Microseismicity induced during fluid-injection: A case study from the geothermal site at Groß Schönebeck, North German Basin

Acta Geophysica

Volumn 58, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 995-1020

  Kwiatek, Grzegorz ^a   Bohnhoff, Marco ^a   Dresen, Georg ^a   Schulze, Ali ^a   Schulte, Thomas ^a   Zimmermann, Günter ^a   Huenges, Ernst ^a  

^a GFZ GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GEOSCIENCES   (Germany)

Author keywords

enhanced geothermal systems; hydraulic stimulation; induced seismicity; spectral analysis

Indexed keywords

DOWNHOLES; ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION; GEOTHERMAL SITES; HEAD PRESSURE; HYDRAULIC STIMULATION; HYDRAULIC STIMULATIONS; INDUCED SEISMICITY; INJECTION RATES; INJECTION WELLS; MICROSEISMICITY; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; SEISMIC EVENT; SEISMIC NETWORKS; SEISMIC SENSOR; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; SPECTRAL PARAMETERS; TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY; TEMPORAL CLUSTERING;

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY; GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; GEOTHERMAL PROSPECTING; HYDRAULICS; INJECTION (OIL WELLS); SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; SPECTRUM ANALYZERS;

SEISMOLOGY;

BOREHOLE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; FLUID INJECTION; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; HYDRAULICS; INDUCED SEISMICITY; SENSOR; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS;

GERMANY; NORTH GERMAN BASIN;

EID: 78649629323     PISSN: 18956572     EISSN: 18957455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2478/s11600-010-0032-7     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Albright, J. N., and C. F. Pearson (1982), Acoustic emissions as a tool for hydraulic fracture location: Experience at the Fenton Hill hot dry rock site, SPE J. 22, 4, 523-530.
2. Andrews, D. J. (1986), Objective determination of source parameters and similarity of earthquakes of different size. In: S. Das, J. Boatwright, and C. H. Scholz (eds.), Earthquake Source Mechanics, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 259-268.
3. Baisch, S., and H.-P. Harjes (2003), A model for fluid-injection-induced seismicity at the KTB, Germany, Geophys. J. Int. 152, 1, 160-170, DOI: 10. 1046/j. 1365-246X. 2003. 01837. x.
4. Baisch, S., M. Bohnhoff, L. Ceranna, Y. Tu, and H.-P. Harjes (2002), Probing the crust to 9-km depth: Fluid-injection experiments and induced seismicity at the KTB super deep drilling hole, Germany, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 92, 6, 2369-2380, DOI: 10. 1785/0120010236.
5. Boatwright, J., and J. B. Fletcher (1984), The partition of radiated energy between P and S waves, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 74, 2, 361-376.
6. Bohnhoff, M., S. Baisch, and H.-P. Harjes (2004), Fault mechanisms of induced seismicity at the superdeep German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) borehole and their relation to fault structure and stress field, J. Geophys. Res. 109, B02309, DOI: 10. 1029/2003JB002528.
7. Boore, D. M., and J. Boatwright (1984), Average body-wave radiation coefficients, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 74, 5, 1615-1621.
8. Bourouis, S., and P. Bernard (2007), Evidence for coupled seismic and aseismic fault slip during water injection in the geothermal site of Soultz (France), and implications for seismogenic transients, Geophys. J. Int. 169, 2, 723-732, DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1365-246X. 2006. 03325. x.
9. Brune, J. N. (1970), Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 26, 4997-5009, DOI: 10. 1029/JB075i026 p04997; Correction, J. Geophys. Res. 76, (1971), 20, 5002, DOI: 10. 1029/JB076i020p05002.
10. Charléty, J., N. Cuenot, L. Dorbath, C. Dorbath, H. Haessler, and M. Frogneux (2007), Large earthquakes during hydraulic stimulations at the geothermal site of Soultz-sous-Forêts, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 44, 8, 1091-1105, DOI: 10. 1016/j. ijrmms. 2007. 06. 003.
11. Cuenot, N., J. Charléty, L. Dorbath, and H. Haessler (2006), Faulting mechanisms and stress regime at the European HDR site of Soultz-sous-Forêts, France, Geothermics35, 5-6, 561-575, DOI: 10. 1016/j. geothermics. 2006. 11. 007.
12. Darnet, M., G. Marquis, and P. Sailhac (2006), Hydraulic stimulation of geothermal reservoirs: fluid flow, electric potential and microseismicity relationships, Geophys. J. Int. 166, 1, 438-444, DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1365-246X. 2006. 03026. x.
13. Di Bona, M., and A. Rovelli (1988), Effects of the bandwidth limitation on stress drops estimated from integrals of the ground motion, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 78, 5, 1818-1825.
14. Evans, K. F., H. Moriya, H. Niitsuma, R. H. Jones, W. S. Phillips, A. Genter, J. Sausse, R. Jung, and R. Baria (2005), Microseismicity and permeability enhancement of hydrogeologic structures during massive fluid injections into granite at 3 km depth at the Soultz HDR site, Geophys. J. Int. 160, 388-412, DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1365-246X. 2004. 02474. x.
15. Gibowicz, S. J., and A. Kijko (1994), An Introduction to Mining Seismology, Academic Press, San Diego.
16. Gibowicz, S. J., R. P. Young, S. Talebi, and D. J. Rawlence (1991), Source parameters of seismic events at the Underground Research Laboratory in Manitoba, Canada: Scaling relations for events with moment magnitude smaller than -2, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 81, 4, 1157-1182.
17. Hanks, T. C., and H. Kanamori (1979), A moment magnitude scale, J. Geophys. Res. 84, B5, 2348-2350, DOI: 10. 1029/JB084iB05p02348.
18. Hartzell, S. H. (1978), Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions, Geophys. Res. Lett. 5, 1, 1-4, DOI: 10. 1029/GL005i001p00001.
19. Ide, S., and G. C. Beroza (2001), Does apparent stress vary with earthquake size? Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 17, 3349-3352, DOI: 10. 1029/2001GL013106.
20. Jahr, T., G. Jentzsch, A. Gebauer, and T. Lau (2008), Deformation, seismicity, and fluids: Results of the 2004/2005 water injection experiment at the KTB/Germany, J. Geophys. Res. 113, B11410, DOI: 10. 1029/2008JB 005610.
21. Jost, M. L., T. Büsselberg, Ö. Jost, and H.-P. Harjes (1998), Source parameters of injection-induced microearthquakes at 9 km depth at the KTB DEEP Drilling site, Germany, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 88, 3, 815-832.
22. Kovach, R. L. (1974), Source mechanisms for Wilmington Oil Field, California, subsidence earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 64, 3, 699-711.
23. Kümpel, H.-J., J. Erzinger, and S. A. Shapiro (2006), Two massive hydraulic tests completed in deep KTB pilot hole, Scientific Drilling3, 40-42, DOI: 10. 2204/iodp. sd. 3. 05. 2006.
24. Leonard, M., and B. L. N. Kennett (1999), Multi-component autoregressive techniques for the analysis of seismograms, Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 113, 1-4, 247-263, DOI: 10. 1016/S0031-9201(99)00054-0.
25. Madariaga, R. (1976), Dynamics of an expanding circular fault, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 66, 3, 639-666.
26. McGarr, A. (1991), On a possible connection between three major earthquakes in California and oil production, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 81, 3, 948-970.
27. McGarr, A. (1999), On relating apparent stress to the stress causing earthquake fault slip, J. Geophys. Res. 104, B2, 3003-3011, DOI: 10. 1029/1998JB900083.
28. Moeck, I., T. Backers, and H. Schandelmeier (2007), Assessment of mechanical wellbore assessment by numerical analysis of fracture growth, EAGE 69th Conference and Exhibition, 11-14 June 2007, Extended abstracts volume, D047, London, UK.
29. Moeck, I., H. Schandelmeier, and H.-G. Holl (2009a), The stress regime in a Rotliegend reservoir of the Northeast German Basin, Int. J. Earth Sci. 98, 7, 1643-1654, DOI: 10. 1007/s00531-008-0316-1.
30. Moeck, I., G. Kwiatek, and G. Zimmermann (2009b), Slip tendency analysis, fault reactivation potential and induced seismicity in a deep geothermal reservoir, J. Struct. Geol. 31, 10, 1174-1182, DOI: 10. 1016/j. jsg. 2009. 06. 012.
31. Mueller, C. S. (1985), Source pulse enhancement by deconvolution of an empirical Green's function, Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 1, 33-36.
32. Nagano, K., H. Moriya, H. Asanuma, M. Sato, H. Niitsuma, and H. Kaieda (1994), Downhole AE measurement of hydraulic fracturing in Ogachi HDR model field, J. Geotherm. Res. Soc. Japan16, 85-108 (in Japanese).
33. Oye, V., H. Bungum, and M. Roth (2005), Source parameters and scaling relations for mining-related seismicity within the Pyhasalmi ore mine, Finland, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 95, 3, 1011-1026, DOI: 10. 1785/0120040170.
34. Phillips, W. S., T. D. Fairbanks, J. T. Rutledge, and D. W. Anderson (1998), Induced microearthquake patterns and oil-producing fracture systems in the Austin chalk, Tectonophysics289, 1-3, 153-169, DOI: 10. 1016/S0040-1951(97) 00313-2.
35. Phillips, W. S., J. T. Rutledge, L. S. House, and M. C. Fehler (2002), Induced microearthquake patterns in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs: Six case studies, Pure Appl. Geophys. 159, 1-3, 345-369.
36. Plesǐnger, A., M. Hellweg, and D. Seidl (1986), Interactive high-resolution polarization analysis of broadband seismograms, J. Geophys. 75, 129-139.
37. Raleigh, C. B., J. H. Healy, and J. D. Bredehoeft (1972), Faulting and crustal stress at Rangely, Colorado. In: H. C. Heard et al. (eds.), Flow and Fracture of Rocks, Geophysical Monograph Series16, AGU, Washington, D. C., 275-284.
38. Richardson, E., and T. H. Jordan (2002), Seismicity in deep gold mines of South Africa: Implications for tectonic earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 92, 5, 1766-1782, DOI: 10. 1785/0120000226.
39. Shapiro, S. A., J. Kummerow, C. Dinske, G. Asch, E. Rothert, J. Erzinger, H.-J. Kumpel, and R. Kind (2006), Fluid induced seismicity guided by a continental fault: Injection experiment of 2004/2005 at the German Deep Drilling Site (KTB), Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L01309, DOI: 10. 1029/2005 GL024659.
40. Simiyu, S. M. (1999), Induced micro-seismicity during well discharge: OW-719, Olkaria, Kenya rift, Geothermics28, 6, 785-802, DOI: 10. 1016/S0375-6505 (99)00043-7.
41. Snoke, J. A. (1987), Stable determination of (Brune) stress drop, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 77, 2, 530-538.
42. Tosha, T., M. Sugihara, and Y. Nishi (1998), Revised hypocenter solutions for microearthquakes in the Kakkonda geothermal field, Japan, Geothermics27, 5-6, 553-571, DOI: 10. 1016/S0375-6505(98)00033-9.
43. Trautwein, U., and E. Huenges (2005), Poroelastic behaviour of physical properties in Rotliegend sandstones under uniaxial strain, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 42, 7-8, 924-932, DOI: 10. 1016/j. ijrmms. 2005. 05. 016.
44. Urbancic, T. I., and R. P. Young (1993), Space-time variations in source parameters of mining-induced seismic events with M <0, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 83, 2, 378-397.
45. Urbancic, T. I., and C.-I. Trifu (1996), Effects of rupture complexity and stress regime on scaling relations of induced microseismic events, Pure Appl. Geophys. 147, 2, 319-343, DOI: 10. 1007/BF00877486.
46. Waldhauser, F., W. L. Ellsworth, D. P. Schaff, and A. Cole (2004), Streaks, multiplets, and holes: High-resolution spatio-temporal behavior of Parkfield seismicity, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L18608, DOI: 10. 1029/2004GL020649.
47. Weber, M., F. Zetsche, T. Ryberg, A. Schulze, E. Spangenberg, and E. Huenges (2005), Seismic detection limits of small, man-made reflectors: A test at a geothermal site in Northern Germany, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 95, 4, 1567-1573, DOI: 10. 1785/0120040124.
48. Yokota, T., S. Zhou, M. Mizoue, and I. Nakamura (1981), An automatic measurement of arrival time of seismic waves and its application to an on-line processing system, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo55, 449-484.
49. Zimmermann, G., and A. Reinicke (2010), Hydraulic stimulation of a deep sandstone reservoir to develop an Enhanced Geothermal System: Laboratory and field experiments, Geothermics39, 1, 70-77, DOI: 10. 1016/j. geothermics. 2009. 12. 003.
50. Zimmermann, G., A. Reinicke, W. Brandt, G. Blöcher, H. Milsch, H-G. Holl, I. Moeck, T. Schulte, A. Saadat, and E. Huenges (2008), Results of stimulation treatments at the geothermal research wells in Groß Schönebeck/Germany, Proc. Thirty-Third Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, January 28-30, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, SGP-TR-185.
51. Zimmermann, G., T. Tischner, B. Legarth, and E. Huenges (2009), Pressure-dependent production efficiency of an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS): Stimulation results and implications for hydraulic fracture treatments, Pure Appl. Geophys. 166, 5-7, 1089-1106, DOI: 10. 1007/s00024-009-0482-5.
52. Zimmermann, G., I. Moeck, and G. Blöcher (2010), Cyclic waterfrac stimulation to develop an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) - Conceptual design and experimental results, Geothermics39, 1, 59-69, DOI: 10. 1016/j. geothermics. 2009. 10. 003.
53. Zoback, M. D., and H.-P. Harjes (1997), Injection-induced earthquakes and crustal stress at 9 km depth at the KTB deep drilling site, Germany, J. Geophys. Res. 102, B8, 18477-18491, DOI: 10. 1029/96JB02814.