Ocean fronts trigger high latitude phytoplankton blooms

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 38, Issue 23, 2011, Pages

  Taylor, J R ^a   Ferrari, R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGAE CONTROL; BLOOMS (METAL); CHLOROPHYLL; OCEANOGRAPHY; PHYTOPLANKTON; SHOCK TUBES; TURBULENT FLOW;

AMBIENT LIGHT; CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; HIGH LATITUDES; OCEAN FRONT; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; RESTRATIFICATION; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE COOLING; TURBULENT MIXING; UPPER OCEAN; VERTICAL MIXING; WATER COLUMNS;

MIXING;

ALGAL BLOOM; CHLOROPHYLL; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ESTER; LATITUDE; NUMERICAL MODEL; OCEANIC FRONT; PHYTOPLANKTON; SATELLITE IMAGERY; STABILIZATION; THRESHOLD; TURBULENT MIXING; WATER COLUMN;

EID: 82955189800     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011GL049312     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Backhaus, J., E.Hegseth, H. Wehde, X. Irigoien, K. Hatten, and K. Logemann (2003), Convection and primary production in winter, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 251, 1-14. (Pubitemid 36551371)
2. Boccaletti, G., R. Ferrari, and B. Fox-Kemper (2007), Mixed layer instabilities and restratification, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37(9), 2228-2250. (Pubitemid 47543168)
3. Capet, X., J. McWilliams, M. Molemaker, and A. Shchepetkin (2008), Mesoscale to submesoscale transition in the California Current System. Part I: Flow structure, eddy flux, and observational tests, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38(1), 29-43. (Pubitemid 351266349)
4. D'Asaro, E., C. Lee, L. Rainville, R. Harcourt, and L. Thomas (2011), Enhanced turbulence and energy dissipation at ocean fronts, Science, 332(6027), 318.
5. Dutkiewicz, S., M. Follows, J. Marshall, and W. Gregg (2001), Interannual variability of phytoplankton abundances in the North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 48, 2323-2344. (Pubitemid 32507508)
6. Fox-Kemper, B., R. Ferrari, and R. Hallberg (2008), Parameterization of mixed layer eddies. Part I: Theory and diagnosis, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38(6), 1145-1165.
7. Gran, H., and T. Braarud (1935), A quantitative study on the phytoplankton of the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of Maine (including observations on hydrography, chemistry and morbidity), J. Biol. Board Can., 1, 219-467.
8. Huisman, J., P. van Oostveen, and F. Weissing (1999), Critical depth and critical turbulence: Two different mechanisms for the development of phytoplankton blooms, Limnol. Oceanogr., 44(7), 1781-1787. (Pubitemid 29514881)
9. Huisman, J., M. Arrayás, U. Ebert, and B. Sommeijer (2002), How do sinking phytoplankton species manage to persist?, Am. Nat., 159, 245-254. (Pubitemid 34175732)
10. Klein, P., and G. Lapeyre (2009), The oceanic vertical pump induced by mesoscale and submesoscale turbulence, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 351-375.
11. Laws, E. A., P. G. Falkowski, W. O. Smith Jr., H. Ducklow, and J. J. McCarthy (2000), Temperature effects on export production in the open ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14(4), 1231-1246. (Pubitemid 32281836)
12. Lévy, M. (2005), Nutrients in remote mode, Nature, 437, 628-631.
13. Lévy, M., P. Klein, and A. Treguier (2001), Impact of sub-mesoscale physics on production and subduction of phytoplankton in an oligotrophic regime, J. Mar. Res., 59(4), 535-565. (Pubitemid 33028437)
14. Longhurst, A., and W. Harrison (1989), The biological pump: Profiles of plankton production and consumption in the upper ocean, Prog. Oceanogr, 22, 47-123. (Pubitemid 20420407)
15. Longhurst, A., S. Sathyendranath, T. Platt, and C. Caverhill (1995), An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data, J. Plankton Res., 17(6), 1245-1271. (Pubitemid 26437016)
16. Mahadevan, A., and D. Archer (2000), Modeling the impact of fronts and mesoscale circulation on the nutrient supply and biogeochemistry of the upper ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105(C1), 1209-1225.
17. Mahadevan, A., and A. Tandon (2006), An analysis of mechanisms for submesoscale vertical motion at ocean fronts, Ocean Modell, 14(3-4), 241-256. (Pubitemid 44070682)
18. Mahadevan, A., L. Thomas, and A. Tandon (2008), Comment on "Eddy/wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms," Science, 320(5875), 448.
19. Mahadevan, A., A. Tandon, and R. Ferrari (2010), Rapid changes in mixed layer stratification driven by submesoscale instabilities and winds, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C03017, doi:10.1029/2008JC005203.
20. McGillicuddy, D., et al. (2007), Eddy/wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms, Science, 316(5827), 1021-1026.
21. Rudnick, D. L., and J. R. Luyten (1996), Intensive surveys of the Azores Front: 1. Tracers and dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 101(C1), 923-939.
22. Stone, P. (1966), On non-geostrophic baroclinic stability, J. Atmos. Sci., 23(4), 390-400.
23. Stone, P. (1970), On non-geostrophic baroclinic stability: Part II, J. Atmos. Sci., 27(5), 721-726.
24. Stramska, M., T. D. Dickey, A. Plueddemann, R. Weller, C. Langdon, and J. Marra (1995), Bio-optical variability associated with phytoplankton dynamics in the North Atlantic Ocean during spring and summer of 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 100(C4), 6621-6632.
25. Sverdrup, H. (1953), On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton, J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 18, 287-295.
26. Takahashi, T., et al. (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 56(8-10), 554-577.
27. Tandon, A., and C. Garrett (1995), Geostrophic adjustment and restratification of a mixed layer with horizontal gradients above a stratified layer, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25(10), 2229-2241. (Pubitemid 26463851)
28. Taylor, J., and R. Ferrari (2009), On the equilibration of a symmetrically unstable front via a secondary shear instability, J. Fluid Mech., 622, 103-113.
29. Taylor, J., and R. Ferrari (2010), Buoyancy and wind-driven convection at a mixed-layer density fronts, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40(6), 1222-1242.
30. Taylor, J., and R. Ferrari (2011), Shutdown of turbulent convection as a new criterion for the onset of spring phytoplankton blooms, submitted to Limnology and Oceanography, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56(6), pp. 2293-2307, doi:10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2293.
31. Thomas, L. N., and J. R. Taylor (2010), Reduction of the usable wind-work on the general circulation by forced symmetric instability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18606, doi:10.1029/2010GL044680.
32. Thomas, L., A. Tandon, and M. Mahadevan (2008), Submesoscale processes and dynamics, in Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime, Geophys. Monogr. Ser, vol. 177, edited by M. W. Hecht and H. Hasumi, chap. 4, pp. 17-38, AGU, Washington, D. C.
33. Thurman, H., and A. Trujillo (1999), Essentials of Oceanography, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N. J.
34. Ward, B., and J. Waniek (2007), Phytoplankton growth conditions during autumn and winter in the Irminger Sea, North Atlantic, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 334, 47-61. (Pubitemid 46657908)