Post percutaneous coronary intervention antiplatelet therapy: Current perceptions, prospects and perplexity

Cardiology Journal

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 712-717

  Pant, Sadip ^a   Neupane, Pritam ^b   Ramesh, K C ^c   Barakoti, Murari ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^c MERCY CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY   (Nepal)

Author keywords

Dual antiplatelet therapy; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Restenosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CANGRELOR; CILOSTAZOL; CLOPIDOGREL; ESOMEPRAZOLE; OMEPRAZOLE; PLACEBO; PRASUGREL; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; TICAGRELOR; TICLOPIDINE; TIROFIBAN; WARFARIN;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ANTICOAGULATION; ARTICLE; BARE METAL STENT; BLEEDING; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; COMPETITIVE INHIBITION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELUTING STENT; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG RESISTANCE; DRUG TARGETING; GASTRITIS; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; LOADING DRUG DOSE; LONG TERM CARE; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; STENT THROMBOSIS; STROKE; THROMBOGENESIS; THROMBOSIS PREVENTION; TREATMENT DURATION;

EID: 82455188314     PISSN: 18975593     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5603/CJ.2011.0042     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Lee MS, David EM, Makkar RR, Wilentz JR. Molecular and cellular basis of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention: The intertwining roles of platelets, leukocytes, and the coagulation-fibrinolysis system. J Pathol, 2004; 203: 861-870.
2. Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F et al. A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. Benestent Study Group. N Engl J Med, 1994; 331: 489-495.
3. Spaulding C, Daemen J, Boersma E et al. A pooled analysis of data comparing sirolimus-eluting stents with bare-metal stents. N Engl J Med, 2007; 356: 989-997.
4. Cutlip DE, Windecker S, Mehran R et al. Clinical end points in coronary stent trials: A case for standardized definitions. Circulation, 2007; 115: 2344-2351.
5. Iakovou I, Schmidt T, Bonizzoni E et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcome of thrombosis after successful implantation of drugeluting stents. JAMA, 2005; 293: 2126-2130.
6. Lüscher TF, Steffel J, Eberli FR et al. Drug-eluting stent and coronary thrombosis: Biological mechanisms and clinical implications. Circulation, 2007; 115: 1051-1058.
7. Ferrari E, Benhamou M, Cerboni P, Marcel B. Coronary syndromes following aspirin withdrawal: A special risk for late stent thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005; 45:456-459.
8. Scheller B, Hennen B, Pohl A et al. Acute and subacute stent occlusion: Risk-reduction by ionic contrast media. Eur Heart J, 2001; 22: 385-391.
9. Ellis SG, Colombo A, Grube E et al. Incidence, timing, and correlates of stent thrombosis with the polymeric paclitaxel drugeluting stent: A TAXUS II, IV, V, and VI meta-analysis of 3,445 patients followed for up to three years. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 49: 1043-1051.
10. Finn AV, Joner M, Nakazawa G et al. Pathological correlates of late drug-eluting stent thrombosis: Strut coverage as a marker of endothelialization. Circulation, 2007; 115: 2435-2441.
11. Joner M, Finn AV, Farb A et al. Pathology of drug-eluting stents in humans: Delayed healing and late thrombotic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006; 48: 193-202.
12. Leon MB, Baim DS, Popma JJ et al. A clinical trial comparing three antithrombotic drug regimens after coronary-artery stenting. Stent Anticoagulation Restenosis Study Investigators. N Engl J Med, 1998; 339: 1665-1671.
13. Schömig A, Neumann FJ, Walter H et al. Coronary stent placement in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Comparison of clinical and angiographic outcome after randomization to anti- platelet or anticoagulant therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1997; 29: 28-34.
14. Moussa I, Oetgen M, Roubin G et al. Effectiveness of clopidogrel and aspirin versus ticlopidine and aspirin in preventing stent thrombosis after coronary stent implantation. Circulation, 1999; 99: 2364-2366.
15. Bertrand ME, Rupprecht HJ, Urban P et al. Double-blind study of the safety of clopidogrel with and without a loading dose in combination with aspirin compared with ticlopidine in combina- tion with aspirin after coronary stenting: The Clopidogrel Aspi- rin Stent International Cooperative Study (CLASSICS). Circula- tion, 2000; 102: 624.
16. Bhatt DL, Bertrand ME, Berger PB et al. Meta-analysis of randomized and registry comparisons of ticlopidine with clopidogrel after stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002; 39: 9-14.
17. Mueller C, Roskamm H, Neumann FJ et al. A randomized comparison of clopidogrel and aspirin versus ticlopidine and aspirin after the placement of coronary artery stents. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003; 41: 969-973.
18. th Edition). Chest, 2008; 133: 776S.
19. Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC Jr et al. 2009 focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guidelines and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guide- lines and 2007 focused update) a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 54: 2205-2241.
20. Anderson J, Adams C, Antman E et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guide-lines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non--ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angi- na/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 50: e1 [available at: www.acc.org/qualityandscience/clinical/statements.htm (accessed September 18, 2007)].
21. Sweeny JM, Gorog DA, Fuster V. Antiplatelet drug 'resistance'. Part 1: Mechanisms and clinical measurements. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2009; 6: 273-282.
22. Lev EI, Patel RT, Maresh KJ et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel drug response in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The role of dual drug resistance. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006; 47: 27-33.
23. Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Hiatt BL, O'Connor CM. Clopidogrel for coronary stenting: Response variability, drug resistance, and the effect of pretreatment platelet reactivity. Circulation, 2003; 107: 2908-2913.
24. Bellemain-Appaix A, Montalescot G, Silvain J et al. Slow response to clopidogrel predicts low response. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010; 55: 815-822.
25. Nguyen TA, Diodati JG, Pharand C. Resistance to clopidogrel: A review of the evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005; 45: 1157-1164.
26. Müller I, Besta F, Schulz C et al. Prevalence of clopidogrel non-responders among patients with stable angina pectoris schedu- led for elective coronary stent placement. Thromb Haemost, 2003; 89: 783-787.
27. Campo G, Valgimigli M, Gemmati D et al. Poor responsiveness to clopidogrel: Drug-specific or class-effect mechanism? Evidence from a clopidogrel-to-ticlopidine crossover study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 50: 1132-1137.
28. Patti G, Colonna G, Pasceri V et al. Randomized trial of high loading dose of clopidogrel for reduction of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary intervention: Results from the ARMYDA-2 (Antiplatelet therapy for Reduc- tion of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty) study. Circula- tion, 2005; 111: 2099.
29. Bonello L, Camoin-Jau L, Arques S et al. Adjusted clopidogrel loading doses according to vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation index decrease rate of major adverse car- diovascular events in patients with clopidogrel resistance: A multicenter randomized prospective study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008; 51: 1404.
30. L'Allier PL, Ducrocq G, Pranno N et al. Clopidogrel 600-mg double loading dose achieves stronger platelet inhibition than conventional regimens: Results from the PREPAIR randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008; 51: 1066-1072.
31. Gladding P, Webster M, Zeng I et al. The antiplatelet effect of higher loading and maintenance dose regimens of clopidogrel: The PRINC (Plavix Response in Coronary Intervention) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol Cardiovasc Interv, 2008; 1: 612-619.
32. Gladding P, Webster M, Zeng I et al. The pharmacogenetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel response: An analysis from the PRINC (Plavix Response in Coronary Intervention) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol Cardiovasc Interv, 2008; 1: 620-627.
33. Aleil B, Jacquemin L, De Poli F et al. Clopidogrel 150 mg/day to overcome low responsiveness in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from the VASP-02 (Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein-02) randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol Cardiovasc Interv, 2008; 1: 631.
34. Bonello L, Armero S, Ait Mokhtar O, et al. Clopidogrel loading dose adjustment according to platelet reactivity monitoring in patients carrying the 2C19*2 loss of function polymorphism. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010; 56: 1630-1636.
35. Price MJ, Berger PB, Teirstein PS et al. Standard- vs high-dose clopidogrel based on platelet function testing after percutaneous coronary intervention: The GRAVITAS randomized trial. JAMA, 2011; 305: 1097-1105.
36. Oyetayo OO, Talbert RL. Proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel: Is it a significant drug interaction? Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2010; 9: 593-602.
37. Bhatt DL, Cryer BL, Contant CF et al. Clopidogrel with or with-out omeprazole in coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med, 2010; 363: 1909-1917.
38. Siller-Matula JM, Jilma B, Schrör K et al. Effect of proton pump inhibitors on clinical outcome in patients treated with clopidogrel: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Hae- most, 2010; 8: 2624-2641.
39. Juurlink DN, Gomes T, Ko DT et al. A population-based study of the drug interaction between proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel. CMAJ, 2009; 180: 713-718.
40. Aubert RE, Epstein RS, Teagarden JR et al. Proton pump inhibitors effect on clopidogrel effectiveness: The Clopidogrel Medco Outcomes Study. Circulation, 2008; 118: S815 (abstract).
41. Ho PM, Maddox TM, Wang L et al. Risk of adverse outcomes associated with concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors following acute coronary syndrome. JAMA, 2009; 301: 937-944.
42. Rassen JA, Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Schneeweiss S. Cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients using clopidogrel with proton pump inhibitors after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome. Circulation, 2009; 120: 2322-2329.
43. Evanchan J, Donnally MR, Binkley P, Mazzaferri E. Recurrence of acute myocardial infarction in patients discharged on clopidogrel and a proton pump inhibitor after stent placement for acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol, 2010; 33: 168-171.
44. Bhatt DL, Cryer BL, Contant CF et al. Clopidogrel with or with-out omeprazole in coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med, 2010; 363: 1909-1917.
45. Information for Healthcare Professionals: Update to the labeling of Clopidogrel Bisulfate (marketed as Plavix) to alert healthcare professionals about a drug interaction with omeprazole (marketed as Prilosec and Prilosec OTC). Available on the FDA website at: www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety (accessed on November 18, 2009).
46. Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA et al. 2009 ACCF/AHA focused update on perioperative beta blockade incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart As- sociation task force on practice guidelines. Circulation, 2009; 120: e169.
47. Savonitto S, D'Urbano M, Caracciolo M et al. Urgent surgery in patients with a recently implanted coronary drug-eluting stent: A phase II study of «bridging» antiplatelet therapy with tirofiban during temporary withdrawal of clopidogrel. Br J Anaesth, 2010; 104: 285.
48. Lee SW, Park SW, Hong MK et al. Triple versus dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: Impact on stent thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005; 46: 1833-1837.
49. Han Y, Li Y, Wang S et al. Cilostazol in addition to aspirin and clopidogrel improves long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syn- dromes: A randomized, controlled study. Am Heart J, 2009; 157: 733-739.
50. Chen KY, Rha SW, Li YJ et al. Triple versus dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interven- tion. Circulation, 2009; 119: 3207-3214.
51. Lee SW, Park SW, Yun SC et al. Triple antiplatelet therapy reduces ischemic events after drug-eluting stent implantation: Drug-Eluting stenting followed by Cilostazol treatment REdu- ces Adverse Serious cardiac Events (DECREASE) registry. Am Heart J, 2010; 159: 284.
52. th Annual Scientific Sessions; March 13-16, 2010; Atlanta, GA, USA.
53. Wiviott SD, Antman EM, Winters KJ et al. Randomized comparison of prasugrel (CS-747, LY640315), a novel thienopyridine P2Y12 antagonist, with clopidogrel in percutaneous coronary intervention: Results of the Joint Utilization of Medications to Block Platelets Optimally (JUMBO)-TIMI 26 trial. Circulation, 2005; 111: 3366-3381.
54. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med, 2007; 357: 2001-2015.
55. Schömig A. Ticagrelor: Is there need for a new player in the antiplatelet-therapy field? N Engl J Med, 2009; 361: 1108-1111.
56. Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A et al.; PLATO Investigators. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med, 2009; 361:1045-1057.
57. James SK, Roe MT, Cannon CP et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes intended for non-invasive management: Substudy from the Prospective Ran- domised PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. BMJ, 2011; 342: d3527.
58. Wijns W, Kolh P, Danchin N et al. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: The task force on myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J, 2010; 20: 2501-2555.
59. Timmis A. Non-interventional management of acute coronary syndromes. BMJ, 2011; 342: d3263.
60. Harrington RA, Stone GW, McNulty S et al. Platelet inhibition with cangrelor in patients undergoing PCI. N Engl J Med, 2009; 361: 2318-2329.