Cultural Socialization as a Moderator of Friendships and Social Competence

Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 456-461

  Tran, Alisia G T T ^a   Lee, Richard M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Asian American; Cross race friendships; Cultural socialization; Same race friendships; Social competence

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; FRIENDSHIP; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; RACE; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; SOCIAL EVOLUTION; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIALIZATION;

ADOLESCENT; ASIAN AMERICANS; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; FRIENDS; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES; RACE RELATIONS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; SOCIALIZATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 82455175932     PISSN: 10999809     EISSN: 19390106     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0024728     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Aboud F.E., Mendelson M.J., Purdy K.T. Cross-race peer relations and friendship quality. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2003, 27:165-173.
2. Antonio A.L. The role of interracial interaction in the development of leadership skills and cultural knowledge and understanding. Research in Higher Education 2001, 42:593-617.
3. Bennett M.D. Racial socialization and ethnic identity: Do they offer protection against problem behaviors for African American youths?. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 2007, 15:137-161.
4. Boykin A.W., Toms F.D. Black child socialization: A conceptual framework. Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments 1985, 33-51. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA. H.P. McAdoo, J.L. McAdoo (Eds.).
5. Bynum M.S., Burton E.T., Best C. Racism experiences and psychological functioning in African American college freshman: Is racial socialization a buffer?. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 2007, 13:64-71.
6. Chan W.Y., Birman D. Cross-race and same-race friendships of Vietnamese immigrant adolescents: A focus on acculturation and school diversity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2009, 33:313-324.
7. Chávez N.R., French S.E. Ethnicity-related stressors and mental health in Latino-Americans: The moderating role of parental racial socialization. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2007, 37:1974-1998.
8. Chavous T.M. The relationships among racial identity, perceived ethnic fit, and organizational involvement for African American students at a predominantly White university. Journal of Black Psychology 2000, 26:79-100.
9. Fischer A.R., Shaw C.M. African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1999, 46:395-407.
10. Gottman J., Gonso J., Rasmussen B. Social interaction, social competence, and friendship in children. Child Development 1975, 46:709-718.
11. Harter S. Manual for the self-perception profile for adolescents 1988, University of Denver, Denver, CO.
12. Hughes D., Chen L. When and what parents tell children about race: An examination of race-related socialization among African American families. Applied Developmental Science 1997, 1:200-214.
13. Hughes D., Chen L. The nature of parents' race-related communications to children: A developmental perspective. Child psychology: A handbook on contemporary issues 1999, 467-490. Psychology Press, Philadelphia. L. Balter, C.S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.).
14. Hughes D., Johnson D. Correlates in children's experiences of parents' racial socialization behaviors. Journal of Marriage and Family 2001, 63:981-995.
15. Hughes D., Rodriguez J., Smith E.P., Johnson D.J., Stevenson H.C., Spicer P. Parents' ethnic-ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology 2006, 42:747-770.
16. Johnston K.E., Swim J.K., Saltsman B.M., Deater-Deckard K., Petrill S.A. Mothers' racial, ethnic, and cultural socialization of transracially adopted Asian children. Family Relations 2007, 56:390-402.
17. Kawabata Y., Crick N.R. The role of cross-racial/ethnic friendships in social adjustment. Developmental Psychology 2008, 44:1177-1183.
18. Ladd G.W. Peer relationships and social competence during early and middle childhood. Annual Review of Psychology 1999, 50:333-359.
19. Laible D. Attachment with parents and peers in late adolescence: Link with emotional competence and social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences 2007, 43:1185-1197.
20. Lee R.M. The transracial adoption paradox: History, research, and counseling implications of cultural socialization. The Counseling Psychologist 2003, 31:711-744.
21. Levin S., van Laar C., Sidanius J. The effects of ingroup and outgroup friendships on ethnic attitudes in college: A longitudinal study. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2003, 6:76-92.
22. McHale S.M., Crouter A.C., Kim J.Y., Burton L.M., Davis K.D., Dotterer A.D., Swanson D.P. Mothers' and fathers' racial socialization in African American families: Implications for youths. Child Development 2006, 77:1387-1402.
23. Pettigrew T.F. Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology 1998, 49:65-85.
24. Phinney J.S., Chavira V. Parental ethnic socialization and adolescent coping with problems related to ethnicity. Journal of Research on Adolescence 1995, 5:31-53.
25. Rowley S.J., Burchinal M.R., Roberts J.E., Zeisel S.A. Social identity, social context, and race-related social cognition in African American children during middle childhood. Developmental Psychology 2008, 44:1537-1546.
26. Taylor D.L., Biafora F.A., Warheit G.J. Racial mistrust and disposition to deviance among African American, Haitian, and Other Caribbean Island Adolescent Boys. Law and Human Behavior 1994, 18:291-303.
27. Thornton M.C., Chatters L.M., Taylor R.J., Allen W.R. Sociodemographic and environmental correlates of racial socialization by Black parent. Child Development 1990, 61:401-409.
28. Titzmann P.F., Silbereisen R.K. Friendship homophily among ethnic German immigrants: A longitudinal comparison between recent and more experienced immigrant adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology 2009, 23:301-310.
29. Tran A.G.T.T., Lee R.M. Perceived ethnic-racial socialization, ethnic identity, and social competence among Asian American late adolescents. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 2010, 16:169-178.
30. van Laar C., Levin S., Sinclair S., Sidanius J. The effect of university roommate contact on ethnic attitudes and behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2005, 41:329-345.
31. Wichstrøm L. Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents: Reliability, validity, and evaluation of the question format. Journal of Personality Assessment 1995, 65:100-116.
32. Wolsko C., Park B., Judd C.M., Wittenbrink B. Framing interethnic ideology: Effects of multicultural and color-blind perspectives on judgments of groups and individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 78:635-654.