U-Pb geochronology of basement rocks in central Tibet and paleogeographic implications

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 23-50

  Guynn, Jerome ^a   Kapp, Paul ^a   Gehrels, George E ^a   Ding, Lin ^b  

^a University of Arizona   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Amdo; Lhasa; Paleogeography; Qiangtang; Tibet; Zircon

Indexed keywords

BASEMENT ROCK; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GONDWANA; MAGMATISM; ORTHOGNEISS; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PLUTON; PROTEROZOIC; RODINIA; SANDSTONE; SUTURE ZONE; URANIUM-LEAD DATING; ZIRCON;

CHINA; SOUTH CHINA BLOCK; XIZANG; YANGTZE PLATFORM;

EID: 82855165054     PISSN: 13679120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.09.003     Document Type: Article

References (129)

1. Ali J.R., Aitchison J.C. Greater India. Earth-Science Reviews 2005, 72:169-188.
2. Allégre C.J., Courtillot V., Tapponnier P., Hirn A., Mattauer M., Coulon C., Jaeger J.J., Achache J., Scharer U., Marcoux J., Burg J.P., Girardeau J., Armijo R., Gariepy C., Gopel C., Li T.D., Xiao X.C., Chang C.F., Li G.Q., Lin B.Y., Teng J.W., Wang N.W., Chen G.M., Han T.L., Wang X.B., Den W.M., Sheng H.B., Cao Y.G., Zhou J., Qiu H.R., Bao P.S., Wang S.C., Wang B.X., Zhou Y.X., Ronghua X. Structure and evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet orogenic belt. Nature 1984, 307:17-22.
3. Avigad D., Kolodner K., McWilliams M., Persing H., Weissbrod T. Origin of northern Gondwana Cambrian sandstone revealed by detrital zircon SHRIMP dating. Geology 2003, 31:227-230.
4. Boger S.D., Miller J.M. Terminal suturing of Gondwana and the onset of the Ross-Delamerian Orogeny: the cause and effect of an Early Cambrian reconfiguration of plate motions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 219:35-48.
5. Boger S.D., Carson C.J., Wilson C.J.L., Fanning C.M. Neoproterozoic deformation in the Radok Lake region of the northern Prince Charles Mountains, east Antarctica; evidence for a single protracted orogenic event. Precambrian Research 2000, 104:1-24.
6. Buick I.S., Allen C., Pandit M., Rubatto D., Hermann J. The Proterozoic magmatic and metamorphic history of the Banded Gneiss Complex, central Rajasthan, India: LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon constraints. Precambrian Research 2006, 151:119-142.
7. Burg J.P., Chen G.M. Tectonics and structural zonation of southern Tibet, China. Nature 1984, 311:219-223.
8. Cawood P.A., Nemchin A.A. Provenance record of a rift basin: U/Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Perth Basin, Western Australia. Sedimentary Geology 2000, 134:209-234.
9. Cawood P.A., Johnson M.R.W., Nemchin A.A. Early Palaeozoic orogenesis along the Indian margin of Gondwana: tectonic response to Gondwana assembly. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 255:70-84.
10. Chang C.-F., Zheng S.-L. Tectonic features of the Mount Jolmo Lungma region in southern Tibet, China. Scientia Geologica Sinica 1973, 1:1-12.
11. Chang C.F., Chen N.S., Coward M.P., Deng W.M., Dewey J.F., Gansser A., Harris N.B.W., Jin C.W., Kidd W.S.F., Leeder M.R., Li H.A., Lin J.L., Liu C.J., Mei H.J., Molnar P., Pan Y., Pan Y.S., Pearce J.A., Shackleton R.M., Smith A.B., Sun Y.Y., Ward M., Watts D.R., Xu J.T., Xu R.H., Yin J.X., Zhang Y.Q. Preliminary conclusions of the Royal Society and Academia-Sinica 1985 Geotraverse of Tibet. Nature 1986, 323:501-507.
12. Chen Z., Lu S., Li H., Li H., Xiang Z., Zhou H., Song B. Constraining the role of the Qinling orogen in the assembly and break-up of Rodinia: tectonic implications for Neoproterozoic granite occurrences. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2006, 28:99-115.
13. Chiu H.-Y., Chung S.-L., Wu F.-Y., Liu D., Liang Y.-H., Lin I.J., Iizuka Y., Xie L.-W., Wang Y., Chu M.-F. Zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic constraints from eastern Transhimalayan batholiths on the precollisional magmatic and tectonic evolution in southern Tibet. Tectonophysics 2009, 477:3-19.
14. Collins A.S., Kroner A., Fitzsimons I.C.W., Razakamanana T. Detrital footprint of the Mozambique ocean: U-Pb SHRIMP and Pb evaporation zircon geochronology of metasedimentary gneisses in eastern Madagascar. Tectonophysics 2003, 375:77-99.
15. Condie K.C. Supercontinents, superplumes and continental growth: the Neoproterozoic record. Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup 2003, vol. 206:1-22. Geological Society, London, (Special Publications).
16. Cottle J.M., Jessup M.J., Newell D.L., Horstwood M.S.A., Noble S.R., Parrish R.R., Waters D.J., Searle M.P. Geochronology of granulitized eclogite from the Ama Drime Massif: implications for the tectonic evolution of the South Tibetan Himalaya. Tectonics 2009, 28:TC1002.
17. Coward M.P., Kidd W.S.F., Yun P., Shackleton R.M., Hu Z. The Structure of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1988, 327:307-336.
18. Cox R., Coleman D.S., Chokel C.B., DeOreo S.B., Wooden J.L., Collins A.S., De Waele B., Kroner A. Proterozoic tectonostratigraphy and paleogeography of central Madagascar derived from detrital zircon U-Pb age populations. Journal of Geology 2004, 112:379-399.
19. Deb M., Thorpe R.I., Krstic D., Corfu F., Davis D.W. Zircon U-Pb and galena Pb isotope evidence for an approximate 1.0Ga terrane constituting the western margin of the Aravalli-Delhi orogenic belt, northwestern India. Precambrian Research 2001, 108:195-213.
20. DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Quade J., LaReau B., Spurlin M. Tectonic implications of U-Pb zircon ages of the Himalayan orogenic belt in Nepal. Science 2000, 288:497-499.
21. Dewey J.F., Shackleton R.M., Chang C.F., Sun Y.Y. The Tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1988, 327:379-413.
22. Ding L., Kapp P., Zhong D., Deng W. Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology 2003, 44:1833-1865.
23. DiPietro J.A., Isachsen C.E. U-Pb zircon ages from the Indian plate in northwest Pakistan and their significance to Himalayan and pre-Himalayan geologic history. Tectonics 2001, 20:510-525.
24. Dong X., Zhang Z., Santosh M. Zircon U-Pb chronology of the Nyingtri Group, southern Lhasa Terrane, Tibetan Plateau: implications for Grenvillian and Pan-African provenance and Mesozoic-Cenozoic metamorphism. The Journal of Geology 2010, 118:677-690.
25. Duan L., Meng Q.-R., Zhang C.-L., Liu X.-M. Tracing the position of the South China block in Gondwana: U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of Devonian detrital zircons. Gondwana Research 2011, 19:141-149.
26. Ferrari O.M., Hochard C., Stampfli G.M. An alternative plate tectonic model for the Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic Palaeotethyan evolution of Southeast Asia (Northern Thailand-Burma). Tectonophysics 2008, 451:346-365.
27. Fitzsimons I.C.W. Grenville-age basement provinces in East Antarctica: evidence for three separate collisional orogens. Geology 2000, 28:879-882.
28. Fitzsimons I.C.W. Proterozoic basement provinces of Southern and Southwestern Australia, and their correlation with Antarctica. Proterozoic East Gondwana: Supercontinent Assembly and Breakup 2003, vol. 206:93-120. Geological Society, London, (Special Publications).
29. Gaetani M., Garzanti E. Multicyclic history of the northern India continental-margin (northwestern Himalaya). American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1991, 75:1427-1446.
30. Garzanti E., Casnedi R., Jadoul F. Sedimentary evidence of a Cambro-Ordovician orogenic event in the northwestern Himalaya. Sedimentary Geology 1986, 48:237-265.
31. Gehrels G.E., DeCelles P.G., Martin A., Ojha T.P., Pinhassi G., Upreti B.N. Initiation of the Himalayan orogen as an early Paleozoic thin-skinned thrust belt. GSA Today 2003, 13:4-9.
32. Gehrels G.E., Yin A., Wang X.F. Magmatic history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth 2003, 108. 10.1029/2002JB001876.
33. Gehrels G.E., Valencia V.A., Ruiz J. Enhanced precision, accuracy, efficiency, and spatial resolution of U-Pb ages by laser ablation-multicollector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2008, 9:Q03017.
34. Gessner K., Collins A.S., Ring U., Güngör T. Structural and thermal history of poly-orogenic basement: U-Pb geochronology of granitoid rocks in the southern Menderes Massif, Western Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society 2004, 161:93-101.
35. Girardeau J., Marcoux J., Allégre C.J., Bassoullet J.P., Tang Y.K., Xiao X.C., Zao Y.G., Wang X.B. Tectonic environment and geodynamic significance of the Neo-Cimmerian Donqiao ophiolite, Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, Tibet. Nature 1984, 307:27-31.
36. 39Ar thermochronology. Tectonics 2001, 20:729-747.
37. Gradstein F.M., Ogg J.G., Smith A.G., Bleeker W., Lourens L.J. A new geologic time scale, with special reference to Precambrian and Neogene. Episodes 2004, 27:83-100.
38. Guynn J.H., Kapp P., Pullen A., Heizler M., Gehrels G., Ding L. Tibetan basement rocks near Amdo reveal "missing" Mesozoic tectonism along the Bangong suture, central Tibet. Geology 2006, 34:505-508.
39. Harris N.B.W., Holland T.J.B., Tindle A.G. Metamorphic rocks of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1988, 327:203-213.
40. Harris N.B.W., Xu R.H., Lewis C.L., Hawkesworth C.J., Zhang Y.Q. Isotope geochemistry of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1988, 327:263-285.
41. Harris N.B.W., Xu R.H., Lewis C.L., Jin C.W. Plutonic rocks of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1988, 327:145-168.
42. Hassanzadeh J., Stockli D.F., Horton B.K., Axen G.J., Stockli L.D., Grove M., Schmitt A.K., Walker J.D. U-Pb zircon geochronology of late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian granitoids in Iran: implications for paleogeography, magmatism, and exhumation history of Iranian basement. Tectonophysics 2008, 451:71-96.
43. Horton B.K., Hassanzadeh J., Stockli D.F., Axen G.J., Gillis R.J., Guest B., Amini A., Fakhari M.D., Zamanzadeh S.M., Grove M. Detrital zircon provenance of Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic deposits in Iran: implications for chronostratigraphy and collisional tectonics. Tectonophysics 2008, 451:97-122.
44. Hu D., Wu Z., Jiang W., Ye P. P-T-t path of mafic granulite metamorphism in northern Tibet and its geodynamical implications. Acta Geologica Sinica 2004, 78:155-165.
45. Kapp P., Yin A., Manning C.E., Murphy M., Harrison T.M., Spurlin M., Lin D., Xi-Guang D., Cun-Ming W. Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang block reveal deep crustal structure of northern Tibet. Geology 2000, 28:19-22.
46. Kapp P., Murphy M.A., Yin A., Harrison T.M., Ding L., Guo J.H. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Shiquanhe area of western Tibet. Tectonics 2003, 22. 10.1029/2001TC001332.
47. Kapp P., Yin A., Manning C.E., Harrison T.M., Taylor M.H., Ding L. Tectonic evolution of the early Mesozoic blueschist-bearing Qiangtang metamorphic belt, central Tibet. Tectonics 2003, 22. 10.1029/2002TC001383.
48. Kapp J.L.D., Harrison T.M., Kapp P., Grove M., Lovera O.M., Lin D. Nyainqentanglha Shan: a window into the tectonic, thermal, and geochemical evolution of the Lhasa block, southern Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth 2005, 110. 10.1029/2004JB003330.
49. Kapp P., Yin A., Harrison T.M., Ding L. Cretaceous-Tertiary shortening, basin development, and volcanism in central Tibet. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2005, 117:865-878.
50. Kapp P., DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Heizler M., Ding L. Geological records of the Lhasa-Qiangtang and Indo-Asian collisions in the Nima area of central Tibet. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2007, 119:917-933.
51. Kapp P., DeCelles P.G., Leier A.L., Fabijanic J.M., He S., Pullen A., Gehrels G.E., Ding L. The Gangdese retroarc thrust belt revealed. GSA Today 2007, 17:4-10.
52. Kolodner K., Avigad D., McWilliams M., Wooden J.L., Weissbrod T., Feinstein S. Provenance of north Gondwana Cambrian-Ordovician sandstone: U-Pb SHRIMP dating of detrital zircons from Israel and Jordan. Geological Magazine 2006, 143:367-391.
53. Leeder M.R., Smith A.B., Yin J.X. Sedimentology, paleoecology and palaeoenvironmental evolution of the 1985 Lhasa to Golmud Geotraverse. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1988, 327:107-143.
54. Lee J., Hacker B.R., Dinklage W.S., Wang Y., Gans P., Calvert A., Wan J.L., Chen W.J., Blythe A.E., McClelland W. Evolution of the Kangmar Dome, southern Tibet: structural, petrologic, and thermochronologic constraints. Tectonics 2000, 19:872-895.
55. Le Fort P. Metamorphism and magmatism during the Himalayan collision. Collision Tectonics 1986, vol. 19:159-172. Geological Society, (Special Publication).
56. Leier A.L., Kapp P., Gehrels G.E., DeCelles P.G. Detrital zircon geochronology of Carboniferous-Cretaceous strata in the Lhasa terrane, Southern Tibet. Basin Research 2007, 19:361-378.
57. Li X.H. U-Pb zircon ages of granites from the southern margin of the Yangtze Block: timing of Neoproterozoic Jinning Orogeny in SE China and implications for Rodinia Assembly. Precambrian Research 1999, 97:43-57.
58. Li Z.X., Li X.H., Kinny P.D., Wang J. The breakup of Rodinia: did it start with a mantle plume beneath South China?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 173:171-181.
59. Li X.-h., Li Z.-X., Zhou H., Liu Y., Kinny P.D. U-Pb zircon geochronology, geochemistry and Nd isotopic study of Neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Kangdian Rift of South China: implications for the initial rifting of Rodinia. Precambrian Research 2002, 113:135-154.
60. Li X.-H., Li Z.-X., Ge W., Zhou H., Li W., Liu Y., Wingate M.T.D. Neoproterozoic granitoids in South China: crustal melting above a mantle plume at ca. 825Ma?. Precambrian Research 2003, 122:45-83.
61. Li P., Rui G., Junwen C., Ye G. Paleomagnetic analysis of eastern Tibet: implications for the collisional and amalgamation history of the Three Rivers Region, SW China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2004, 24:291-310.
62. Li X.-H., Li Z.-X., Sinclair J.A., Li W.-X., Carter G. Revisiting the "Yanbian Terrane": implications for Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the western Yangtze Block, South China. Precambrian Research 2006, 151:14-30.
63. Li Z.X., Bogdanova S.V., Collins A.S., Davidson A., De Waele B., Ernst R.E., Fitzsimons I.C.W., Fuck R.A., Gladkochub D.P., Jacobs J., Karlstrom K.E., Lu S., Natapov L.M., Pease V., Pisarevsky S.A., Thrane K., Vernikovsky V. Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: a synthesis. Precambrian Research 2008, 160:179-210.
64. Li L.-M., Sun M., Wang Y., Xing G., Zhao G., He Y., He K., Zhang A. U-Pb and Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from the meta-sedimentary rocks in central Jiangxi Province, South China: implications for the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of South China Block. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2011, 41:44-55.
65. Ling W., Gao S., Zhang B., Li H., Liu Y., Cheng J. Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the northwestern Yangtze craton, South China: implications for amalgamation and break-up of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Precambrian Research 2003, 122:111-140.
66. Liu Z.Q.C. Geologic map of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its neighboring regions. Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources 1988, Geologic Publishing House, Beijing.
67. Liu S., Hu R., Gao S., Feng C., Huang Z., Lai S., Yuan H., Liu X., Coulson I.M., Feng G., Wang T., Qi Y. U-Pb zircon, geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic constraints on the age and origin of Early Palaeozoic I-type granite from the Tengchong-Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan Province, SW China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2009, 36:168-182.
68. Ludwig, K.J., 2003. Isoplot 3.00. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication No. 4, p. 70.
69. Malone S.J., Meert J.G., Banerjee D.M., Pandit M.K., Tamrat E., Kamenov G.D., Pradhan V.R., Sohl L.E. Paleomagnetism and detrital zircon geochronology of the upper Vindhyan sequence, Son Valley and Rajasthan, India: a ca. 1000Ma closure age for the Purana Basins?. Precambrian Research 2008, 164:137-159.
70. McKenzie N.R., Hughes N.C., Myrow P.M., Choi D.K., Park T.-y. Trilobites and zircons link north China with the eastern Himalaya during the Cambrian. Geology 2011, 39:591-594.
71. Meert J.G., Torsvik T.H. The making and unmaking of a supercontinent: Rodinia revisited. Tectonophysics 2003, 375:261-288.
72. Meert J.G., Pandit M.K., Pradhan V.R., Banks J., Sirianni R., Stroud M., Newstead B., Gifford J. Precambrian crustal evolution of Peninsular India: a 3.0 billion year odyssey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2010, 39:483-515.
73. Metcalfe I. Pre-Cretaceous evolution of SE Asian terranes. Tectonic Evolution of SE Asia 1996, vol. 106:97-122. Geological Society of London, (Special Publication).
74. Metcalfe I. Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion: an overview. Gondwana Dispersion and Asian Accretion: IGCP 321 Final Results Volume 1999, 9-28. A.A. Balkema. I. Metcalfe (Ed.).
75. Metcalfe I. Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of East Asian crustal fragments: the Korean Peninsula in context. Gondwana Research 2006, 9:24-46.
76. 39Ar dating of metamorphic and magmatic minerals: implications for the SWEAT correlation. Precambrian Research 1999, 94:251-271.
77. Molnar P., Tapponnier P. A possible dependence of tectonic strength on the age of the crust in Asia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1981, 52:107-114.
78. Myrow P.M., Hughes N.C., Paulsen T.S., Williams I.S., Parcha S.K., Thompson K.R., Bowring S.A., Peng S.-C., Ahluwalia A.D. Integrated tectonostratigraphic analysis of the Himalaya and implications for its tectonic reconstruction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 212:433-441.
79. Myrow P.M., Hughes N.C., Goodge J.W., Fanning C.M., Williams I.S., Peng S., Bhargava O.N., Parcha S.K., Pogue K.R. Extraordinary transport and mixing of sediment across Himalayan central Gondwana during the Cambrian-Ordovician. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2010, 122:1660-1670.
80. Pandit M.K., Carter L.M., Ashwal L.D., Tucker R.D., Torsvik T.H., Jamtveit B., Bhushan S.K. Age, petrogenesis and significance of 1Ga granitoids and related rocks from the Sendra area, Aravalli Craton, NW India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2003, 22:363-381.
81. Pan G., Ding J., Yao D., Wang L. Geological Map of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and Adjacent Areas 2004, Chengdu Cartographic Publishing House, Chengdu.
82. Pearce J.A., Mei H.J. Volcanic rocks of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse - Lhasa to Golmud. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1988, 327:169-201.
83. Pullen A., Kapp P., Gehrels G.E., DeCelles P.G., Brown E.H., Fabijanic J.M., Ding L. Gangdese retroarc thrust belt and foreland basin deposits in the Damxung area, southern Tibet. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2008, 33:323-336.
84. Pullen A., Kapp P., Gehrels G.E., Ding L., Zhang Q. Metamorphic rocks in central Tibet: lateral variations and implications for crustal structure. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2011, 123:585-600.
85. Ramezani J., Tucker R.D. The Saghand Region, Central Iran: U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwana Tectonics. American Journal of Science 2003, 303:622-665.
86. Roger F., Jolivet M., Malavieille J. The tectonic evolution of the Songpan-Garzê (North Tibet) and adjacent areas from Proterozoic to Present: a synthesis. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2010, 39:254-269.
87. Schärer U., Allègre C.J. The Palung granite (Himalaya); high-resolution U-Pb systematics in zircon and monazite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1983, 63:423-432.
88. Scotese, C.R., 2001. Atlas of Earth History, vol. 1, Paleogeography. PALEOMAP Project, Arlington, Texas.
89. Şengör A.M.C. Mid-Mesozoic closure of Permo-Triassic Tethys and its implications. Nature 1979, 279:590-593.
90. Şengör A.M.C. The Cimmeride orogenic system and the tectonics of Eurasia. Geological Society of America Special Paper 1984, 195:1-82.
91. Şengör A.M.C., Natal'in B.A. Paleotectonics of Asia: fragments of a synthesis. The Tectonic Evolution of Asia 1996, 486-640. Cambridge University Press. A. Yin, M.T. Harrison (Eds.).
92. Singh S., Barley M.E., Brown S.J., Jain A.K., Manickavasagam R.M. SHRIMP U-Pb in zircon geochronology of the Chor granitoid: evidence for Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Lesser Himalayan granite belt of NW India. Precambrian Research 2002, 118:285-292.
93. Stern R.J. Arc assembly and continental collision in the Neoproterozoic East-African orogen - implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1994, 22:319-351.
94. Sun W.-H., Zhou M.-F., Gao J.-F., Yang Y.-H., Zhao X.-F., Zhao J.-H. Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic constraints on the Precambrian magmatic and crustal evolution of the western Yangtze Block, SW China. Precambrian Research 2009, 172:99-126.
95. Torsvik T.H., Smethurst M.A. Plate tectonic modelling: virtual reality with GMAP. Computers & Geosciences 1999, 25:395-402.
96. Tucker R.D., Ashwal L.D., Handke M.J., Hamilton M.A., Le Grange M., Rambeloson R.A. U-Pb geochronology and isotope geochemistry of the Archean and proterozoic rocks of north-central Madagascar. Journal of Geology 1999, 107:135-153.
97. Ustaömer P.A., Ustaömer T., Collins A.S., Robertson A.H.F. Cadomian (Ediacaran-Cambrian) arc magmatism in the Bitlis Massif, SE Turkey: magmatism along the developing northern margin of Gondwana. Tectonophysics 2009, 473:99-112.
98. Veevers J.J. Gondwanaland from 650-500Ma assembly through 320Ma merger in Pangea to 185-100Ma breakup: supercontinental tectonics via stratigraphy and radiometric dating. Earth-Science Reviews 2004, 68:1-132.
99. Veevers J.J., Saeed A. Permian-Jurassic Mahanadi and Pranhita-Godavari Rifts of Gondwana India: provenance from regional paleoslope and U-Pb/Hf analysis of detrital zircons. Gondwana Research 2009, 16:633-654.
100. Veevers J.J., Saeed A., Belousova E.A., Griffin W.L. U-Pb ages and source composition by Hf-isotope and trace-element analysis of detrital zircons in Permian sandstone and modern sand from southwestern Australia and a review of the paleogeographical and denudational history of the Yilgarn Craton. Earth-Science Reviews 2005, 68:245-279.
101. Visonà D., Rubatto D., Villa I.M. The mafic rocks of Shao La (Kharta, S. Tibet): ordovician basaltic magmatism in the greater himalayan crystallines of central-eastern Himalaya. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2010, 38:14-25.
102. Wang J., Li Z.-X. History of Neoproterozoic rift basins in South China: implications for Rodinia break-up. Precambrian Research 2003, 122:141-158.
103. Wang X., Zhou J., Qiu J., Gao J. Geochemistry of the Meso- to Neoproterozoic basic-acid rocks from Hunan Province, South China: implications for the evolution of the western Jiangnan orogen. Precambrian Research 2004, 135:79-103.
104. Wang X.-L., Zhou J.-C., Qiu J.-S., Zhang W.-L., Liu X.-M., Zhang G.-L. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks from Northern Guangxi, South China: implications for tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research 2006, 145:111-130.
105. Wang W., Wang F., Chen F., Zhu X., Xiao P., Siebel W. Detrital zircon ages and Hf-Nd isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in the Yangtze Block: constraints on the deposition age and provenance. The Journal of Geology 2010, 118:79-94.
106. Wang Y., Zhang F., Fan W., Zhang G., Chen S., Cawood P.A., Zhang A. Tectonic setting of the South China Block in the early Paleozoic: resolving intracontinental and ocean closure models from detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. Tectonics 2010, 29:TC6020.
107. Wilde S., Youssef K. A re-evaluation of the origin and setting of the Late Precambrian Hammamat Group based on SHRIMP U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from Gebel Umm Tawat, North Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal of the Geological Society 2002, 159:595-604.
108. Wu R.-X., Zheng Y.-F., Wu Y.-B., Zhao Z.-F., Zhang S.-B., Liu X., Wu F.-Y. Reworking of juvenile crust: element and isotope evidence from Neoproterozoic granodiorite in South China. Precambrian Research 2006, 146:179-212.
109. Xiao L., Zhang H.-F., Ni P.-Z., Xiang H., Liu X.-M. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon geochronology of early Neoproterozoic mafic-intermediate intrusions from NW margin of the Yangtze Block, South China: implication for tectonic evolution. Precambrian Research 2007, 154:221-235.
110. Xu R.H., Schärer U., Allégre C.J. Magmatism and metamorphism in the Lhasa block (Tibet): a geochronological study. Journal of Geology 1985, 93:41-57.
111. Yang J., Xu Z., Li Z., Xu X., Li T., Ren Y., Li H., Chen S., Robinson P.T. Discovery of an eclogite belt in the Lhasa block, Tibet: a new border for Paleo-Tethys?. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2009, 34:76-89.
112. Yin J. Stratigraphic Geology of Gondwanan Facies of Qinghai-Xiang (Tibet) Plateau and Adjacent Areas 1997, Geologic Publishing House, Beijing.
113. Yin A., Harrison T.M. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 2000, 28:211-280.
114. Yin A., Nie S. A Phanerozoic palinspastic reconstruction of China and its neighboring regions. The Tectonic Evolution of Asia 1996, 442-485. Cambridge University Press. A. Yin, M.T. Harrison (Eds.).
115. Yin J.X., Xu J.T., Liu C.J., Li H. The Tibetan Plateau - regional stratigraphic context and previous work. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 1988, 327:5-52.
116. Yoshida M., Upreti B.N. Neoproterozoic India within East Gondwana: constraints from recent geochronologic data from Himalaya. Gondwana Research 2006, 10:349-356.
117. Yu J.-H., O'Reilly S.Y., Wang L., Griffin W.L., Zhang M., Wang R., Jiang S., Shu L. Where was South China in the Rodinia supercontinent? Evidence from U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons. Precambrian Research 2008, 164:1-15.
118. Zhang K.-J., Zhang Y.-X., Tang X.-C., Xie Y.-W., Sha S.-L., Peng X.-J. First report of eclogites from central Tibet, China: evidence for ultradeep continental subduction prior to the Cenozoic India-Asian collision. Terra Nova 2008, 00:1-7.
119. Zhao J.-H., Zhou M.-F. Neoproterozoic adakitic plutons in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, China: partial melting of a thickened lower crust and implications for secular crustal evolution. Lithos 2008, 104:231-248.
120. Zheng Y.-F., Zhang S.-B., Zhao Z.-F., Wu Y.-B., Li X., Li Z., Wu F.-Y. Contrasting zircon Hf and O isotopes in the two episodes of Neoproterozoic granitoids in South China: implications for growth and reworking of continental crust. Lithos 2007, 96:127-150.
121. Zheng Y.-F., Wu R.-X., Wu Y.-B., Zhang S.-B., Yuan H., Wu F.-Y. Rift melting of juvenile arc-derived crust: geochemical evidence from Neoproterozoic volcanic and granitic rocks in the Jiangnan Orogen, South China. Precambrian Research 2008, 163:351-383.
122. Zhou M.-F., Yan D.-P., Kennedy A.K., Li Y., Ding J. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological and geochemical evidence for Neoproterozoic arc-magmatism along the western margin of the Yangtze Block, South China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2002, 196:51-67.
123. Zhou M.-F., Ma Y., Yan D.-P., Xia X., Zhao J.-H., Sun M. The Yanbian Terrane (Southern Sichuan Province, SW China): a Neoproterozoic arc assemblage in the western margin of the Yangtze Block. Precambrian Research 2006, 144:19-38.
124. Zhou M.-F., Yan D.-P., Wang C.-L., Qi L., Kennedy A. Subduction-related origin of the 750Ma Xuelongbao adakitic complex (Sichuan Province, China): implications for the tectonic setting of the giant Neoproterozoic magmatic event in South China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 248:286-300.
125. Zhou J.-C., Wang X.-L., Qiu J.-S. Geochronology of Neoproterozoic mafic rocks and sandstones from northeastern Guizhou, South China: coeval arc magmatism and sedimentation. Precambrian Research 2009, 170:27-42.
126. Zhu W.-G., Zhong H., Li X.-H., Deng H.-L., He D.-F., Wu K.-W., Bai Z.-J. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology, elemental, and Nd isotopic geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic mafic dykes in the Yanbian area, SW China. Precambrian Research 2008, 164:66-85.
127. Zhu D.-C., Mo X.-X., Niu Y., Zhao Z.-D., Wang L.-Q., Liu Y.-S., Wu F.-Y. Geochemical investigation of Early Cretaceous igneous rocks along an east-west traverse throughout the central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. Chemical Geology 2009, 268:298-312.
128. Zhu D.-C., Mo X.-X., Niu Y., Zhao Z.-D., Wang L.-Q., Pan G.-T., Wu F.-Y. Zircon U-Pb dating and in-situ Hf isotopic analysis of Permian peraluminous granite in the Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet: implications for Permian collisional orogeny and paleogeography. Tectonophysics 2009, 469:48-60.
129. Zhu D.-C., Mo X.-X., Zhao Z.-D., Niu Y., Wang L.-Q., Chu Q.-H., Pan G.-T., Xu J.-F., Zhou C.-Y. Presence of Permian extension- and arc-type magmatism in southern Tibet: paleogeographic implications. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2010, 122:979-993.