'I'm sorry for apologising': Czech and German apologies and their perlocutionary effects

Review of International Studies

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1579-1597

  Renner, Judith ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 82455162308     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: 14699044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210510001129     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Roy L. Brooks (ed.), When Sorry Isn't Enough. The Controversy over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice (New York: New York University Press, 1999).
2. Robert R. Weyeneth, 'History, Memory, and Apology. The Power of Apology and the Process of Historical Reconciliation', The Public Historian, 23 (2001), pp. 9-38.
3. Elazar Barkan and Alexander Karn, 'Group Apology as an Ethical Imperative', in Elazar Barkan and Alexander Karn (eds), Taking Wrongs Seriously. Apologies and Reconciliation (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2006), pp. 3-32;
4. Michael R. Marrus, 'Official Apologies and the Quest for Historical Justice', Journal of Human Rights, 6 (2007), pp. 75-105.
5. See, for example, Barkan and Karn, 'Group Apology as an Ethical Imperative';
6. Stanley Cohen, States of Denial. Knowing About Atrocities and Suffering (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2002).
7. Nicholas Tavuchis, Mea Culpa. A Sociology of Apology and Reconciliation (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1991).
8. Janna Thompson, 'Apology, Justice, and Respect: A Critical Defense of Political Apology', in Mark Gibney et al., (eds), The Age of Apology. Facing Up to the Past (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), pp. 31-44.
9. Melissa Nobles, The politics of official apologies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
10. Barkan and Karn, 'Group Apology as an Ethical Imperative'.
11. Girma Negash, Apologia Politica. States & Their Apologies by Proxy (Oxford: Lexington Books, 2006).
12. Richard B. Bilder, 'The Role of Apology in International Law and Diplomacy', in University of Wisconsin Law School: Legal Studies Research Paper Series (Wisconsin: 2006);
13. Sir Arthur Watts, 'The Art of Apology', in Maurizio Rogazzi (ed.), International Responsibility Today (Leiden & Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publications, 2005), pp. 107-16.
14. Daniel Bar-Tal and Gemma Bennink, 'The Nature of Reconciliation as an Outcome and as a Process', in Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov (ed.), From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 11-38;
15. Raymond Cohen, 'Apology and Reconciliation in International Relations', in Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov (ed.), From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 177-95.
16. Trudy Govier and Wilhelm Verwoerd, 'The Promise and Pitfalls of Apology', Journal of Social Philosophy, 33 (2002), pp. 67-82.
17. See also, Marrus, 'Official Apologies and the Quest for Historical Justice'.
18. see also, Barkan and Karn, 'Group Apology as an Ethical Imperative';
19. Jean-Marc Coicaud and Jibecke Jönsson, 'Elements of a Road map for a Politics of Apology', in Mark Gibney et al., (eds), The Age of Apology. Facing Up to the Past (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), pp. 77-91;
20. Aaron Lazare, On apology (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 306;
21. Robert I. Rotberg, 'Apology, Truth Commissions, and Intrastate Conflict', in Elazar Barkan and Alexander Karn (eds), Taking Wrongs Seriously. Apologies and Reconciliation (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2006), pp. 33-50;
22. Thomas J. Scheff, Bloody Revenge. Emotions, Nationalism, and War (Boulder & Oxford: Westview Press, 1994);
23. Thompson, 'Apology, Justice, and Respect'.
24. Barkan and Karn, 'Group Apology as an Ethical Imperative'.
25. Marrus, 'Official Apologies and the Quest for Historical Justice';
26. Jane W. Yamazaki, Japanese Apologies for World War II, Routledge Contemporary Japan Series (New York: Routledge, 2006).
27. Barkan and Karn, 'Group Apology as an Ethical Imperative';
28. Paul Kerstens, '"Deliver Us from Original Sin": Belgian Apologies to Rwanda and the Congo', in Mark Gibney et al., (eds), The Age of Apology. Facing Up to the Past (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), pp. 187-201.
29. Ibid., 'Group Apology as an Ethical Imperative';
30. Govier and Verwoerd, 'The Promise and Pitfalls of Apology';
31. Sandra Harris, Karen Grainger, Louise Mullany, 'The Pragmatics of Political Apologies', Discourse & Society, 17 (2006), pp. 715-37;
32. Lisa Storm Villadsen, 'Speaking on Behalf of Others: Rhetorical Agency and Epideictic Functions in Official Apologies', Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 38 (2008), pp. 25;
33. Tavuchis, Mea Culpa;
34. Thompson, 'Apology, Justice, and Respect'.
35. John L. Austin, How To Do Things With Words (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1962).
36. Ibid.; Masaki Yoshitake, 'Critique of J. L. Austin's Speech Act Theory: Decentralization of the Speaker-Centred Meaning in Communication', Kyushu Communication Studies, 2 (2004), pp. 27-43.
37. Austin, How To Do Things With Words;
38. Thierry Balzacq, 'The Three Faces of Securitization: Political Agency, Audience and Context', European Journal of International Relations, 11 (2005), pp. 171-201;
39. Walter Cerf, 'Critical Review of How to do Things With Words', in K.T. Fann (ed.), Symposium on J. L. Austin (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969), pp. 351-80;
40. Anna Trosborg, Interlanguage Pragmatics. Requests, Complaints and Apologies;
41. Mey, Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, ed. Florian Coulmas and L. Jacob (Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1995);
42. Yoshitake, 'Critique of J. L. Austin's Speech Act Theory'.
43. Yoshitake, 'Critique of J. L. Austin's Speech Act Theory'.
44. Austin, How To Do Things With Words;
45. John L. Austin, Wort und Bedeutung. Philosophische Aufsätze (München: List Verlag, 1975).
46. Austin quoted in Balzacq, 'The Three Faces of Securitization'.
47. Yoshitake, 'Critique of J. L. Austin's Speech Act Theory'.
48. Yueguo Gu, 'The Impasse of Perlocution', Journal of Pragmatics, 20 (1993), pp. 405-32;
49. Yoshitake, 'Critique of J. L. Austin's Speech Act Theory'.
50. Trosborg, Interlanguage Pragmatics.
51. See also, Steven J. Darley, John M. Scher, 'How Effective are the Things People Say to Apologize? Effects of the Realization of the Apology Speech Act', Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 26 (1997), pp. 127-40.
52. Balzacq, 'The Three Faces of Securitization'.
53. See, for example, Mark Gibney and Erik Roxstrom, 'The Status of State Apologies', Human Rights Quarterly, 23 (2001), pp. 911-39,
54. Marrus, 'Official Apologies and the Quest for Historical Justice' for the style guides and Govier and Verwoerd, 'The Promise and Pitfalls of Apology', Barry O'Neill, Honor, Symbols, and War (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1999).
55. Maria Cornelia Raue, 'Doppelpunkt hinter der Geschichte: Die Prager Deutschlandpolitik 1990-1997' (Humboldt-Universität, 2001).
56. Sueddeutsche Zeitung (23/24/25 December 1989), p. 8.
57. In January, the SZ and FAZ loosely referred to Havel's 'openness' in regard to the Czechoslovakian past. Only one article explicitly mentioned and praised the apology; see FAZ (17 January 1990), p. 10.
58. Raue, 'Doppelpunkt hinter der Geschichte', pp. 95-6.
59. Michaela Witte, Entfremdung, Sprachlosigkeit, Aussöhnung? (Norderstedt: Books on Demand, 2002).
60. Witte, Entfremdung, Sprachlosigkeit, Aussöhnung?.
61. Jan Pauer, 'Moral Political Dissent in German-Czech Relations', Czech Sociological Review, 6 (1998), pp. 173-86;
62. Raue, 'Doppelpunkt hinter der Geschichte'.
63. Timothy W. Ryback, 'Dateline Sudetenland: Hostages to History', Foreign Policy (1997), pp. 162-78.
64. Raue, 'Doppelpunkt hinter der Geschichte';
65. Jacques Rupnik, 'Europe's New Frontiers: Remapping Europe', Daedalus, 123 (1994), pp. 91-105.
66. Reiner Beushausen, 'Die Diskussion über die Vertreibung der Deutschen in der CSFR', Dokumentation Ostmitteleuropa, 17 (1991), pp. 1-176.
67. Jaroslav Kucera, 'Zwischen Geschichte und Politik. Die aktuelle Diskussion über die Vertreibung der Deutschen in der tschechischen Gesellschaft und Politik', in Robert Streibel (ed.), Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Wien: Picus Verlag, 1994), pp. 174-87.
68. Beushausen, 'Die Diskussion über die Vertreibung der Deutschen in der CSFR'.
69. Karl Cordell and Stefan Wolff, Germany's Foreign Policy Towards Poland and the Czech Republic. Ostpolitik Revisited, Routledge Advances in European Politics (London: Routledge, 2005);
70. Claudia Kraft, 'Der Platz der Vertreibung der Deutschen im historischen Gedächtnis Polens und der Tschechoslowakei/Tschechiens', in Christoph Cornelißen, Roman Holec and Jiri Pesek (eds), Diktatur - Krieg - Vertreibung. Erinnerungskulturen in Tschechien, der Slowakei und Deutschland seit 1945 (Essen: Klartext Verlag, 2005), pp. 329-54.
71. The text of the Czech-German Declaration is available at: {http://www.bundestag.de/geschichte/gastredner/havel/havel2.html} accessed on 16 July 2008.
72. Lidové Noviny, (11 December 1996), p. 8;
73. Lidové Noviny (21 January 1979), p. 8.
74. Raue, 'Doppelpunkt hinter der Geschichte', chap. 4.
75. Miroslav Kunstat, 'Czech-German Relations After the Fall of the Iron Curtain', Czech Sociological Review, 6 (1998), pp. 149-72.
76. Claus Hofhansel, Multilateralism, German Foreign Policy and Central Europe (Abingdon: Routledge 2005), p. 47.
77. Pavla Kozáková, 'Czechs, Germans Clash Again Over Postwar Expulsions', Transitions Online, 7 (2003);
78. Emil Nagengast, 'The Benes Decrees and EU Enlargement', European Integration, 25 (2003), pp. 335-50.
79. Nagengast, 'The Benes Decrees and EU Enlargement'.
80. Hofhansel, Multilateralism, German Foreign Policy and Central Europe.
81. Sueddeutsche Zeitung (11 December 1996), p. 1;
82. Hospodarske Noviny (10 December 1996), pp. 1, 3;
83. Lidové Noviny (10 December 1996), p. 1.
84. Raue, 'Doppelpunkt hinter der Geschichte', p. 149.
85. See, for example, SZ (21 January 1997), p. 11;
86. FR (23 January 1997), pp. 1-2.
87. Die Welt (21 January 1997), p. 4.
88. The text of the statement is available at the website of the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs: {http://www.czechembassy.org/wwwo/mzv/default.asp? id=34187&ido=13797idj=2&amb=1} accessed on 6 August 2008.
89. Radio Prague News (24 August 2005), available at: {http://www.radiocz/ print/de/nachrichten/69965} accessed on 6 August 2008.
90. Interview with the German ambassador to the Czech Republic, Helmut Elfenkämper. Available at: {http://www.deutschebotschaft.cz/de/politik- presse/ARCHIV/ARCHIV-2005/09-elfenkaemper-hn-interview.htm} accessed on 5 August 2008.
91. Frankfurter Rundschau (25 August 2005), p. 5.
92. Nachrichten der Sudetendeutschen in Baden-Württemberg (Folge 3/2005) (15 September 2005). Available at: {www.sudeten-bw.de/?download=2005-03.pdf} accessed on 6 August 2008.
93. Sueddeutsche Zeitung (25 August 2005), p. 7.
94. Sueddeutsche Zeitung (25 August 2005), p. 7.
95. Hospodarske Noviny (24 August 2005), pp. 1, 2.
96. Klaus Bachmann and Jerzy Kranz (eds), Verlorene Heimat. Die Vertreibungsdebatte in Polen (Bonn: Bouvier Verlag, 1998).
97. Kerstens, "Deliver Us from Original Sin".
98. Barkan and Karn, 'Group Apology as an Ethical Imperative'.
99. Kerstens, "Deliver Us from Original Sin".