relations for earthquakes and their implications for rupture speed and stress drop, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94, 314-319, doi 10.1785/0120030159.
41. Kijko, A., B. Drzezla, and T. Stankiewicz (1987). Bimodal character of the distribution of extreme seismic events in Polish mines, Acta Geophys. Pol. 35, no. 2, 157-166.
42. Kwiatek, G., and F. Bulut (2011). Induced seismicity at Berlín geothermal field, El Salvador: Spatiotemporal characteristics of microearthquakes down to Mw 0:5, Geophys. Res. Abstr. 13, 10821.
43. Kwiatek, G., M. Bohnhoff, G. Dresen, A. Schulze, T. Schulte, G. Zimmer-mann, and E. Huenges (2010). Microseismicity induced during fluid injection: A case study from the geothermal site at Gross Schoenebeck, North German Basin, Acta Geophys. 58, no. 6, 995-1020, doi10.2478/s11600-010-0032-7.
44. Kwiatek, G., K. Plenkers, M. Nakatani, Y. Yabe, G. Dresen, and JAGUARS Group (2010). Frequency-magnitude characteristics down to magnitude 4:4 for induced seismicity recorded at Mponeng gold mine, South Africa, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 100, 1167-1173, doi10.1785/0120090277.
45. Lagarias, J., J. Reeds, M. Wright, and P. Wright (1998). Convergence properties of the Nelder-Mead simplex method in low dimensions, SIAM J. Optim. 9, 112-147.
46. Lockner, D. A., and P. G. Okubo (1983). Measurements of frictional heating in granite, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 4313-4320, doi 10.1029/JB088iB05p04313.
47. Lucier, A., M. Zoback, V. Heesakkers, Z. Reches, and S. Murphy (2009).Constraining the far-field in situ stress state near a deep South African gold mine, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 46, no. 3, 555-567, doi10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.09.005.
48. Madariaga, R. (1976). Dynamics of an expanding circular fault, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 66, 639-666.
49. Manthei, G., J. Eisenblätter, and T. Dahm (2001). Moment tensor evaluation of acoustic emission sources in salt rock, Constr. and Build. Mater. 15, 297-309, doi 10.1016/S0950-0618(00)00078-7.
50. Mayeda, K., R. Gok, W. R. Walter, and A. Hofstetter (2005). Evidence for non-constant energy/moment scaling from coda-derived source spectra, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, 4, doi 10.1029/2005GL022405.
51. Mayeda, K., and W. R. Walter (1996). Moment, energy, stress drop, and source spectra of western United States earthquakes from regional coda envelopes, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 11195-11208, doi 10.1029/ 96JB00112.
52. McGarr, A. (1971). Violent deformation of rock near deep-level, tabular excavations-seismic events, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 61, no. 5, 1453-1466.
53. McGarr, A. (1984). Scaling of ground motion parameters, state of stress, and focal depth, J. Geophys. Res. 89, no. B8, 6969-6979, doi 10.1029/ JB089iB08p06969.
54. McGarr, A. (1994). Some comparisons between mining-induced and laboratory earthquakes, Pure Appl. Geophys. 142, 467-489, doi 10.1007/BF00876051.
55. McGarr, A. (1999). On relating apparent stress to the stress causing earthquake fault slip, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 3003-3011, doi 10.1029/1998JB900083.
56. McGarr, A., and J. Fletcher (2003). Maximum slip in earthquake fault zones, apparent stress, and stick-slip friction, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 93, 2355-2362, doi 10.1785/0120030037.
57. McGarr, A., J. Fletcher, M. Boettcher, N. Beeler, and J. Boatwright (2010). Laboratory-based maximum slip rates in earthquake rupture zones and radiated energy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 100, 3250-3260, doi 10.1785/ 0120100043.
58. Mueller, C. S. (1985). Source pulse enhancement by deconvolution of an empirical Green's function, Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 33-36.
59. Nakatani, M., Y. Yabe, J. Philipp, G. Morema, G. Stanchits, and G. Dresen (2008). Acoustic emission measurements in a deep gold mine in South Africa-project overview and some typical waveforms., Seismol. Res. Lett. 79, no. 2, 311.
60. Naoi, M., M. Nakatani, Y. Yabe, G. Kwiatek, T. Igarashi, and K. Plenkers (2011). Twenty thousand aftershocks of a very small (M2) earthquake and their relation to the mainshock rupture and geological structures, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 101, no. 5, 2399-2407, doi 10.1785/ 0120100346.
61. Naoi, M., M. Nakatani, Y. Yabe, J. Philipp, and JAGUARS Project (2008). Very high frequency AE (up to 200 kHz) and microseismicity observation in a deep South African gold mine-evaluation of the acoustic properties of the site by in-situ transmission test, Seismol. Res. Lett. 79, no. 2, 330.
62. Nelder, J., and R. Mead (1965). A simplex method for function minimization, Comput. J. 7, 308-313.
63. Ogasawara, H. and T. Miwa The Research Group for Semi-Controlled Earthquake-Generation Experiments in South African Deep Gold Mines (2002). Microearthquake scaling relationships using near-source, redundant, wide-dynamic-range accelerograms in a South African deep gold mine, in Seismogenic Process Monitoring, H. Ogasawara, T. Yanagidani, and M. Ando (Editors), Balkema, Rotterdam, 151-164.
64. Orlecka-Sikora, B., E. Papadimitriou, and G. Kwiatek (2009). Study of the interaction among mining induced seismic events in the LegnicaGłogów copper district, Poland, Acta Geophys. 57, no. 2, 413-434, doi 10.2478/s11600-008-0085-z.
65. Oth, A., D. Bindi, S. Parolai, and D. Di Giacomo (2010). Earthquake scaling characteristics and the scale-(in)dependence of seismic energy-to-moment ratio: Insights from KiK-net data in japan, Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, no. 19, 5, doi 10.1029/2010GL044572.
66. Oye, V., H. Bungum, and M. Roth (2005). Source parameters and scaling relations for mining-related seismicity within the Pyhäsalmi ore mine, Finland, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 95, no. 3, 1011-1026, doi 10.1785/ 0120040170.
67. Percival, D., and A. Walden (1993). Spectral Analysis for Physical Applications: Multitaper and Conventional Univariate Techniques Cambridge U. Press, New York.
68. Plenkers, K. (2011). On the Characteristics of Mining-Induced Seismicity with Magnitudes 5
69. Plenkers, K., G. Kwiatek, M. Nakatani, G. Dresen, and JAGUARS Group (2010). Observation of seismic events with frequencies f > 25 kHz at Mponeng deep gold mine, South Africa, Seismol. Res. Lett. 81, no. 3, 467-478, doi 10.1785/gssrl.81.3.467.
70. Plenkers, K., G. Kwiatek, M. Naoi, and JAGUARS Working Group (2009). JAGUARS project: Attenuation, scattering and instrumental effects of events recorded by a high-frequency seismic network as seen from seismograms and their frequency content, in Proc. of the IASPEI General Assembly, Cape Town, South Africa, 10-16 January 2009.
71. Plenkers, K., D. Schorlemmer, and G. Kwiatek (2011). On the probability of detecting picoseismicity, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 101, 2579-2591.
72. Prieto, G. A., P. M. Shearer, F. L. Vernon, and D. Kilb (2004). Earthquake source scaling and self-similarity estimation from stacking P and S spectra, J. Geophys. Res. 109, no B08310, 13, doi 10.1029/ 2004JB003084.
73. Richardson, E., A. Nyblade, W. Walter, and A. Rodgers (2005). Source characteristics of mining-induced seismicity from moment-tensor analysis and spatio-temporal relationships, in Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines, Y. Potvin and M. Hudyma (Editors), Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 123-129.
74. Savage, J., and M. Wood (1971). The relation between apparent stress and stress drop, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 61, 1381-1388.
75. Scholz, C. H. (1968). The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 58, 399-415.
76. Sellers, E. J., M. O. Kataka, and L. M. Linzer (2003). Source parameters of acoustic emission events and scaling with mining-induced seismicity, J. Geophys. Res. 108, 16,
77. doi 10.1029/2001JB000670.
78. Singh, S. K., and M. Ordaz (1994). Seismic energy release in Mexican subduction zone earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 84, 1533-1550.
79. Snoke, J. (1987). Stable determination of (Brune) stress drops, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 77, 530-538.
80. Stanchits, S., and G. DresenJAGUARS Research Group (2010). Formation of faults in diorite and quartzite samples extracted from a deep gold mine (South Africa), Geophys. Res. Abstr. 12, 5605.
81. Tomic, J., R. E. Abercrombie, and A. F. do Nascimento (2009). Source parameters and rupture velocity of small M ≤ 2:1 reservoir induced earthquakes, Geophys. J. Int. 179, 1013-1023, doi 10.1111/j.1365246X.2009.04233.x.
82. Urbancic, T. I., C.-I. Trifu, R. A. Mercer, A. J. Feustel, and J. A. G. Alexander (1996). Automatic time-domain calculation of source parameters for the analysis of induced seismicity, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 86, 1627-1633.
83. Urbancic, T. I., and R. P. Young (1993). Space-time variations in source parameters of mining-induced seismic events with M < 0, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 83, 378-397.
84. van Aswegen, G. (2008). Ortlepp shears-dynamic brittle shears of South African gold mines, in Proc. of the 1st Southern Hemisphere International Rock Mechanics Symposium SHIRMS 2008, Perth, Australia, 16-19 September 2008.
85. Venkataraman, A., and H. Kanamori (2004). Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 109, no. B05302, 20, doi 10.1029/2003JB002549.
86. Yabe, Y., J. Philipp, M. Nakatani, G. Morema, M. Naoi, H. Kawakata, T. Igarashi, G. Dresen, and H. OgasawaraJAGUARS (2009). Observation of numerous aftershocks of an Mw1.9 earthquake with an AE network installed in a deep gold mine in South Africa, Earth Planets Space 61, e49-e52.
87. Yamada, T., J. Mori, S. Ide, H. Kawakata, Y. Iio, and H. Ogasawara (2005). Radiation efficiency and apparent stress of small earthquakes in a South African gold mine, J. Geophys. Res. 110, no. B01305, 18, doi 10.1029/2004JB003221.
88. Yamada, T., J. J. Mori, S. Ide, R. E. Abercrombie, H. Kawakata, M. Nakatani, Y. Iio, and H. Ogasawara (2007).Stress drops and radiated seismicenergies of microearthquakes in a South African gold mine, J. Geophys. Res. 112, no. B0330512, doi 10.1029/2006JB004553.