Phosphatidylserine exposure by Toxoplasma gondii is fundamental to balance the immune response granting survival of the parasite and of the host

PLoS ONE

Volumn 6, Issue 11, 2011, Pages

  dos Santos, Thiago Alves Teixeira ^a,b   de Araújo Portes, Juliana ^a,c   Damasceno Sá, João Claudio ^b   Caldas, Lucio Ayres ^c   de Souza, Wanderley ^c   DaMatta, Renato Augusto ^b   Seabra, Sergio Henrique ^a  

^a Centro Universitario Estadual da Zona Oeste UEZO   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE DARCY RIBEIRO   (Brazil)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITRIC OXIDE; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELL GROWTH; CELL VACUOLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PARASITE DEVELOPMENT; PARASITE IMMUNITY; PARASITE LOAD; PARASITE SURVIVAL; PARASITE VIRULENCE; PERITONEAL CAVITY; PHAGOCYTOSIS; SURVIVAL RATE; TACHYZOITE; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS;

ANIMALS; CELL SURVIVAL; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; IMMUNITY; LIFE CYCLE STAGES; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGES; MICE; NITRIC OXIDE; PARASITES; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINES; TOXOPLASMA; TOXOPLASMOSIS, ANIMAL; VACUOLES;

EID: 82255195421     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027867     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM, (2000) Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol 30: 1217-1258.
2. Carruthers VB, (2002) Host cell invasion by the opportunistic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Acta Trop 81: 111-122.
3. Montoya JG, Liesenfeld O, (2004) Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 12: 1965-1976.
4. Seabra SH, de Souza W, DaMatta RA, (2004) Toxoplasma gondii exposes phosphatidylserine inducing a TGF-beta1 autocrine effect orchestrating macrophage evasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 324: 744-752.
5. Seabra SH, de Souza W, DaMatta RA, (2002) Toxoplasma gondii inhibits nitric oxide production by activated mouse macrophages. Exp Parasitol 100: 62-70.
6. Adams LB, Hibbs JB, Taintor RR Jr, Krahenbuhl JL, (1990) Microbiostatic effect of murine-activated macrophages for Toxoplasma gondii role for synthesis of inorganic nitrogen oxides from L-arginine. J immunol 144: 2725-2729.
7. Guillermo LVC, DaMatta RA, (2004) Nitric oxide inhibition after Toxoplasma gondii infection of chicken macrophage cell lines. Poultry Science 83: 776-782.
8. Lüder CG, Algner M, Lang C, Bleicher N, Gross U, (2003) Reduced expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase after infection with Toxoplasma gondii facilitates parasite replication in activated murine macrophages. Int J Parasitol 33: 833-844.
9. Rozenfeld C, Martinez R, Seabra SH, Sant'anna C, Gonçalves JGR, et al. (2005) Toxoplasma gondii prevents neuron degeneration by interferon-gamma-activated microglia in a mechanism involving inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and transforming growth factor-beta1 production by infected microglia. Am J Pathol 167: 1021-1031.
10. Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Henson PM, (2001) Phagocyte receptors for apoptotic cells: recognition, uptake, and consequences. J Clin Invest 108: 957-962.
11. Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Konowal A, Freed PW, Westcott JY, et al. (1998) Macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells in vitro inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF. J Clin Invest 101: 890-898.
12. Huynh ML, Fadok VA, Henson PM, (2002) Phosphatidylserine dependent ingestion of apoptotic cells promotes TGF-beta1 secretion and the resolution of inflammation. J Clin Invest 109: 41-50.
13. Barcinski MA, Moreira ME, Balanco JM, Wanderley JL, Bonomo AC, (2003) The role of apoptotic mimicry in host-parasite interplay: is death the only alternative for altruistic behavior? Kinetoplastid Biol Dis 2: 6-7.
14. Wanderley JL, Barcinski MA, (2010) Apoptosis and apoptotic mimicry: the Leishmania connection. Cell Mol Life Sci 67: 1653-1659.
15. de Freitas Balanco JM, Moreira ME, Bonomo A, Bozza PT, Amarante-Mendes G, et al. (2001) Apoptotic mimicry by an obligate intracellular parasite downregulates macrophage microbicidal activity. Curr Biol 11: 1870-1873.
16. Wanderley JL, Moreira ME, Benjamin A, Bonomo AC, Barcinski MA, (2006) Mimicry of apoptotic cells by exposing phosphatidylserine participates in the establishment of amastigotes of Leishmania (L) amazonensis in mammalian hosts. J Immunol 176: 1834-1839.
17. DaMatta RA, Seabra SH, Deolindo P, Arnholdt ACV, Manhães L, et al. (2007) Trypanosoma cruzi exposes phosphatidylserine as an evasion mechanism. FEMS Microbiol Lett 266: 29-33.
18. Mercer J, Helenius A, (2008) Vaccinia virus uses macropinocytosis and apoptotic mimicry to enter host cells. Science 320: 531-535.
19. Morisaki JH, Heuser JE, Sibley LD, (1995) Invasion of Toxoplasma gondii occurs by active penetration of the host cell. J Cell Science 108: 2457-2464.
20. Jones TC, Yeh S, Hirsch JG, (1972) The interaction between Toxoplasma gondii and mammalian cells. I. Mechanism of entry and intracellular fate of the parasite. J Exp Med 136: 1157-1172.
21. Caldas LA, Attias M, de Souza W, (2009) Dynamin inhibitor impairs Toxoplasma gondii invasion. FEMS Microbiol Lett 301: 103-108.
22. Kirchhausen T, Macia E, Pelish HE, (2008) Use of dynasore, the small molecule inhibitor of dynamin, in the regulation of endocytosis. Method Enzymol 438: 77-93.
23. Kozmar A, Greenlee-Wacker MC, Bohlson SS, (2010) Macrophage response to apoptotic cells varies with the apoptotic trigger and is not altered by a deficiency in LRP expression. J Innate Immun 2: 248-259.
24. Souza W, DaMatta RA, Attias M, (2009) Brazilian contribution for a better knowledge on the biology of Toxoplasma gondii. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 149-154.
25. Gu C, Yaddanapudi S, Weins A, Osborn T, Reiser J, et al. (2010) Direct dynamin-actin interactions regulate the actin cytoskeleton. EMBO J 29: 3593-3606.
26. Bajno L, Peng X-R, Schreiber AD, Moore H-P, Trimble WS, et al. (2000) Focal exocytosis of VAMP3-containing vesicles at sites of phagosome formation. J Cell Biol 149: 697-705.
27. Praefcke GJK, McMahon HT, (2004) The dynamin superfamily: universal membrane tubulation and fission molecules? Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5: 133-147.
28. de Souza W, Campanati L, Attias M, (2008) Strategies and results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) in the study of parasitic protozoa. Micron 39: 77-87.
29. Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishmok JS, et al. (1982) Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and [15N] nitrite in biological fluids. Anal Biochem 126: 131-138.