Deadly Communities: Local Political Milieus and the Persecution of Jews in Occupied Poland

Comparative Political Studies

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 259-283

  Kopstein, Jeffrey S ^a   Wittenberg, Jason ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

assimilation; ethnic politics; indifference; pogroms; Poland; riots; violence; World War II

Indexed keywords

EID: 82455251582     PISSN: 00104140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0010414010384370     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Abramson, Henry. (1999). A prayer for the government: Ukrainians and Jews in revolutionary times. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2. Bacon, Gerson. (1996). The politics of tradition. Agudat Yisrael in Poland 1916-1939. Jerusalem, Israel: Magnes Press.
3. Bardach, Janusz. (1998). Man is wolf to man: Surviving the gulag. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4. Bonacich, Edna. (1972). A theory of ethnic antagonism: The split labor market. American Sociological Review, 37, 547-559.
5. Brass, Paul R. (2006). Forms of collective violence: Riots, pogroms, and genocide in modern India. Haryana, India: Three Essays Collective.
6. Brubaker, Rogers. (2001). The return of assimilation? Changing perspectives on immigration and its sequels in France, Germany, and the United States. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24, 531-548.
7. Chojnowski, Andrzej. (1986). Piłsudczycy u wladzy: dzieje Bezpartyjnego Bloku Wspólpracy z Rządem [Pilsudskiites in power: A history of the non-party bloc for cooperation with the government]. Warsaw, Poland: Zakład Narodowy.
8. Destruction of the Jewish Community of Szczuczyn. (1987). Tel Aviv, Israel: Former Residents of Szczuczyn. (Original work published 1954)
9. Dmitrów, Edmund. (2002). Oddziały operacyjne niemieckiej Policiji Bezpieczeństwa i Służby Bezpieczeństwa a początek zagłady Żydów w Łomżyńskiem i na Białostocczyzńie latem 1941 roku. in Wokół Jedwabnego [German forces of the security police and security service at the beginning of the extermination of the Jews in the Lomza and Bialystok regions in 1941]. Warsaw, Poland: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej.
10. Dmitrów, Edmund, Machcewicz, Pawel, & Szarota, Tomasz. (2004). Der Beginn der Vernichtung [The start of the extermination]. Osnabrück, Germany: Fibre Verlag.
11. Esteban, Joan, & Ray, Debraj. (1994). On the measurement of polarization. Econometrica, 62, 819-852.
12. Forbes, H.D. (1997). Ethnic conflict: Commerce, culture, and the contact hypothesis. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
13. Główny Urząd Statystyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. (1924). Skorowidz Miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, Tom V, Województwo Białostockie [Overview of municipalities of the Republic of Poland, volume 5, Voivodship Bialystok]. Warsaw, Poland: GUS.
14. Gnatowski, Michał. (1997). W radzieckich okowach: Studium o agresji 17 wrzesnia 1939 r. I radzieckiej polityce w regionie łomżyńskim w latach 1939-1941 [In Soviet irons: A study of the aggression of 1939 and Soviet policy in the Lomza region, 1939-1941]. Lomza, Poland: Łomżyńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe im. Wagów.
15. Gnatowski, Michał. (2004). Sowieci-Zydi w regionie łomżyńskim w latach 1939-1941 [Soviets and Jews in the Lomza region 1939-1941]. Lomza: Łomżyńskie Tow. Nauk. Im Wagów.
16. Golczewski, Frank. (1981). Polnisch-Jüdische Beziehungen 1881-1922 [Polish-Jewish relations 1881-1922]. Wiesbaden, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag.
17. Gross, Jan T. (2001). Neighbors. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
18. Gross, Jan T. (2002). Antoniemu Sulkowi w odpowiedzi [An answer to Antony Solkow]. Więż, 4, 82-88.
19. Grudzinska-Gross, Irena. (1981). War through children's eyes: The Soviet occupation of Poland and the deportations, 1939-1941. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.
20. Henning, Ruth (Ed.). (2001). Transodra: Die Jedwabne Debatte in polnischen Zeitschriften und Zeitungen, no. 23 [Transodra: The Jedwabne debate in Polish magazines and newspapers]. Retrieved September 16, 2010, from http://www.dpg-brandenburg.de/de/transodra/transodra
21. Heschel, Abraham Joshua. (1946). The eastern European era in Jewish history. Yivo Annual of Jewish Social Science, 1, 86-106.
22. Horowitz, Donald. (1985). Ethnic groups in conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press.
23. Horowitz, Donald. (2001). The deadly ethnic riot. Berkeley: University of California Press.
24. Jasiewicz, Krzysztof. (2001). Pierwsi po diable: elity sowieckie w okupowanej Polsce, 1939-1941 (Białostocczyzna, Nowogródczyzna, Polesie, Wileńszczyzna) [Just after the devil: The Soviet elite in occupied Poland 1939-1941]. Warsaw, Poland: Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN, Oficyna Wydawniczna Rytm.
25. Kalyvas, Stathis. (2006). The logic of violence in civil war. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
26. Katz, Steven T. (2007). The shtetl: New evaluations. New York: New York University Press.
27. King, Gary, Tomz, Michael, & Wittenberg, Jason. (2000). Making the most of statistical analyses: Improving interpretation and presentation. American Journal of Political Science, 44, 347-361.
28. Kopstein, Jeffrey S., & Wittenberg, Jason. (2003). Who voted communist? Reconsidering the social bases of radicalism in interwar Poland. Slavic Review, 63(1), 97-109.
29. Kopstein, Jeffrey S., & Wittenberg, Jason. (in press). Did ethnic balance matter? Elections in interwar Poland. Polin.
30. L'Office Central de Statistique de la République Polonaise. (1926). Statistique des Élections Á la Diète et au Sénat Effectué es le 5 et le 12 November 1922 [Election statistics for the Diet and Senate of November 5 and 12, 1922]. Warsaw, Poland: Author.
31. L'Office Central de Statistique de la République Polonaise. (1930). Statystyka Wyborów Do Sejmu i Senatu Odbytych W Dniu 4 i 11 Marca 1928 Roku [Election statistics for the Diet and Senate of March 4 and 11, 1928]. Warsaw, Poland: Author.
32. Machcewicz, Pawel, & Persak, Krzysztof (Eds.). (2002). Wokół Jedwabnego [Around Jedwabne]. Warsaw, Poland: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej.
33. Marcus, Joseph. (1983). Social and political history of the Jews in Poland, 1919-1939. Berlin, Germany: Mouton.
34. Mavrogordatos, George. (2008, June). The Greek case: A vindication of assimilation? Paper presented at the Holocaust as Local History conference, Thessaloniki, Greece.
35. Mendelsohn, Ezra. (1983). The Jews of east central Europe between the world wars. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
36. Michlic, Joanna Beata. (2006). Poland's threatening other: The image of the Jew 1880 to the present. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
37. Musiał, Bogdan. (2004). The pogrom in Jedwabne: Critical remarks about Jan T. Gross's Neighbors. In Antony Polonsky & Jaonna B. Michlic (Eds.), The neighbors respond: The controversy over the Jedwabne massacre in Poland (pp. 304-343). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
38. Petersen, Roger D. (2002). Understanding ethnic violence: Fear, hatred, and resentment in twentieth century Eastern Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
39. Pinchuk, Ben-Cion. (1990). Shtetl Jews under Soviet rule: Eastern Poland on the eve of the holocaust. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
40. Plach, Eva. (2006). The clash of moral nations: Cultural politics in Piłsudski's Poland, 1926-1935. Athens: Ohio University Press.
41. Polonsky, Antony. (1972). Politics in independent Poland. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
42. Polonsky, Antony, & Michlic, Janna B. (Eds.). (2004). The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
43. Porter, Brian. (2000). When nationalism began to hate: Imagining modern politics in nineteenth century Poland. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
44. Rosen, O., Jiang, W., King, G., & Tanner, M.A. (2001). Bayesian and frequentist inference for ecological inference: The R × C case. Statistica Neerlandica, 55, 134-156.
45. Rothschild, Joseph. (1966). Piłsudski's coup d'etat. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
46. Rubin, Arnon. (2006). The rise and fall of the Jewish communities in Poland and their relics today. Volume 1, District Bialystok. Tel Aviv, Israel: Tel Aviv University Press.
47. Scacco, Alexandra. (2008). Who riots? Explaining individual participation in ethnic violence (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.
48. Segal, Simon. (1938). The new Poland and the Jews. New York, NY: Lee Furman.
49. Shore, Marci. (2005). Conversing with ghosts: Jedwabne, Zydokomuna, and totalitarianism. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 6, 345-374.
50. Snyder, Timothy. (2005). Sketches from a secret war: A Polish artist's mission to liberate Soviet Ukraine. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
51. Stola, Dariusz. (2001). Ein Denkmal aus Worten [A memorial of words]. Transodra, 23, 271-285.
52. Stola, Dariusz. (2004). Jedwabne: How was it possible? In Antony Polonsky & Joanna B. Michlic (Eds.), The neighbors respond: The controversy over the Jedwabne massacre in Poland (pp. 386-402). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
53. Sułek, Antoni. (2001). Sąsiedzi“-zwykła recenzja [Neighbors-An ordinary review]. Więż, 12, 74-83.
54. Tolisch, Otto. (1937, February 7). Jews face crisis in Eastern Europe. New York Times, p. 7.
55. Tomaszewski, Jerzy. (1985). Rzeczpospolita wielu narodów [A republic of many nations]. Warsaw, Poland: Czytelnik.
56. Tomaszewski, Jerzy. (1989). The role of the Jews in Polish commerce, 1918-1939. In Yisrael Gutman, Ezra Mendelsohn, & Jehuda Reinharz (Eds.), The Jews of Poland between two World Wars (pp. 141-157). Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
57. Tomz, Michael, Wittenberg, Jason, & King, Gary. (2003). CLARIFY: Software for interpreting and presenting statistical results. (Version 2.1). Retrieved from http://gking.harvard.edu/
58. Varshney, Ashutosh. (2002). Ethnic conflict and civic life: Hindus and Muslims in India. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
59. Wierzbicki, Marek. (2000). Polacy i Białorusini w zaborze sowieckim: stosunki polsko białoruskie na ziemach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczpospolitej pod okupacią sowiecką 1939-1941 [Poles and Belarusians in the Soviet annexed territories: Polish-Belarusian conditions in the territories of the Polish Second Republic under Soviet occupation, 1939-1941]. Warsaw, Poland: Volumen.
60. Wierzbicki, Marek. (2007). Western Belarus in September 1939: Revisiting Polish-Jewish relations in the kresy. In Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, & Kai Struve (Eds.), Shared history-Divided memory: Jews and others in Soviet-occupied Poland, 1939-1941 (pp. 135-146). Leipzig, Germany: Leipziger Universitatsverlag.
61. Wilkinson, Steven. (2004). Votes and violence: Electoral competition and ethnic riots in India. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
62. Wittenberg, Jason, Alimadhim, Ferdinand, Bhaskar, Badri Narayan, & Lau, Olivia. (2007). ei.RxC: Hierarchical multinomial-dirichlet ecological inference model. In Kosuke Imai, Gary King, & Olivia Lau (Eds.), Zelig: Everyone's statistical software. Retrieved from http://gking.harvard.edu/zelig
63. Żbikowski, Andrzej. (1993). Local anti-Jewish pogroms in the occupied territories of eastern Poland, June-July 1941. In Lucjan Dobroszycki & Jeffrey S. Gurock (Eds.), The holocaust in the Soviet Union (pp. 173-180). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
64. Żbikowski, Andrzej. (2002). Pogromy i mordy ludności żysowskiej w Łomżyńskiem i na Białostocczyńie latem 1941 roku w śwetle relacji ocalałych Żydów i dokumentów sądowych. in Wokół Jedwabnego [Pogroms and murders of Jews in the Lomza and Bialystok Regions in 1941 in light of Jewish testimonies and court documents]. Warsaw, Poland: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej.
65. Żbikowski, Andrzej. (2006). U genezy Jedwabnego: żydzi na kresach pólnocno-wschodnich II Rzeczpospolitej, wrzesień 1939-lipiec 1941 [The origins of Jedwabne: Jews in the Eastern Polish borderlands of the Second Polish Republic from September 1939 to July 1941]. Warsaw, Poland: Żydowski Instytut Historyczny.
66. Żbikowski, Andrzej. (2007). Pogroms in northeastern Poland-Spontaneous Reactions and German Instigations. In Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, & Kai Struve (Eds.), Shared history-Divided memory: Jews and others in Soviet-occupied Poland, 1939-1941 (pp. 315-354). Leipzig, Germany: Leipziger Universitatsverlag.