Chemical composition of precipitation and its sources in Hangzhou, China

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Volumn 183, Issue 1-4, 2011, Pages 581-592

  Xu, Hong ^a   Bi, Xiao Hui ^a   Feng, Yin Chang ^a   Lin, Feng Mei ^b   Jiao, Li ^b   Hong, Sheng Mao ^b   Liu, Wen Gao ^b   Zhang, Xiao Yong ^c  

^a NANKAI UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Station   (China)

^c Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute   (China)

Author keywords

Chemical composition; Neutralization factor; Non sea salt fraction; Precipitation; Source identification

Indexed keywords

ACID NEUTRALIZATION; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC; CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS; CONTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; FUEL WOOD; HANGZHOU; MAJOR IONS; MARINE SOURCES; NEUTRALIZATION FACTOR; NON-SEA-SALT FRACTION; PH VALUE; RAINWATER SAMPLES; SEA SALTS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; VOLUME-WEIGHTED MEANS;

ACID RAIN; ALKALINITY; CHLORINE; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS;

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS;

RAIN;

ACID NEUTRALIZATION; ACID RAIN; ACIDIFICATION; ACIDITY; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; PH; PRECIPITATION (CHEMISTRY); PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RAINWATER; SEA SALT;

ACIDIFICATION; ACIDITY; ARTICLE; AUTUMN; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHINA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; PH; PRECIPITATION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPRING; SUMMER; URBAN AREA; VEGETATION; WINTER;

ACID RAIN; CHINA; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; RAIN;

CHINA; HANGZHOU; ZHEJIANG;

EID: 82455192281     PISSN: 01676369     EISSN: 15732959     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1963-4     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. A Avila M Alarcón 1999 Relationship between precipitation chemistry and meteorological situations at a rural site in NE Spain Atmospheric Environment 33 1663 1667 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00341-0 1:CAS:528: DyaK1MXit1Kqsb4%3D (Pubitemid 29147336)
2. R Balestrini L Galli G Tartari 2000 Wet and dry atmospheric deposition at prealpine and alpine sites in northern Italy Atmospheric Environment 34 1455 1470 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00404-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXit1ylurk%3D (Pubitemid 30089691)
3. AI Calvo FJ Olmo H Lyamani L Alados-Arboledas A Castro M Fernández-Raga, et al. 2010 Chemical composition of wet precipitation at the background EMEP station in Víznar (Granada, Spain) (2002-2006) Atmospheric Research 96 408 420 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.01.013 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXlsFGrt7w%3D
4. A Chabas RA Lefevre 2000 Chemistry and microscopy of atmospheric particulates at Delos (Cyclades-Greece) Atmospheric Environment 34 225 238 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00255-1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXks1KhsA%3D%3D
5. B Codina J Lorente 1996 Rainwater composition in the Barcelona area Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 5 412 417 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmvV2js70%3D (Pubitemid 27006107)
6. R Das SN Das VN Misra 2005 Chemical composition of rainwater and dustfall at Bhubaneswar in the east coast of India Atmospheric Environment 39 5908 5916 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.030 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVShur7K (Pubitemid 41278668)
7. EAH (Environment Agency of Hangzhou City) (2006). Environmental Quality Report of Hangzhou (2001-2005), pp. 56-61.
8. EANET: Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (2000). The Second Interim Scientific Advisory Group Meeting of Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia. Technical Manual for Wet Deposition Monitoring in East Asia. Retrieved April 2004, from http://www.eanet.cc/product/techwet.pdf.
9. Escarré, A., Carratalá, A., Avila, A., Bellot, J., Piñol, J., & Millán, M. (1998). Precipitation chemistry and air pollution. In: F. Rodà, J. Retana, C. Gracia, & J. Bellot (Eds.), Ecology of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Forest (pp. 195-206). Berlin: Ed. Springer-Verlag, Series Ecological Studies.
10. CD Evans DT Monteith DM Cooper 2005 Long-term increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon: Observations, possible causes and environmental impacts Environmental Pollution 137 55 71 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.031 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltFWjtL4%3D (Pubitemid 40804719)
11. JL Fan ZY Hu TJ Wang J Zhou CYH Wu X Xia 2009 Atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition to a typical red soil forestland in southeastern China Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 159 241 253 10.1007/s10661-008-0626-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVSkt77N
12. JN Galloway D Zhao J Xiong 1987 Acid rain: China, United States, and a remote area Science 236 1559 1562 10.1126/science.236.4808.1559 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXks1Chu70%3D
13. GP Hu R Balasubramanian CD Wu 2003 Chemical characterization of rainwater at Singapore Chemosphere 51 747 755 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00028-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXisFWntrs%3D (Pubitemid 36396731)
14. Y Huang W Yanglin L Zhang 2008 Long-term trend of chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation during 1986-2006 at Shenzhen City, China Atmospheric Environment 42 3740 3750 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.063 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXls1Kktrw%3D
15. DY Huang YG Xu P Peng HH Zhang JB Lan 2009 Chemical composition and seasonal variation of acid deposition in Guangzhou, South China: Comparison with precipitation in other major Chinese cities Environmental Pollution 157 35 41 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVGgsbjN
16. WC Keene AP Pszenny JN Galloway ME Hawley 1986 Sea-salt corrections and interpretation of constituent ratios in marine precipitation Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 91 6648 6658
17. H Khwaja L Husain 1990 Chemical characterization of acid precipitation in Albany, New York Atmospheric Environment, Part A-General Topics 24 1869 1882 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90519-S (Pubitemid 20268764)
18. UC Kulshrestha AK Sarkar SS Srivastava DC Parashar 1995 Wet-only and bulk deposition studies at New Delhi (India) Water, Air and Soil Pollution 85 2137 2142 10.1007/BF01186150 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XitlelsLw%3D (Pubitemid 26114949)
19. UC Kulshrestha AK Sarkar SS Srivastava DC Parashar 1996 Investigation into atmospheric deposition through precipitation studies at New Delhi (India) Atmospheric Environment 30 4149 4154 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00034-9 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmtFaru7c%3D (Pubitemid 26319543)
20. UC Kulshrestha MJ Kulshrestha R Sekar GSR Sastry M Vairamani 2003 Chemical characteristics of rainwater at an urban site of south-central India Atmospheric Environment 37 3019 3026 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00266-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktlOht78%3D (Pubitemid 36687774)
21. J Langner H Rodhe PJ Crutzen P Zimmermann 1992 Anthropogenic influence on the distribution of tropospheric sulphate aerosol Nature 359 712 716 10.1038/359712a0 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXisFaktg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 23374558)
22. T Larssen GR Carmichael 2000 Acid rain and acidification in China: The importance of base cation deposition Environmental Pollution 110 89 102 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00279-1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXksFyiur8%3D (Pubitemid 30246055)
23. BK Lee SH Hong DS Lee 2000 Chemical composition of precipitation and wet deposition of major ions on the Korean peninsula Atmospheric Environment 34 563 575 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00225-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjvVOiuw%3D%3D
24. GE Likens FH Bormann 1974 Acid rain: A serious regional environmental problem Science 184 1176 1179 10.1126/science.184.4142.1176 1:CAS:528: DyaE2cXlsVShsL0%3D
25. GE Likens CT Driscoll DC Buso 1996 Long-term effects of acid rain: Response and recovery of a forest ecosystem Science 272 244 246 10.1126/science.272.5259.244 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xit1Kqs7g%3D
26. JQ Liu C William GP Wu 1993 Study of precipitation background value in Lijiang, China China Environmental Science 13 246 251
27. D Migliavacca EC Teixeira F Wiegand ACM Machado J Sanchez 2005 Atmospheric precipitation and chemical composition of an urban site, Guaíba Hydrographic Basin, Brazil Atmospheric Environment 39 1829 1844 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitlSltLc%3D
28. National Environmental Protection Agency (1992). General Principles for Analytical Methods of the Wet Precipitation GB/T 13580.1-13580.13-1992.
29. Norwegian Institute for Air Research (1996). Manual for Sampling and Chemical Analysis (EMEP). NILU, EMEP/CCC-Report 1/95 O-7726.
30. C Okay BO Akkoyunlu M Tayanc 2002 Composition of wet deposition in Kaynarca, Turkey Environmental Pollution 118 401 410 10.1016/S0269-7491(01) 00292-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhslSrt78%3D (Pubitemid 34218991)
31. M Possanzini P Buttini V Dipalo 1988 Characterization of a rural area in terms of dry and wet deposition Science of the Total Environment 74 111 120 10.1016/0048-9697(88)90132-5 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXltlCht7g%3D (Pubitemid 19300776)
32. H Rodhe J Langner L Gallardo E Kjellstrom 1995 Global scale transport of acidifying pollutants Water, Air and Soil Pollution 85 37 50 10.1007/BF00483687 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhvVajsL4%3D (Pubitemid 26094048)
33. H Rodhe F Dentener M Schulz 2002 The global distribution of acidifying wet deposition Environmental Science and Technology 36 4382 4388 10.1021/es020057g 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntVahu7Y%3D
34. SEPA: State Environmental Protection Administration of China (2004). Technical specifications for acid deposition monitoring. Beijing: State Environmental Protection Administration of China (in Chinese).
35. SEPA (State Environmental Protection Agency) (2006). Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods (4th edition) (pp. 156-161). Beijing: China Environmental Science Press (in Chinese).
36. S Seto H Hara 2006 Precipitation chemistry in western Japan: Its relationship to meteorological parameters Atmospheric Environment 40 1538 1549 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.10.050 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVaksr0%3D (Pubitemid 43188905)
37. ZL Shen Q Liu 2009 Nutrients in the Changjiang River Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 153 27 44 10.1007/s10661-008-0334-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXls1Khu7Y%3D
38. J Tang HS Xue XL Yu HB Cheng XB Xu XC Zhang, et al. 2000 The preliminary study on chemical characteristics of precipitation at Mt. Waliguan Journal of Environmental Sciences 20 420 425
39. AH Tang GS Zhuang Y Wang H Yuan YL Sun 2005 The chemistry of precipitation and its relation to aerosol in Beijing Atmospheric Environment 39 3397 3406 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvFWhsb0%3D
40. J Tu H Wang Z Zhang X Jin W Li 2005 Trends in chemical composition of precipitation in Nanjing, China, during 1992-2003 Atmospheric Research 73 283 298 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.002 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXoslegtw%3D%3D
41. W Wang 1994 Study on the origin of acid rain formation in China China Environmental Science 14 323 329 (in Chinese)
42. W Wang GA Ding 1997 The geographical distribution of ion concentration in precipitation over China Research of Environmental Sciences 10 1 7 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjsFOis7w%3D (in Chinese)
43. W Wang T Wang 1996 On acid rain formation in China Atmospheric Environment 30 4091 4093 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00115-X 1:CAS:528: DyaK28XmtVKjs74%3D (Pubitemid 26326546)
44. SA Watmough J Aherne C Alewell P Arp S Bailey T Clair, et al. 2005 Sulphate, nitrogen and base cation budgets at 21 forested catchments in Canada, the United States and Europe Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 109 1 36 10.1007/s10661-005-4336-z 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFCrsrrJ (Pubitemid 41631071)
45. GA Wetherbee MJ Shaw NE Latysh CMB Lethmann JE Rothert 2010 Comparison of precipitation chemistry measurements obtained by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network and National Atmospheric Deposition Program for the period 1995-2004 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164 111 132 10.1007/s10661-009-0879-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXks1WitLo%3D
46. DM Whelpdale PW Summers E Sanhueza 1997 A global overview of atmospheric acid deposition fluxes Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 48 217 247 10.1023/A:1005708821454 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntVems7o%3D (Pubitemid 27466476)
47. 2.5 ambient aerosol chemical databases Environmental Science and Technology 32 24 3926 3934 10.1021/es9800582 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntVWmu7Y%3D (Pubitemid 29013962)
48. M Xu AH Lu F Xu B Wang 2007 Seasonal chemical composition variations of wet deposition in Urumchi, Northwestern China Atmospheric Environment 42 1042 1048 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.008
49. ZQ Zhang SK Friedlander 2000 A comparative study of chemical databases for fine particle Chinese aerosols Environmental Science and Technology 34 4687 4694 10.1021/es001147t 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmvFarsbc%3D
50. MY Zhang SJ Wang FC Wu XH Yuang Y Zhang 2007 Chemical compositions of wet precipitation and anthropogenic influences at a developing urban site in southeastern China Atmospheric Research 84 311 322 10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.09. 003 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlsFGrsbc%3D (Pubitemid 46731262)
51. D Zhao B Sun 1986 Atmospheric pollution from coal combustion in China Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 36 371 374 1:CAS:528: DyaL28Xit12ltb8%3D (Pubitemid 16111289)
52. M Zunckel C Saizar J Zaruz 2003 Rainwater composition in northeast Uruguay Atmospheric Environment 37 1601 1611 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00007-4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXitVGjtbo%3D (Pubitemid 36331932)