Requirements in the 21st century: Current practice and emerging trends

Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

Volumn 14 LNBIP, Issue , 2009, Pages 44-87

  Hansen, Sean ^a   Berente, Nicholas ^a   Lyytinen, Kalle ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Change; Complexity; Field study; Large systems; Modeling; Requirements; Specification; Stakeholders; Validation; Verification

Indexed keywords

MODELS; REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING; RESEARCH; SPECIFICATIONS; VERIFICATION;

CHANGE; COMPLEXITY; FIELD STUDIES; LARGE SYSTEM; REQUIREMENTS; STAKEHOLDERS; VALIDATION;

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT;

EID: 83055182659     PISSN: 18651348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-92966-6_3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (147)

1. Simon, H.: The Sciences of the Artificial. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)
2. Norman, D.A.: The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books (2002)
3. Nuseibeh, B., Easterbrook, S.: Requirements Engineering: A Roadmap. In: Proceedings of the conference on The future of Software engineering, pp. 35-46. ACM Press, New York (2000)
4. Ross, D.T., Schoman Jr., K.E.: Structured Analysis for Requirements Definition. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 3, 6-15 (1977)
5. Guinan, P.J., Cooprider, J.G., Faraj, S.: Enabling Software Development Team Performance During Requirements Definition: A Behavioral Versus Technical Approach. Information Systems Research 9, 101-125 (1998)
6. Mumford, E.: Effective Systems Design and Requirements Analysis: The ETHICS Approach. Macmillan, Basingstoke (1995)
7. Montazemi, A., Conrath, D.: The Use of Cognitive Mapping for Information Requirements Analysis. MIS Quarterly 10, 45-56 (1986)
8. Davis, G.: Strategies for Information Requirements Determination. IBM Systems Journal 21, 4-30 (1982)
9. Yadav, S., Ralph, R., Akemi, T., Rajkumar, T.: Comparison of analysis techniques for information requirement determination. Communications of the ACM 31, 1090-1097 (1988) (Pubitemid 18662479)
10. Wiegers, K.: Software Requirements. Microsoft Press, Redmond (1999)
11. Crowston, K., Kammerer, E.: Coordination and Collective Mind in Software Requirements Development. IBM Systems Journal 37, 227-246 (1998)
12. Sommerville, I., Sawyer, P.: Requirements Engineering: A Good Practice Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1997)
13. Kotonya, G., Sommerville, I.: Requirements Engineering: Processes and Techniques. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1998)
14. Hoffer, J., George, J., Valacich, J.: Modern Systems Analysis and Design. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2001)
15. Whitten, J.L., Bentley, L.D.: Systems Analysis and Design Methods. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York (2007)
16. Ulrich, K., Eppinger, S.: Product design and development. McGraw-Hill, New York (1995)
17. van Lamsweerde, A.: Requirements Engineering in the Year 00: A Research Perspective. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Software engineering, pp. 5-19 (2000)
18. Zave, P.: Classification of research efforts in requirements engineering. ACM Computing Surveys 29, 315-321 (1997)
19. Bell, T., Thayer, T.: Software requirements: Are they really a problem? In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering, pp. 61-68 (1976)
20. Boehm, B.: Software Engineering Economics. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River (1981)
21. Boehm, B., Papaccio, P.: Understanding and controlling software costs. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 14, 1462-1477 (1988)
22. Scharer, L.: Pinpointing Requirements. Datamation 27, 139-151 (1981)
23. Orr, K.: Agile requirements: opportunity or oxymoron? Software, IEEE 21, 71-73 (2004)
24. Bergman, M., King, J., Lyytinen, K.: Large-Scale Requirements Analysis Revisited: The need for Understanding the Political Ecology of Requirements Engineering. Requirements Engineering 7, 152-171 (2002)
25. Lindquist, C.: Fixing the Requirements Mess. CIO Magazine, 52-60 (2005)
26. Group, T.S.: The CHAOS Report. West Yarmouth, MA (1995)
27. Aurum, A., Wohlin, C.: Requirements Engineering: Setting the Context. In: Aurum, A., Wohlin, C. (eds.) Engineering and Managing Software Requirements, pp. 1-15. Springer, Berlin (2005)
28. Leffingwell, D., Widrig, D.: Managing Software Requirements: A Unified Approach. Addison-Wesley Professional, Reading (1999)
29. Hickey, A., Davis, A.: Elicitation technique selection: how do experts do it? In: Proceedings of 11th IEEE International on Requirements Engineering Conference, pp. 169-178 (2003)
30. Keil, M., Cule, P.E., Lyytinen, K., Schmidt, R.C.: A framework for identifying software project risks. Communications of the ACM 41, 76-83 (1998) (Pubitemid 128448488)
31. Kaindl, H., Brinkkemper, S., Bubenko Jr., J.A., Farbey, B., Greenspan, S.J., Heitmeyer, C.L., Leite, J.C.S.P., Mead, N.R., Mylopoulos, J., Siddiqi, J.: Requirements Engineering and Technology Transfer: Obstacles, Incentives and Improvement Agenda. Requirements Engineering 7, 113-123 (2002)
32. Zowghi, D., Coulin, C.: Requirements Elicitation: A Survey of Techniques, Approaches, and Tools. Engineering and Managing Software Requirements (2005)
33. Siddiqi, J., Shekaran, M.C.: Requirements Engineering: The Emerging Wisdom. IEEE Software 13, 15-19 (1996)
34. Berry, D.M., Lawrence, B.: Requirements Engineering. IEEE Software 15, 26-29 (1998)
35. Zave, P., Jackson, M.: Four Dark Corners of Requirements Engineering. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 6, 1-30 (1997) (Pubitemid 127446681)
36. Wiegers, K.E.: Read My Lips: No New Models! IEEE Software 15, 10-13 (1998)
37. Davis, A.M., Hickey, A.M.: Requirements Researchers: Do We Practice What We Preach? Requirements Engineering 7, 107-111 (2002)
38. Davis, A.M.: Software Requirements: Objects, Functions, and States. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (1993)
39. Loucopoulos, P., Karakostas, V.: System Requirements Engineering. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York (1995)
40. Hull, E., Jackson, K., Dick, J.: Requirements Engineering. Springer, London (2005)
41. Jackson, M.: Software Requirements & Specifications: A Lexicon of Practice, Principles and Prejudices. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., New York (1995)
42. Windle, D.R., Abreo, L.R.: Software Requirements Using the Unified Process: A Practical Approach. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River (2002)
43. Wieringa, R.J.: Requirements Engineering: Frameworks for Understanding. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1996)
44. Vessey, I., Conger, S.A.: Requirements Specification: Learning Object, Process, and Data Methodologies. Communications of the ACM 37, 102-113 (1994)
45. Dorfman, M.: Software Requirements Engineering. In: Thayer, R.H., Dorfman, M. (eds.) Software Requirements Engineering, pp. 7-22. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (1997)
46. Ghezzi, C., Jazayeri, M., Mandrioli, D.: Fundamentals of Software Engineering. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1991)
47. Boehm, B.W.: Verifying and validating software requirements and design specifications. IEEE Software 1, 75-88 (1984)
48. Goguen, J., Linde, C.: Techniques for Requirements Elicitation. Requirements Engineering 93, 152-164 (1993)
49. Agarwal, R., Tanniru, M.T.: Knowledge Acquisition Using Structured Interviewing: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Management Information Systems 7, 123-140 (1990)
50. Wright, G., Ayton, P.: Eliciting and modelling expert knowledge. Decision Support Systems 3, 13-26 (1987)
51. Byrd, T., Cossick, K., Zmud, R.: A Synthesis of Research on Requirements Analysis and Knowledge Acquisition Techniques. MIS Quarterly 16, 117-138 (1992)
52. Beyer, H., Holtzblatt, K.: Apprenticing with the customer. Communications of the ACM 38, 45-52 (1995)
53. Viller, S., Sommerville, I.: Social Analysis in the Requirements Engineering Process: From Ethnography to Method. In: International Symposium on Requirements Engineering. IEEE, Limerick, Ireland (1999)
54. Alavi, M.: An Assessment of the Prototyping Approach to Information Systems Development. Communications of the ACM 27, 556-563 (1984) (Pubitemid 14628200)
55. Glass, R.L.: Searching for the Holy Grail of Software Engineering. Communications of the ACM 45, 15-16 (2002) (Pubitemid 135702535)
56. Hickey, A.M., Davis, A.M.: A Unified Model of Requirements Elicitation. Journal of Management Information Systems 20, 65-84 (2004)
57. Boland, R.J.: The process and product of system design. In: Management Science, INFORMS, Institute for Operations Research, vol. 24, p. 887 (1978)
58. Ropponen, J., Lyytinen, K.: Components of software development risk: how to address them? A project manager survey. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 26, 98-112 (2000)
59. Jørgensen, M., Sjøberg, D.I.K.: The Impact of Customer Expectation on Software Development Effort Estimates. International Journal of Project Management 22, 317-325 (2004) (Pubitemid 38403726)
60. Cook, S., Brown, J.: Bridging Epistemologies: The Generative Dance between Organizational Knowledge and Organizational Knowing. Organization Science 10, 381-400 (1999)
61. Stewart, D., Shamdasani, P.: Focus Groups: Theory and Practice. Sage Publications, Newbury Park (1990)
62. Boehm, B.: A spiral model of software development and enhancement. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 11, 22-42 (1986)
63. Boehm, B.: Verifying and validating software requirements and design specifications. Software risk management table of contents, 205-218 (1989)
64. Garfinkel, H.: The origins of the term 'ethnomethodology'. Ethnomethodology, 15-18 (1974)
65. Lynch, M.: Scientific practice and ordinary action: ethnomethodology and social studies of science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993)
66. Siddiqi, J.: Challenging universal truths of requirements engineering. IEEE Software 11, 18-19 (1994)
67. Shekaran, C., Garlan, D., Jackson, M., Mead, N.R., Potts, C., Reubenstein, H.B.: The Role of Software Architecture in Requirements Engineering. In: First International Conference on Requirements Engineering, pp. 239-245. IEEE Computer Society Press, San Diego (1994)
68. Baldwin, C.Y., Clark, K.B.: Design Rules, The Power of Modularity, vol. 1. MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)
69. Palmer, J.D.: Traceability. In: Thayer, R.H., Dorfman, M. (eds.) Software Requirements Engineering. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (1997)
70. Ramesh, B.: Factors influencing requirements traceability practice. Communications of the ACM 41, 37-44 (1998)
71. Wieringa, R.J.: An Introduction to Requirements Traceability. Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit 1995
72. Hsia, P., Davis, A.M., Kung, D.C.: Status Report: Requirements Engineering. IEEE Software 10, 75-79 (1993)
73. van Lamsweerde, A.: Formal Specification: A Roadmap. In: Conference on the Future of Software Engineering, pp. 147-159. ACM Press, Limerick (2000)
74. Balzer, R., Goldman, N., Wile, D.: Informality in Program Specifications. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 4, 94-103 (1978)
75. Ackerman, M., Hadverson, C.: Reexamining organizational memory. Communications of the ACM 43, 58-64 (2000)
76. Reubenstein, H.B., Waters, R.C.: The Requirements Apprentice: Automated Assistance for Requirements Acquisition. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 17, 226-240 (1991)
77. Gervasi, V., Nuseibeh, B.: Lightweight validation of natural language requirements. Software Practice and Experience 32, 113-133 (2002) (Pubitemid 34138416)
78. Goldin, L., Berry, D.M.: AbstFinder, A Prototype Natural Language Text Abstraction Finder for Use in Requirements Elicitation. Automated Software Engineering 4, 375-412 (1997) (Pubitemid 127507512)
79. Ryan, K.: The role of natural language in requirements engineering. In: IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, San Diego, CA, pp. 240-242 (1993)
80. Borgida, A., Greenspan, S., Mylopoulos, J.: Knowledge Representation as the Basis for Requirements Specifications. IEEE Computer 18, 82-91 (1985) (Pubitemid 15491359)
81. Mylopoulos, J.: Information Modeling in the Time of the Revolution. Information Systems 23, 127-155 (1998) (Pubitemid 128679832)
82. Checkland, P.: Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1981)
83. Checkland, P., Scholes, J.: Soft Systems Methodology in Action. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1990)
84. Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I., Booch, G.: The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual. Addison-Wesley Longman, Essex (1998)
85. Scholz-Reiter, B., Stickel, E.: Business Process Modelling. Springer, Secaucus (1996)
86. Scheer, A.-W.: ARIS-Architecture of Integrated Information Systems. Springer, Heidelberg (1992)
87. Leppänen, M.: An Ontological Framework and a Methodical Skeleton for Method Engineering: A Contextual Approach. University of Jyväskylä (2005)
88. Machado, R.J., Ramos, I., Fernandes, J.M.: Specification of Requirements Models. In: Aurum, A., Wohlin, C. (eds.) Engineering and Managing Software Requirements, pp. 47-68. Springer, Berlin (2005)
89. Mylopoulos, J., Chung, L., Yu, E.: From Object-Oriented to Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis. Communications of the ACM 42, 31-37 (1999)
90. Brand, D., Zafiropulo, P.: On Communicating Finite-State Machines. Journal of the ACM 30, 323-342 (1983)
91. Peterson, J.L.: Petri Nets. ACM Computing Surveys 9, 223-252 (1977)
92. Harel, D.: Statecharts: A Visual Formalism for Complex Systems. Science of Computer Programming 8, 231-274 (1987) (Pubitemid 17617706)
93. Ross, D.T.: Structured Analysis (SA): A Language for Communicating Ideas. Transactions on Software Engineering 3, 16-34 (1977)
94. DeMarco, T.: Structured Analysis and System Specification. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1979)
95. Yourdon, E., Constantine, L.L.: Structured Design. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1979)
96. Sutcliffe, A.G.: Object-oriented systems development: survey of structured methods. Information and Software Technology 33, 433-442 (1991) (Pubitemid 21694935)
97. Rumbaugh, J., Blaha, M., Premerlani, W., Eddy, F., Lorensen, W.: Object-Oriented Modeling and Design. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs (1991)
98. Jacobson, I., Christerson, M., Jonsson, P., Overgaard, G.: Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach, vol. 524. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1992)
99. Bonabeau, E.: Agent-Based Modeling: Methods and Techniques for Simulating Human Systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, 7280-7287 (2002) (Pubitemid 34522724)
100. Axelrod, R.M.: The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1997)
101. Carley, K., Krackhardt, D.: Cognitive inconsistencies and non-symmetric friendship. Social Networks 18, 1-27 (1996) (Pubitemid 126171786)
102. Carley, K.M.: Computational and mathematical organization theory: Perspective and directions. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 1, 39-56 (1995)
103. Epstein, J.M., Axtell, R.: Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. Brookings Institution Press, Washington (1996)
104. van Lamsweerde, A.: Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: A Guided Tour. In: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, pp. 249-263. IEEE, Toronto (2001)
105. Dardenne, A., van Lamsweerde, A., Fickas, S.: Goal-Directed Requirements Acquisition. Science of Computer Programming 20, 3-50 (1993) (Pubitemid 23672084)
106. van Lamsweerde, A., Darimont, R., Letier, E.: Managing conflicts in goal-driven requirements engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 24, 908-926 (1998) (Pubitemid 128740282)
107. Mylopoulos, J., Chung, L., Nixon, B.: Representing and using nonfunctional requirements: a process-oriented approach. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 18, 483-497 (1992)
108. Miller, J.A., Sheth, A.P., Kochut, K.J.: Perspectives in Modeling: Simulation, Database and Workflow. In: Chen, P.P., Akoka, J., Kangassalu, H., Thalheim, B. (eds.) Conceptual Modeling. LNCS, vol. 1565, pp. 154-167. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)
109. Menzel, C., Mayer, R.J.: The IDEF Family of Languages. Handbook on Architectures of Information Systems 1, 209-241 (1998)
110. Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I.: The Unified Modeling Language User Guide. Addison Wesley Longman, Redwood City (1999)
111. Kobryn, C.: UML 2001: a standardization odyssey. Communications of the ACM 42, 29-37 (2001)
112. Welke, R.J., Kumar, K.: Method engineering: a proposal for situation-specific methodology construction. In: Cotterman, Senn (eds.) Systems Analysis and Design: A Research Agenda, pp. 257-268. Wiley, Chichester (1992)
113. Harmsen, F., Brinkkemper, S., Oei, H.: Situational Method Engineering for Information System Project Approaches. IFIP Transactions A: Computer Science & Technology, 169-194 (1994)
114. Gray, J., Bapty, T., Neema, S., Tuck, J.: Handling crosscutting constraints in domain-specific modeling. Communications of the ACM 44, 87-93 (2001) (Pubitemid 33636745)
115. Ledeczi, A., Bakay, A., Maroti, M., Volgyesi, P., Nordstrom, G., Sprinkle, J., Karsai, G.: Composing domain-specific design environments. Computer 34, 44-51 (2001)
116. Rossi, M., Ramesh, B., Lyytinen, K., Tolvanen, J.-P.: Managing Evolutionary Method Engineering by Method Rationale. Journal of the AIS 5 (2004)
117. Pohl, K.: Requirement Engineering: An overview. Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology. Marcel Dekker, New York (1996)
118. Easterbrook, S.: Handling Conflict between Domain Descriptions with Computer-Supported Negotiation. Knowledge Acquisition 3, 255-289 (1991)
119. Grünbacher, P., Seyff, N.: Requirements Negotiation. In: Aurum, A., Wohlin, C. (eds.) Engineering and Managing Software Requirements, pp. 143-162. Springer, Berlin (2005)
120. Berander, P., Andrews, A.: Requirements Prioritization. In: Aurum, A., Wohlin, C. (eds.) Engineering and Managing Software Requirements, pp. 69-94. Springer, Berlin (2005)
121. Regnell, B., Höst, M., Dag, J.N.: An Industrial Case Study on Distributed Prioritisation in Market-Driven Requirements Engineering for Packaged Software. Requirements Engineering 6, 51-62 (2001)
122. Feather, M.S., Fickas, S., Finkelstein, A., van Lamsweerde, A.: Requirements and Specification Exemplars. Automated Software Engineering 4, 419-438 (1997) (Pubitemid 127507513)
123. Robinson, W., Volkov, V.: Supporting the Negotiation Life Cycle. Communications of the ACM 41, 95-102 (1998)
124. Robinson, W.N.: Negotiation behavior during requirement specification. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 268-276. IEEE Computer Society Press, Nice (1990)
125. Fisher, R., Ury, W.: Getting to Yes: Negotiating without Giving In, Boston, MA (1991)
126. Boehm, B.W., Egyed, A.: Win Win Requirements Negotiation Processes: A Multi-Project Analysis. In: 5th International Conference on Software Processes (1998)
127. Grünbacher, P., Briggs, R.O.: Surfacing Tacit Knowledge in Requirements Negotiation: Experiences using Easy Win Win. In: 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2001)
128. Robinson, W.N., Fickas, S.: Automated Support for Requirements Negotiation. In: AAAI 1994 Workshop on Models of Conflict Management in Cooperative Problem Solving, pp. 90-96 (1994)
129. Kotonya, G., Sommerville, I.: Requirements Engineering with Viewpoints. Software Engineering Journal 11, 5-18 (1996) (Pubitemid 126797083)
130. Leite, J.C.S.P., Freeman, P.A.: Requirements Validation through Viewpoint Resolution. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 17, 1253-1269 (1991)
131. Knight, J.C., Myers, E.A.: An Improved Inspection Technique. Communications of the ACM 36, 51-61 (1993)
132. Yourdon, E.: Structured Walkthroughs. Yourdon Press, Upper Saddle River (1989)
133. Soni, D., Nord, R., Hofmeister, C.: Software Architecture in Industrial Applications. In: 17th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 196-207. ACM Press, New York (1995)
134. Glaser, B.G., Strauss, A.L.: Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago (1967)
135. Eisenhardt, K.: Building Theories from Case Study Research. Acad. Manage. Rev. 14, 532-550 (1989)
136. Lyytinen, K., Mathiassen, L., Ropponen, J.: Attention Shaping and Software Risk - A Categorical Analysis of Four Classical Risk Management Approaches. Information Systems Research 9, 233-255 (1998)
137. Kruchten, P.: The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction. Pearson Education, Boston (2003)
138. Vessey, I., Sravanapudi, A.P.: CASE tools as collaborative support technologies. Communications of the ACM 38, 83-95 (1995)
139. Stohr, E., Zhao, J.: Workflow Automation: Overview and Research Issues. Information Systems Frontiers 3, 281-296 (2001)
140. Becker, J., Rosemann, M., von Uthmann, C.: Guidelines of Business Process Modeling. In: van der Aalst, W., Desel, J., Oberweis, A. (eds.) Business Process Management-Models, Techniques, and Empirical Studies, pp. 30-49. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)
141. King, W.R.: IT Capabilities, Business Processes, and Impact on the Bottom Line. In: Brown, C.V., Topi, H. (eds.) IS Management Handbook. Auerbach Publications, Boca Raton (2003)
142. Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L.M.: Beyond Computation: Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance. In: Malone, T.W., Laubacher, R., Scott Morton, M.S. (eds.) Inventing the organizations of the 21st century, pp. 71-99. MIT Press, Cambridge (2003)
143. Jarke, M., Pohl, K.: Requirements Engineering in 2001 (Virtually) Managing a Changing Reality. Software Engineering Journal 9, 257-266 (1994)
144. Damian, D., Eberlein, A., Shaw, M., Gaines, B.: An exploratory study of facilitation in distributed requirements engineering. Requirements Engineering 8, 23-41 (2003) (Pubitemid 36921478)
145. Grünbacher, P., Braunsberger, P.: Tool Support for Distributed Requirements Negotiation. Cooperative methods and tools for distributed software processes, 56-66 (2003)
146. Brooks, F.P.: No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents in Software Engineering. IEEE Computer 20, 10-19 (1987)
147. Greenspan, S., Mylopoulos, J., Borgida, A.: On Formal Requirements Modeling Languages: RML Revisited. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE-16), Sorrento, Italy, pp. 135-147 (1994)