Understanding the connection between spiritual well-being and physical health: An examination of ambulatory blood pressure, inflammation, blood lipids and fasting glucose

Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Volumn 34, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 477-488

  Holt Lunstad, Julianne ^a   Steffen, Patrick R ^a   Sandberg, Jonathan ^a   Jensen, Bryan ^a  

^a BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Cholesterol; Fasting glucose; Heart disease; Inflammation; Religiosity; Spiritual

Indexed keywords

AUTACOID; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; LIPID;

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIET RESTRICTION; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; MALE; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RELIGION; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; AGED; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING, AMBULATORY; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FASTING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; LIFE STYLE; LIPIDS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; SPIRITUALITY;

EID: 82755194832     PISSN: 01607715     EISSN: 15733521     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9343-7     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. CH Abou Diwan GO Oghlakian SI Antonios ZK Otrock AG Rebeiz 2004 The role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in coronary artery disease risk prediction: A review Journal Medical Libanais 52 39 47 (Pubitemid 40321779)
2. BJ Arsenault JS Rana ES Stroes JP Despres PK Shah JJ Kastelein, et al. 2009 Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: Respective contributions of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to coronary heart disease risk in apparently healthy men and women Journal of the American College of Cardiology 55 35 41 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.057 20117361
3. EL Barr PZ Zimmet TA Welborn D Jolley DJ Magliano DW Dunstan, et al. 2007 Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) Circulation 116 151 157 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685628 17576864 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXntlWqurg%3D (Pubitemid 47057520)
4. DB Bekelman C Parry FA Curlin TE Yamashita DL Fairclough FS Wamboldt 2010 A comparison of two spirituality instruments and their relationship with depression and quality of life in chronic heart failure Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 39 515 526 20303028
5. SM Boekholdt CE Hack MS Sandhu R Luben SA Bingham NJ Wareham, et al. 2006 C-reactive protein levels, coronary artery disease incidence, mortality in apparently healthy men, women: The EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. 1993-2003 Atherosclerosis 187 415 422 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.023 16257408 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xms1agsbs%3D (Pubitemid 43963024)
6. DJ Brotman MB Davidson M Boumitri DG Vidt 2008 Impaired diurnal blood pressure variation and all-cause mortality American Journal of Hypertension 21 92 97 18091750
7. SL Brown RM Nesse AD Vinokur DM Smith 2003 Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: Results from a prospective study of mortality Psychological Science 14 320 327 10.1111/1467-9280.14461 12807404 (Pubitemid 37282828)
8. AC Buck DR Williams MA Musick MJ Sternthal 2009 An examination of the relationship between multiple dimensions of religiosity, blood pressure, and hypertension Social Science Medicine 68 314 322 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.010 19019516
9. G Cesana G Panza M Ferrario R Zanettini M Arnoldi A Grieco 1985 Can glycosylated hemoglobin be a job stress parameter? Journal of Occupational Medicine 27 357 360 4009305 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXks1yqu7Y%3D (Pubitemid 15001157)
10. MB Clearfield 2005 C-reactive protein: A new risk assessment tool for cardiovascular disease Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 105 409 416 16239491 (Pubitemid 41603444)
11. S Cohen T Kamarck R Mermelstein 1983 A global measure of perceived stress Journal of Health and Social Behavior 24 385 396 6668417 1:STN:280: DyaL2c7js12iug%3D%3D
12. E Corrado S Novo 2007 Evaluation of C-reactive protein in primary and secondary prevention Journal of Investigative Medicine 55 430 438 10.2310/6650.2007.00023 18163969 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpvFyhtrg%3D (Pubitemid 351299634)
13. MG Dawes AJ Coats E Juszczak 2006 Daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure is more effective at predicting mortality than clinic blood pressure Blood Pressure Monitoring 11 111 118 10.1097/01.mbp.0000209086.32493.bd 16702819 (Pubitemid 44084760)
14. E Dolan A Stanton L Thijs K Hinedi N Atkins S McClory, et al. 2005 Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: The Dublin outcome study Hypertension 46 156 161 10.1161/01.HYP. 0000170138.56903.7a 15939805 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlt1WltLo%3D (Pubitemid 40946507)
15. RA Emmons ME McCullough 2003 Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 377 389 12585811 (Pubitemid 38397287)
16. ES Ford 1999 Body mass index, diabetes, and C-reactive protein among U.S. adults Diabetes Care 22 1971 1977 10.2337/diacare.22.12.1971 10587828 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FlsFWnsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30433974)
17. JP Friedberg S Suchday DV Shelov 2007 The impact of forgiveness on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery International Journal of Psychophysiology 65 87 94 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.006 17466400 (Pubitemid 47049813)
18. JP Friedberg S Suchday VS Srinivas 2009 Relationship between forgiveness and psychological and physiological indices in cardiac patients International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 16 205 211 10.1007/s12529-008-9016-2 19229635
19. LG Futterman L Lemberg 2002 High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is the most effective prognostic measurement of acute coronary events American Journal of Critical Care 11 482 486 12233975
20. LK George DB Larson HG Koenig ME McCullough 2000 Spirituality and health: What we know, we what need to know Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 19 102 116
21. RF Gillum 2006 Frequency of attendance at religious services, overweight and obesity in American women and men: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Annals of Epidemiology 16 655 660 16431132 (Pubitemid 44190170)
22. RF Gillum DE King TO Obisesan HG Koenig 2008 Frequency of attendance at religious services and mortality in a U.S. national cohort Annals of Epidemiology 18 124 129 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.10.015 18083539 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c%2Fjs1ChsQ%3D%3D
23. TW Hansen J Jeppesen S Rasmussen H Ibsen C Torp-Pedersen 2005 Ambulatory blood pressure and mortality: A population-based study Hypertension 45 499 504 10.1161/01.HYP.0000160402.39597.3b 15753229 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisVGks7w%3D (Pubitemid 40411250)
24. CL Hanson SW Henggeler GA Burghen 1987 Model of associations between psychosocial variables and health-outcome measures of adolescents with IDDM Diabetes Care 10 752 758 10.2337/diacare.10.6.752 3428051 1:STN:280: DyaL1c7htV2lsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 18049833)
25. RA Hummer RG Rogers CB Nam CG Ellison 1999 Religious involvement and U.S. adult mortality Demography 36 273 285 10332617 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3msFShsw%3D%3D
26. WB Kannel RS Vasan 2009 Triglycerides as vascular risk factors: New epidemiologic insights Current Opinions in Cardiology 24 345 350 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32832c1284
27. S Kaptoge E Di Angelantonio G Lowe MB Pepys SG Thompson R Collins, et al. 2010 C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: An individual participant meta-analysis Lancet 375 132 140 20031199
28. M Kikuya T Ohkubo K Asayama H Metoki T Obara S Saito, et al. 2005 Ambulatory blood pressure and 10-year risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality: The Ohasama study Hypertension 45 240 245 10.1161/01.HYP.0000152079.04553.2c 15596571 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVWgtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40179967)
29. DE King AG Mainous III WS Pearson 2002 C-reactive protein, diabetes, and attendance at religious services Diabetes Care 25 1172 1176 10.2337/diacare.25. 7.1172 12087015 (Pubitemid 41071168)
30. DE King AG Mainous III TE Steyer W Pearson 2001 The relationship between attendance at religious services and cardiovascular inflammatory markers International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 31 415 425 11949739 1:STN:280:DC%2BD383htlyhsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 34263884)
31. HG Koenig 2009 Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: A review Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 54 283 291
32. HG Koenig HJ Cohen LK George JC Hays DB Larson DG Blazer 1997 Attendance at religious services, interleukin-6, and other biological parameters of immune function in older adults International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 27 233 250 9565726 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3is1yntQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27518059)
33. HG Koenig LK George JC Hays DB Larson HJ Cohen DG Blazer 1998 The relationship between religious activities and blood pressure in older adults International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 28 189 213 9724889 1:STN:280:DyaK1czpt1Wjsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28391757)
34. LB Koenig GE Valliant 2009 A prospective study of church attendance and health over the lifespan Journal of Health Psychology 28 117 124
35. HC Kung DL Hoyert J Xu SL Murphy 2008 Deaths: Final data for 2005 National Vital Statistics Report 56 1 120
36. DB Larson KA Sherrill JS Lyons FC Craigie Jr SB Thielman MA Greenwold SS Larson 1992 Associations between dimensions of religious commitment and mental health reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry: 1978-1989 American Journal of Psychiatry 149 557 559 1532477 1:STN:280:DyaK383gs1Gguw%3D%3D
37. Larson, D. B., Swyers, J. P., & McCullough, M. E. (1997). Scientific research on spirituality and health. A consensus report. Rockville, MD: National Institute for Healthcare Research.
38. DA Lawler DA Leon 2005 Association of body mass index and obesity in early childhood with risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in middle age: Findings from the Aberdeen children of the 1950's prospective cohort study Circulation 111 1891 1896 10.1161/01.CIR.0000161798.45728.4D (Pubitemid 40570208)
39. KA Lawler JW Younger RL Piferi E Billington R Jobe K Edmonson WH Jones 2003 A change of heart: Cardiovascular correlates of forgiveness in response to interpersonal conflict Journal of Behavioral Medicine 26 373 393 10.1023/A:1025771716686 14593849 (Pubitemid 37243326)
40. KA Lawler JW Younger RL Piferi RL Jobe KA Edmondson WH Jones 2005 The unique effects of forgiveness on health: An exploration of pathways Journal of Behavioral Medicine 28 157 167 10.1007/s10865-005-3665-2 15957571 (Pubitemid 40674975)
41. KA Lawler-Row JC Karremans C Scott M Edlis-Matityahou L Edwards 2008 Forgiveness, physiological reactivity and health: The role of anger International Journal of Psychophysiology 68 51 58 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.01. 001 18262673
42. PM Lewinsohn JR Seeley RE Roberts NB Allen 1997 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults Psychology and Aging 12 2 277 287 9189988 1:STN:280:DyaK2szjtlylsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27250179)
43. W Linden K Klassen M Phillips 2008 Can psychological factors account for a lack of nocturnal blood pressure dipping? Annals of Behavioral Medicine 36 253 258 10.1007/s12160-008-9069-0 19067099
44. DM Lloyd-Jones RJ Adams TM Brown M Carnethon S Dai G De Simon, et al. 2010 Heart disease and stroke statistics 2010 update: A report from the American Heart Association Circulation 121 46 215 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192667
45. DM Lloyd-Jones K Liu L Tian P Greenland 2006 Narrative review: Assessment of C-reactive protein in risk prediction for cardiovascular disease Annals of International Medicine 145 35 42 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnslKhtL8%3D (Pubitemid 46780605)
46. S MacMahon R Peto R Collins J Godwin S MacMahon J Cutler J Stamler 1990 Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease: Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: Prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias Lancet 335 765 774 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90878-9 1969518 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3gsFegug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 20106689)
47. KS Masters RD Hill JC Kircher TL Lensegrav-Benson JA Fallon 2004 Religious orientation, aging, and blood pressure reactivity to interpersonal and cognitive stressors Annals of Behavioral Medicine 28 171 178 10.1207/s15324796abm2803-5 15576255 (Pubitemid 39578430)
48. KS Masters J Knestel 2011 Religious orientation among a random sample of community-dwelling adults: Relations with health status and health-relevant behaviors International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 21 63 76
49. P McBride 2008 Triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease Current Atherosclerosis Reports 10 386 390 10.1007/s11883-008-0060-9 18706279 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFemtb3I
50. ME McCullough DB Larson WT Hoyt HG Koenig C Thorensen 2000 Religious involvement and mortality: A meta-analytic review Journal of Health Psychology 19 211 222 10.1037 G78-6133.I9.3.21l 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FhsFaltg%3D%3D
51. MA Mendall P Patel L Ballam D Strachan TC Northfield 1996 C reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: A population based cross sectional study British Medical Journal 312 1061 1065 8616412 1:STN:280:DyaK283gs1yntQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26125131)
52. GE Miller E Blackwell 2006 Turning up the heat: Inflammation as a mechanism linking chronic stress, depression, and heart disease Current Directions in Psychological Science 15 269 272 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00450.x (Pubitemid 44952721)
53. T Ohkubo A Hozawa J Yamaguchi M Kikuya K Ohmori M Michimata, et al. 2002 Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: The Ohasama study Journal of Hypertension 20 2183 2189 12409956 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xot12ls7s%3D (Pubitemid 35388236)
54. D Oman JH Kurata WJ Strawbridge RD Cohen 2002 Religious attendance and cause of death over 31 years International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 32 69 89 12075917 (Pubitemid 34606527)
55. D Oman D Reed 1998 Religion and mortality among the community-dwelling elderly American Journal of Public Health 88 1469 1475 9772846 1:STN:280:DyaK1cvks1ShsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28455752)
56. D Oman CE Thoresen K McMahon 1999 Volunteerism and mortality among the community-dwelling elderly Journal of Health Psychology 4 301 316 10.1177/135910539900400301 22021599 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3Mbjtl2nsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29349548)
57. JG Orme J Reis EJ Herz 1986 Factorial and discriminant validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale Journal of Clinical Psychology 42 28 33 10.1002/1097-4679(198601)42:1<28::AID- JCLP2270420104>3.0.CO;2-T 3950011 1:STN:280:DyaL287ktVOruw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 16188206)
58. CL Park 2007 Religiousness/spirituality and health: A meaning systems perspective Journal of Behavioral Medicine 30 319 328 10.1007/s10865-007-9111-x 17522971
59. CL Park D Edmondson A Hale-Smith TO Blank 2009 Religiousness/spirituality and health behaviors in younger adult cancer survivors: Does faith promote a healthier lifestyle? Journal of Behavioral Medicine 30 319 328 10.1007/s10865-009-9223-6
60. AH Peterman G Fitchett MJ Brady L Hernandez D Cella 2002 Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp) Annals of Behavioral Medicine 24 49 58 10.1207/S15324796ABM2401-06 12008794 (Pubitemid 34411388)
61. M Peyrot JF McMurry Jr 1985 Psychosocial factors in diabetes control: Adjustment of insulin-treated adults Psychosomatic Medicine 47 542 557 3906735 1:STN:280:DyaL28%2FmvVOmsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 16200082)
62. TG Pickering K Kario 2001 Nocturnal non-dipping: What does it augur? Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 10 611 616 11496054 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvltVaiuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32783810)
63. LH Powell L Shahabi CE Thoresen 2003 Religion and spirituality. Linkages to health American Psychologist 58 36 52 12674817
64. LS Radloff 1977 The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population Applied Psychological Measurement 1 385 401 10.1177/014662167700100306
65. PM Ridker 1999 Evaluating novel cardiovascular risk factors: Can we better predict heart attacks? Annals of International Medicine 130 933 937 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3ps1Wjtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29239588)
66. PM Ridker M Cushman MJ Stampfer RP Tracy CH Hennekens 1997 Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men New England Journal of Medicine 336 973 979 9077376 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisFOrtL0%3D (Pubitemid 27152782)
67. FS Routledge JA Mcfetridge-Durdle CR Dean 2007 Night-time blood pressure patterns and target organ damage: A review The Canadian Journal of Cardiology 23 132 138 17311119 (Pubitemid 46655428)
68. A Rozanski JA Blumental J Kaplan 1999 Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and its implication for therapy Circulation 99 2192 2217 10217662 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3jsVSjsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29196806)
69. FM Sacks P Alaupovic LA Moye TG Cole B Sussex MJ Stampfer E Braundwald 2000 VLDL, apo lipoproteins B, CIII, and E, and risk of recurrent coronary events in the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial Circulation 102 1886 1892 11034934 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnvV2qtLw%3D
70. N Sarwar J Danesh G Eiriksdottir G Sigurdsson N Wareham S Bingham V Gudnason 2007 Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10, 158 incident cases among 262, 525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies Circulation 115 450 458 17190864 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnvF2ntQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46184196)
71. TE Seeman LF Dubin M Seeman 2003 Religiosity/spirituality and health. A critical review of the evidence for biological pathways American Psychologist 58 53 63 12674818 (Pubitemid 37170638)
72. RP Sloan 2007 Attendance at religious services, health, and the lessons of the Trinity Psychosomatic Medicine 69 493 494 17641144 (Pubitemid 47205730)
73. PR Steffen AL Hinderliter JA Blumenthal A Sherwood 2001 Religious coping, ethnicity, and ambulatory blood pressure Psychosomatic Medicine 63 523 530 11485105 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FislCgsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32695132)
74. PR Steffen KM Masters 2005 Does compassion mediate the intrinsic religion-health relationship? Annals of Behavioral Medicine 30 217 424 16336073
75. PC Strike A Steptoe 2004 Psychosocial factors in the development of coronary artery disease Progressive Cardiovascular Disease 46 337 347 10.1016/j.pcad.2003.09.001 (Pubitemid 38201295)
76. ML Vachon 2008 Meaning, spirituality, and wellness in cancer survivors Seminars in Oncology Nursing 24 218 225 10.1016/j.soncn.2008.05.010 18687268
77. PP Vitaliano JM Scanlan C Krenz W Fujimoto 1996 Insulin and glucose: Relationships with hassles, anger, and hostility in nondiabetic older adults Psychosomatic Medicine 58 489 499 8902900 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmvFKms7Y%3D (Pubitemid 26349895)
78. MA Whelan-Gales MT Quinn Griffin J Maloni JJ Fitzpatrick 2009 Spiritual well-being, spiritual practices, and depressive symptoms among elderly patients hospitalized with acute heart failure Geriatric Nursing 30 312 317 19818266
79. EL Worthington Jr CV Witvliet P Pietrini AJ Miller 2007 Forgiveness, health, and well-being: A review of evidence for emotional versus decisional forgiveness, dispositional forgivingness, and reduced unforgiveness Journal of Behavioral Medicine 30 291 302 10.1007/s10865-007-9105-8 17453329
80. WH Yin JW Chen HL Jen MC Chiang WP Huang AN Feng, et al. 2004 Independent prognostic value of elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in chronic heart failure American Heart Journal 147 931 938 10.1016/j.ahj.2003.11.021 15131554 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsl2gsLw%3D (Pubitemid 38881011)
81. S Yusuf S Hawken S Ounpuu T Dans A Avezum F Lanas, et al. 2004 Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study Lancet 364 937 952 15364185 (Pubitemid 39208455)
82. Zacho, J., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2010). C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality-the Copenhagen City Heart Study. European Heart Journal. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ ehq103